Job vacancy statistics (jvs)

National Reference Metadata in ESS Standard for Quality Reports Structure (ESQRS)

Compiling agency: State Statistical Office


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Statistical presentation
3. Statistical processing
4. Quality management
5. Relevance
6. Accuracy and reliability
7. Timeliness and punctuality
8. Coherence and comparability
9. Accessibility and clarity
10. Cost and Burden
11. Confidentiality
12. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)
 



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1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

State Statistical Office

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Wages Department

1.5. Contact mail address

"Dame Gruev" No.4

1000 Skopje

Republic of North Macedonia


2. Statistical presentation Top
2.1. Data description

Job vacancy statistics (JVS) provide information on the level and structure of labour demand. The country transmits to Eurostat the quarterly data on the number of job vacancies and the number of occupied posts as well as provides the quality report under the JVS framework regulation and the two implementing regulations: the implementing regulation on the definition of a job vacancy, the reference dates for data collection, data transmission specifications and feasibility studies, as well as the implementing regulation on seasonal adjustment procedures and quality reports.

The goal of the Job Vacancy Survey, as part of the labour market surveys, is to obtain information about job vacancies in the enterprises in the country, which are important for monitoring the macroeconomic trends and policies in the labour market. The job vacancy rate and the unemployment rate will be used for evaluation, improvement and understanding of the overall employment situation in the country. Data on job vacancies processed according to economic activity and enterprise size will be used for analyses of the level and structure of the labour market demand.

2.2. Classification system

For collecting data in the Job Vacancy Survey the following classifications are used:
-National Classification of Economic Activities NACE Rev.2, adopted as a national standard by Decision of the Government of RM (Official Gazette No.147/08) and the Law on Single Window System and Management of the Trade Register and Register of Other Legal Entities (Official Gazette No. 84/05), which complies with the European classification of activities and NACE Rev.2
-National Classification of Occupations, adopted as a national standard by Decision of the Government of RM in 2015 ("Official Gazette" No.178 from 2015), which complies with the International Standard Classification of Occupations ISCO-08.

2.3. Coverage - sector

All economic activities defined by NACE Rev. 2, except agriculture, forestry and fishing activities (optional in the JVS framework regulation), and the activities of households as employers and the activities of extraterritorial organisations and bodies.

2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

A 'job vacancy' is defined as a paid post that is newly created, unoccupied, or about to become vacant:

(a) for which the employer is taking active steps and is prepared to take further steps to find a suitable candidate from outside the enterprise concerned; and

(b) which the employer intends to fill either immediately or within a specific period of time.

 

‘Active steps to find a suitable candidate’ include:

- notifying the job vacancy to the public employment services,

- contacting a private employment agency/head hunters,

- advertising the vacancy in the media (for example internet, newspapers, magazines),

- advertising the vacancy on a public notice board,

- approaching, interviewing or selecting possible candidates/potential recruits directly,

- approaching employees and/or personal contacts,

- using internships.

 

'Specific period of time’ refers to the maximum time the vacancy is open and intended to be filled. That period shall be unlimited; all vacancies for which active steps are continuing on the reference date shall be reported.

 

An 'occupied post’ means a paid post within the organisation to which an employee has been assigned.

2.5. Statistical unit

Enterprise

2.6. Statistical population

Enterprises with three and more employees

2.7. Reference area

The whole territory of the country

2.8. Coverage - Time

Data are available and published quarterly since 2012.

2.9. Base period

Not applicable


3. Statistical processing Top
3.1. Source data
Identification of the source of the data The data source for job vacancies survey is a business sample survey named Job Vacancy Survey (JVS), which is carried out, since 2012 on quarterly basis, by the State Statistical Office. 
Coverage
- Geographical The whole country
- NACE NACE Rev.2 B-S.
- Enterprise size Enterprises with three and more employees.
Definition of the statistical unit Enterprise
Remarks  
Sampling design
Base used for the sample The sampling frame used for the sample selection was drawn from the Statistical Business Register.
Sampling design Sampling design is one stage stratified simple random sampling. The enterprises with 50 employees and more were exhaustively surveyed.
Retention/renewal of sampling units New sample is drawn every year for the first quarter and the same sample is used every quarter in the reference year.
Sample size 3798 units.
Stratification The stratification is done according to NACE Rev2. section level, and number of employees in the business entity: 3-9, 10-49, 50-249 and 250+ employees
Other sources
Maintenance agency Not applicable
Updating frequency Not applicable
Rules for clearance (of outdated information) Not applicable
Voluntary/compulsory reporting and sanctions The participation in the survey is compulsory.
Remarks Not applicable
3.2. Frequency of data collection
Reference dates
Data collection and publication is on a quarterly level, and the data represent an average from the three months in the reference quarter; reference dates: 15-th of each month in the reference quarter
3.3. Data collection
Brief description of the data collection method(s) Remarks
Data collection technique: web survey by E-Stat.  
3.4. Data validation

Data are validated in the subject-matter department. In order to improve the quality of the data, additional plausibility checks are applied during the processing of the data.

