Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Union

Unit E5: Energy

L-2920 Luxembourg

Short-term monthly energy data collections cover the most important energy commodities:

• Oil & petroleum products
• Natural gas
• Electricity (discontinued since January 2020)

Short-term monthly data provides information on main flows (quantities) of the supply side.

The data collection covers all Member States of the European Union, EFTA country Norway, candidate countries (North Macedonia, Iceland, and Turkey) and other Energy Community Contracting Parties.

Data on monthly short term statistics are collected by standard questionnaires according to Annex D of the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics.

A combination of business surveys and other sources are used e.g. customs data for imports and exports or census including all producing enterprises.

Energy statistics is an integral part of the European System of Statistics. Therefore, they rely on classifications and nomenclatures developed in other fields while classifications proper to the Energy statistics are harmonised. For sector classification: NACE rev. 2 applies. Country classification: The geonom is used for classifying reporting countries and trading partners. Deviations applying in energy statistics are specified in Annex A of the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on energy statistics.

Classifications, nomenclatures and correspondence tables are available at the Eurostat’s RAMON metadata server.

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The short-term monthly statistics cover the measurement of energy quantities produced, imported, exported, transformed and delivered for consumption. It covers closing and changing stocks.

A full description of flows and products can be found at the Eurostat’s classification server RAMON

The statistical unit is the reporting company or institution. Statistical unit may vary across reporting countries.

Reporting units in energy statistics might be: producers, importers, exporters, distributors, enterprises, local units, establishments or households, etc. 

For detailed information on statistical units, see Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community (Official Journal of the European Communities No L 076, 30/03/1993, p. 1), Section III of 15.03.1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community

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Series cover Member States of the European Union, EFTA country Norway, Candidate Countries and Energy Community Contracting Parties.

European Union and Euro area totals are also shown.

From 2008 onwards.

Not Applicable

Basic data are on energy quantities expressed in fuel specific units:

- oil & petroleum products: kt – kilotons

- natural gas: TJ – terajoules

- electricity: GWh – Gigawatt-hour

Units are defined in Annex C of Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 on energy statistics.

All figures reported are rounded to the nearest whole number.

Monthly data cover a calendar month.

Data on short-term monthly energy quantities statistics are collected under the standard collection cycles of the "Energy Statistics Unit". The relevant energy data collections are regulated since 2008 with the entry-into-force of the Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on Energy Statistics.

Annex D covers the so-called M-1 data collections, submitted to Eurostat one month after the reference month for natural gas and electricity, and 25 days after the reference month for oil & petroleum products.

Not applicable.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.

Confidentiality issues are treated individually with the respective reporting countries.

The share of confidential data in the overall volume of monthly data that are received, treated and disseminated every month is rather small. For example, for some confidential monthly data provided by the countries are considered as fictitious "zeros" when handling the questionnaires at Eurostat level; the confidential "real" values are not entered at all into the production environment [only the "fictitious" zeros], and evidently they are also not uploaded to the dissemination environment.

The precise date of data release is disseminated on Eurostat's website (select language and release calendar). In principle, data is released on or around the 12^th of each month.

See Eurostat's Release Calendar.

In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website (see item 10 - 'Accessibility and clarity') respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Eurostat protocol on impartial access to Eurostat data for users.

Short-term monthly energy data is updated at least once a month.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The short-term monthly energy data is published in Eurobase:

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database

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The Energy dedicated section in Eurostat website contents methodological information and publications.

Detailed information on the relevant methodology as well as documentation links can be found in the dedicated section of energy statistics: The methodology is also described in the Energy Statistics Manual and in the JODI Manual (for the JODI questionnaire).

Please consult general quality documentation on energy statistics: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/methodology

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Short-term monthly energy data are subject to several validation checks, among which the time series checks or the consistency & completeness checks. If there are any doubts as regards data quality, Eurostat contacts the Member State to provide necessary justifications or corrections.

Short-term monthly energy quantities statistics are collected and published by Eurostat in order to provide  early estimates of trends in terms of energy supply.

The main users of the monthly energy data are other units within Eurostat [“Transport”, “International trade”, etc.], other Directorates General of the European Commission [DG ENER, DG MOVE, DG CLIMA, DG TAXUD, etc.], other European Institutions [European Parliament] and Agencies [European Environment Agency, the Energy Community Secretariat], international organisations [the International Energy Agency – IEA, Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries –OPEC, etc.], national authorities, businesses, professional associations [Eurogas, Eurelectric, etc.], news agencies [Reuters, Bloomberg], researchers/academics and other users.

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The accuracy of the basic data depends on the quality of the national statistical systems and may vary from country to country.

Assuming that the M-2 / M-3 data are more accurate than the M-1 data, Eurostat systematically checks the SEGgas data against the MOS GAS data, the SEGele against the ELEC3 and the JODI OIL against the MOS OIL data. The data stemming from the first "bad" submission of M-1 is measured against the last "good" M-3 per individual main position.

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As per the relevant Regulation (EC) No 1099/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2008 on Energy Statistics short-term monthly data is transmitted to Eurostat:

- for oil and petroleum products (JODI-Oil): within 25 days following the reported month

- for gas and for electricity (SEG-GAS and SEG-ELE): within one month following the reported month.

Not available.

For oil and petroleum products (JODI), data is fully comparable due to the use of the Joint Questionnaire; the methodology is harmonised for all EU and OECD countries, APEC countries, OLADE and OPEC countries. Eurostat verifies to the extent possible if the reported data respect the prescribed methodology. The underlying data collection methods are however the responsibility of the Member States.

Comparability over time is ensured with a constant and solid methodology harmonised on European and international level.

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Data are checked in detail for coherence/internal consistency in full cooperation with the Member States concerned. Details checks involve the consistency of time series, detection of outliers, etc.

Not available.

There is no legally binding data revision policy in place.

Data are occasionally updated in case an error would be identified, if a Member State transmits more up-to-date figures or if provisional data are modified into definitive ones.

Data are obtained from the National Administrations competent for energy statistics. Depending on the reporting country and the specific monthly process, the data providers can be:

• National Statistical Institutes
• Ministries
• Energy Agencies
• Professional Associations

Questionnaires in standardized electronic format are collected from the national authorities via data transmission over the Internet. Data files have to be transmitted by the Member States to Eurostat via the Single Entry Point (SEP) following the implementing procedures of eDAMIS (electronic Data files Administration and Management Information System).

Data is collected on a monthly basis.

National competent authorities collect the data by using surveys, administrative data, association's data, customs data and also by modelling including interpolation and extrapolation. In some other countries data is compiled via estimation and modelling techniques based to administrative sources. The mixture of sources differs between countries.

Eurostat carries out quality tests, mainly on the coherency of the provided information. Basic checks and processing is done at reception of the file.

The energy statistics database contains primary and derived information. Each record is characterised by five dimensions:

• Product
• Aggregate (flow)
• Country
• Period
• Indicator

No weights are applied when calculating higher aggregates of any kind. The European aggregate EU [including all Member States] and the variable Euro area aggregate are those which are systematically disseminated for the monthly energy data.

No adjustments of data are performed.

More information on the JODI can be found here: http://www.jodidata.org/

Please note that short term monthly electricity data collection is discontinued; the last data collection was for reference month December 2019.