Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
The goal of the Job Vacancy Survey, as part of the labour market surveys, is to obtain information about job vacancies in the enterprises in the country, which are important for monitoring the macroeconomic trends and policies in the labour market. The job vacancy rate and the unemployment rate will be used for evaluation, improvement and understanding of the overall employment situation in the country. Data on job vacancies processed according to economic activity and enterprise size will be used for analyses of the level and structure of the labour market demand.
2.2. Classification system
For collecting data in the Job Vacancy Survey the following classifications are used:
National Classification of Economic Activities NACE Rev.2, adopted as a national standard by Decision of the Government of RM (Official Gazette No.147/08) and the Law on Single Window System and Management of the Trade Register and Register of Other Legal Entities (Official Gazette No. 84/05), which complies with the European classification of activities and NACE Rev.2.
National Classification of Occupations, adopted as a national standard by Decision of the Government of RM in 2015 ("Official Gazette" No.178 from 2015), which complies with the International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-08.
2.3. Coverage - sector
All economic activities defined by NACE Rev. 2, except agriculture, forestry and fishing activities (optional in the JVS framework regulation), and the activities of households as employers and the activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies.
2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant:
for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and
which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.
‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include:
notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services,
contacting a private employment agency/head hunters,
advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines),
advertising the vacancy on a public notice board,
approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly,
approaching employees and/or personal contacts,
using internships.
'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported.
An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organisation to which an employee has been assigned.
2.5. Statistical unit
Enterprise.
2.6. Statistical population
Enterprises with three and more employees.
2.7. Reference area
The whole territory of the country.
2.8. Coverage - Time
Data are available and published quarterly since 2012.
2.9. Base period
Not applicable.
3.1. Source data
Identification of the source of the data
Since 2024, the data source for job vacancies survey is an administrative source, specifically data from the Public Revenue Office and the Employment Agency. Before 2024, the data source for the survey was a web questionnaire.
Coverage
Geographical
The whole country
NACE
NACE Rev.2 B-S.
Enterprise size
Enterprises with three and more employees.
Definition of the statistical unit
Enterprise
Remarks
Sampling design
Base used for the sample
The sampling frame used for the sample selection was drawn from the Statistical Business Register.
Sampling design
Sampling design is one stage stratified simple random sampling. The enterprises with 50 employees and more were fully included in the sample.
Retention/renewal of sampling units
New sample is drawn every year for the first quarter and the same sample is used every quarter in the reference year.
Sample size
4451 units.
Stratification
The stratification is done according to NACE Rev2. section level, and number of employees in the business entity: 3-9, 10-49, 50-249 and 250+ employees
Other sources
Maintenance agency
Not applicable
Updating frequency
Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information)
Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions
Not applicable
Remarks
Not applicable
3.2. Frequency of data collection
Reference dates
Data collection and publication is on a quarterly level, and the data represent an average from the three months in the reference quarter; reference dates: 15-th of each month in the reference quarter.
3.3. Data collection
Brief description of the data collection method(s)
Remarks
Data collection technique: administrative source.
3.4. Data validation
Data are validated in the subject-matter department. In order to improve the quality of the data, additional plausibility checks are applied during the processing of the data.
3.5. Data compilation
Brief description of the weighting method
Weighting dimensions
No imputation is applied on item non-response or unit non-response. Horvitz-Thompson estimator is used for extrapolation, i.e. sampling weighting with a weight variable, which is equal to the inverse of the inclusion probability of a selected element. Adjustment for non-response is used for correction of the design weights.
See first column
3.6. Adjustment
Due to the lack of long time series, it is not possible to apply the methods for seasonal adjustment.
Description of the national users and their main needs
Remarks
National users: government administration, other state institutions and media;
International users: Eurostat;
They are interested in the data from this survey for monitoring changes in the labour market, i.e. the number of vacant and occupied posts in the country.
5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Extent to which the needs of national users are satisfied (voluntary)
Remarks
Not available
5.3. Completeness
Description of missing variables and missing breakdowns of the variables
Report progress on the implementation measures regarding quarterly job vacancies statistics of Regulation (EC) No 453/2008, including:
a detailed plan and timetable for completing implementation
a summary of the remaining deviations from EU concepts
There are no missing variables or breakdowns.
The Job Vacancy Survey collects information from enterprises with three and more employees and not as required from enterprises with one and more employees.
5.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%.
6.1. Accuracy - overall
Not applicable.
6.2. Sampling error
See 6.2.1.
6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Coefficient of variation (taking into account the sampling design) or estimated sampling error for the number of job vacancies (see guidelines).
Coefficients of variations for job vacancies and occupied posts for 2024 (in %)
Number of occupied posts:
Q1: 0.4
Q2: 0.4
Q3: 0.4
Q4: 0.4
Number of job vacancies:
Q1: 2.0
Q2: 2.7
Q3: 2.5
Q4: 2.3
The computation of coefficients of variation were produced using PROC SURVEYMEANS.
Information on variables with non-negligible measurement and processing errors
Information on main sources of (non-negligible) measurement and processing errors and, if available, on methods applied for correction
Estimation bias: An assessment of the non-sampling errors, in terms of the absolute number of vacant posts, for the total number of job vacancies and, where possible, for aggregation level of NACE Rev. 2 specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation and size classes (1-9, 10 + employees).
Remarks
Coverage errors are not significant and are not calculated.
Not applicable
Not applicable
6.3.1. Coverage error
Description of any difference between the reference population and the study population
Description of classification errors
Description of any difference between the reference dates and the reference quarter
Any other relevant information
Not applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable.
6.3.2. Measurement error
Not applicable
6.3.3. Non response error
See 6.3.3.1.