3.5. Data compilation
Brief description of the weighting method Weighting dimensions
No imputation is applied on item non-response or unit non-response. Horvitz-Thompson estimator is used for extrapolation, i.e. sampling weighting with a weight variable, which is equal to the inverse of the inclusion probability of a selected element. Adjustment for non-response is used for correction of the design weights. See first column
3.6. Adjustment

Due to the lack of long time series, it is not possible to apply the methods for seasonal adjustment.


4. Quality management Top
4.1. Quality assurance

See the document on quality policy: http://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/Politika_za_kvalitet_en.pdf

4.2. Quality management - assessment

Optional


5. Relevance Top
5.1. Relevance - User Needs
Description of the national users and their main needs Remarks
National users: government administration, other state institutions and media;

International users: Eurostat;

They are interested in the data from this survey for monitoring changes in the labour market, i.e. the number of vacant and occupied posts in the country.

 
5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Extent to which the needs of national users are satisfied (voluntary) Remarks
Not available  
5.3. Completeness
Description of missing variables and missing breakdowns of the variables Report progress on the implementation measures regarding quarterly job vacancies statistics of Regulation (EC) No 453/2008, including:

- a detailed plan and timetable for completing implementation

- a summary of the remaining deviations from EU concepts

There are no missing variables or breakdowns.  The Job Vacancy Survey collects information from enterprises with three and more employees and not as required from enterprises with one and more employees.
5.3.1. Data completeness - rate

100%


6. Accuracy and reliability Top
6.1. Accuracy - overall

Optional

6.2. Sampling error

See 6.2.1.

6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Coefficient of variation (taking into account the sampling design) or estimated sampling error for the number of job vacancies (see guidelines).
Coefficients of variations for job vacancies and occupied posts for 2022 (in %)

Number of occupied posts:

- Q1: 1.6

- Q2: 1.5

- Q3: 1.6

- Q4: 1.8

Number of job vacancies:

- Q1: 6.0

- Q2: 5.0

- Q3: 5.7

- Q4: 6.3

The computation of coefficients of variation were produced using PROC SURVEYMEANS.



Annexes:
cv2022
6.3. Non-sampling error
Information on variables with non-negligible measurement and processing errors Information on main sources of (non-negligible) measurement and processing errors and, if available, on methods applied for correction Estimation bias: An assessment of the non-sampling errors, in terms of the absolute number of vacant posts,  for the total number of job vacancies and, where possible, for aggregation level of NACE Rev. 2 specified in Annex 1 to this Regulation and size classes (1-9, 10 + employees). Remarks
Coverage errors are not significant and are not calculated. Not applicable Not applicable  
6.3.1. Coverage error
Description of any difference between the reference population and the study population Description of classification errors Description of any difference between the reference dates and the reference quarter Any other relevant information
Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable  
6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate

Optional

6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion

Optional

6.3.2. Measurement error

Testing of the questionnaire is done in E-Stat system each year.

Logical controls are built into the application, and during the data processing additional validation rules are performed.

The notifications to the business entity is sent by E-Stat system on specific dates.

6.3.3. Non response error

See 6.3.3.1.

6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Unit response rate
Unit non-response for 2022 by quarters:

- Q1: 44.3 %

- Q2: 45.5 %

- Q3: 44.6 %

- Q4: 47.3 % 

6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate

No item non-response

6.3.4. Processing error

See below

6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate
Item imputation rate and methods and, where possible, the effect of imputation on the estimates for the variables transmitted
Imputation is not needed, because there is no item-non-response. 
6.3.5. Model assumption error
If modelling is used, include a description of the models used. Particular emphasis should be given to models for imputation or grossing-up to correct for unit non-response.
Not applicable
6.4. Seasonal adjustment
Brief description of seasonal adjustment procedures, in particular with regard to the European Statistical System guidelines on seasonal adjustment which have been endorsed and supported by the SPC.
Due to the lack of long time series, it is not possible to apply the methods for seasonal adjustment.
6.5. Data revision - policy

See document: http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas_en.aspx?id=25

6.6. Data revision - practice
Provide a revision history, including the revisions in the published number of job vacancies and a summary of the reasons for the revisions.
So far there have been no revisions of any data and the indicator for average size of revisions is not available.
6.6.1. Data revision - average size

So far there have been no revisions of any data and the indicator for average size of revisions is not available.