6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Unit response rate
Unit non-response for 2024 by quarters:
Q1: 4.1 %
Q2: 4.7 %
Q3: 5.1 %
Q4: 5.8 %
6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
No item non-response.
6.3.4. Processing error
See below.
6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate
Item imputation rate and methods and, where possible, the effect of imputation on the estimates for the variables transmitted
Imputation is not needed, because there is no item-non-response.
6.3.5. Model assumption error
If modelling is used, include a description of the models used. Particular emphasis should be given to models for imputation or grossing-up to correct for unit non-response.
Not applicable
6.4. Seasonal adjustment
Brief description of seasonal adjustment procedures, in particular with regard to the European Statistical System guidelines on seasonal adjustment which have been endorsed and supported by the SPC.
Due to the lack of long time series, it is not possible to apply the methods for seasonal adjustment.
Provide a revision history, including the revisions in the published number of job vacancies and a summary of the reasons for the revisions.
So far there have been no revisions of any data and the indicator for average size of revisions is not available.
6.6.1. Data revision - average size
So far there have been no revisions of any data and the indicator for average size of revisions is not available.
7.1. Timeliness
See below.
7.1.1. Time lag - first result
Information on the time span between the release of data at national level and the reference period of the data.
Data are published 60 days after the end of the reference quarter (T+60)
7.1.2. Time lag - final result
Data are published 60 days after the end of the reference quarter (T+60).
7.2. Punctuality
Data are published in full accordance with the time limits of the release calendar.
7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Deadlines for availability of administrative data
Data availability from administrative source
Period of data processing
Dates of publication of first results
Remarks
Example for data for reference quarter 2024 Q1
1-15 May 2024
15-30 May 2024
3 June 2024
8.1. Comparability - geographical
Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
National and European concepts are the same. The SSO implemented the recommendations of the relevant European regulations and standards related to this survey, in terms of definitions and concepts, standard classifications, frequency, type of statistical unit, etc. However the survey collects information from enterprises with three and more employees and not from enterprises with one and more employees as required. Nevertheless, the results seem to be comparable with the data from other EU Member States.
8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
8.2. Comparability - over time
Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation.
Remarks
JVS was implemented for the first time in 2012, and since then there have been no changes in definitions, concepts, scope, methods, standard classifications in any two consecutive quarters. Since 2024 the survey has been conducted from an administrative data source.
8.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Not applicable.
8.3. Coherence - cross domain
Comparisons of data on the number of vacant jobs from other relevant sources when available, in total and broken down by NACE at section level when relevant, and reasons if the values differ considerably.
Collected data represent individual statistical data and they are protected by the Law on State Statistics (Official Gazette No. 54/97, 21/07, 51/11, 104/13, 42/14, 192/15, 27/16, 83/18, 220/18 and 31/20), which imposes an obligation to protect data in the phase of collection, processing, data storage and destruction within the prescribed time limits.
11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Disclosure rules: Brief description of when data have to be deleted for reasons of confidentiality
The goal of the Job Vacancy Survey, as part of the labour market surveys, is to obtain information about job vacancies in the enterprises in the country, which are important for monitoring the macroeconomic trends and policies in the labour market. The job vacancy rate and the unemployment rate will be used for evaluation, improvement and understanding of the overall employment situation in the country. Data on job vacancies processed according to economic activity and enterprise size will be used for analyses of the level and structure of the labour market demand.
Not Applicable
A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant:
for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and
which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.
‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include:
notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services,
contacting a private employment agency/head hunters,
advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines),
advertising the vacancy on a public notice board,
approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly,
approaching employees and/or personal contacts,
using internships.
'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported.
An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organisation to which an employee has been assigned.
Enterprise.
Enterprises with three and more employees.
The whole territory of the country.
Not Applicable
Not applicable.
Not Applicable
Brief description of the weighting method
Weighting dimensions
No imputation is applied on item non-response or unit non-response. Horvitz-Thompson estimator is used for extrapolation, i.e. sampling weighting with a weight variable, which is equal to the inverse of the inclusion probability of a selected element. Adjustment for non-response is used for correction of the design weights.
See first column
Identification of the source of the data
Since 2024, the data source for job vacancies survey is an administrative source, specifically data from the Public Revenue Office and the Employment Agency. Before 2024, the data source for the survey was a web questionnaire.
Coverage
Geographical
The whole country
NACE
NACE Rev.2 B-S.
Enterprise size
Enterprises with three and more employees.
Definition of the statistical unit
Enterprise
Remarks
Sampling design
Base used for the sample
The sampling frame used for the sample selection was drawn from the Statistical Business Register.
Sampling design
Sampling design is one stage stratified simple random sampling. The enterprises with 50 employees and more were fully included in the sample.
Retention/renewal of sampling units
New sample is drawn every year for the first quarter and the same sample is used every quarter in the reference year.
Sample size
4451 units.
Stratification
The stratification is done according to NACE Rev2. section level, and number of employees in the business entity: 3-9, 10-49, 50-249 and 250+ employees
Other sources
Maintenance agency
Not applicable
Updating frequency
Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information)
Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions
Not applicable
Remarks
Not applicable
Not Applicable
See below.
Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
National and European concepts are the same. The SSO implemented the recommendations of the relevant European regulations and standards related to this survey, in terms of definitions and concepts, standard classifications, frequency, type of statistical unit, etc. However the survey collects information from enterprises with three and more employees and not from enterprises with one and more employees as required. Nevertheless, the results seem to be comparable with the data from other EU Member States.
Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation.
Remarks
JVS was implemented for the first time in 2012, and since then there have been no changes in definitions, concepts, scope, methods, standard classifications in any two consecutive quarters. Since 2024 the survey has been conducted from an administrative data source.