7. Timeliness and punctuality Top
7.1. Timeliness

See below.

7.1.1. Time lag - first result
Information on the time span between the release of data at national level and the reference period of the data.
Data are published 60 days after the end of the reference quarter (T+60)
7.1.2. Time lag - final result

Data are published 60 days after the end of the reference quarter (T+60)

7.2. Punctuality

Data are published in full accordance with the time limits of the release calendar

7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Deadlines for the respondents to reply, also covering recalls and follow-ups Period of the fieldwork Period of data processing Dates of publication of first results Remarks
Example for data for reference quarter 2022 Q1 15.05.2022 11.04.-11.05.2022 10-30.05.2022 01.06.2022  


8. Coherence and comparability Top
8.1. Comparability - geographical
Information on differences between national and European concepts, and — to the extent possible — their effects on the estimation.
National and European concepts are the same. The SSO implemented the recommendations of the relevant European regulations and standards related to this survey, in terms of definitions and concepts, standard classifications, frequency, type of statistical unit, etc. However the survey collects information from enterprises with three and more employees and not from enterprises with one and more employees as required. Nevertheless, the results seem to be comparable with the data from other EU Member States.
8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient

Optional

8.2. Comparability - over time
Information on changes in definitions, coverage and methods in any two consecutive quarters, and their effects on the estimation. Remarks
JVS was implemented for the first time in 2012, and since then there have been no changes in definitions, concepts, scope, methods, standard classifications in any two consecutive quarters.  
8.2.1. Length of comparable time series

Optional

8.3. Coherence - cross domain
Comparisons of data on the number of vacant jobs from other relevant sources when available, in total and broken down by NACE at section level when relevant, and reasons if the values differ considerably.
 See annex below
8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

Optional

8.5. Coherence - National Accounts

Optional

8.6. Coherence - internal

Optional


9. Accessibility and clarity Top
9.1. Dissemination format - News release

The news releases on job vacancies are published for each quarter within a specified time and are available on our website: https://www.stat.gov.mk/pdf/2022/2.1.22.20_mk.pdf

9.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Dissemination scheme, including to whom the results are sent Periodicity of national publication References for publications of core results, including those with commentary in the form of text, graphs, maps, etc. Information on what results, if any, are sent to reporting units included in the sample
The information is published in a news release according to the Advance Release Calendar. Quarterly. The information which references for news release of core results are published on web site: https://www.stat.gov.mk/PrethodniSoopstenijaOblast_en.aspx?id=112&rbrObl=14 Not available 
9.3. Dissemination format - online database

See the document:PxWeb - Select table (stat.gov.mk)

9.3.1. Data tables - consultations

Links to the data tables with JVS:


Occupied posts and job vacancies by sectors of activities, NKD Rev.2, quarterly. PxWeb (stat.gov.mk)

Occupied posts and job vacancies by size of the enterprise, quarterly. PxWeb (stat.gov.mk)

Job vacancies by occupations, quarterly. PxWeb (stat.gov.mk)

Occupied posts and job vacancies by regions, quarterly. PxWeb (stat.gov.mk)

9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Access to micro data for research purposes can be obtained by completing and sending a request to the SSO, which is available on the website: http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas_en.aspx?id=22

9.5. Dissemination format - other

Optional

9.6. Documentation on methodology

The methodological explanations are available on the website of the State Statistical Office at the following link: http://www.stat.gov.mk/MetodoloskiObjasSoop_en.aspx?id=112&rbrObl=14

9.7. Quality management - documentation
Description of and references for metadata provided References for core methodological documents relating to the statistics provided Description of main actions carried out by the national statistical services to inform users about the data Remarks
ESMS reference metadata are avaliable on website: http://www.stat.gov.mk A description of the methodology and definitions is published on the website: http://www.stat.gov.mk/MetodoloskiObjasSoop_en.aspx?id=112&rbrObl=14 Not applicable  
9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate

Optional

9.7.2. Metadata - consultations

Optional


10. Cost and Burden Top

Optional


11. Confidentiality Top
11.1. Confidentiality - policy

Collected data represent individual statistical data and they are protected by the Law on State Statistics (Official Gazette No. 54/97, 21/07, 51/11, 104/13, 42/14, 192/15, 27/16, 83/18, 220/18 and 31/20), which imposes an obligation to protect data in the phase of collection, processing, data storage and destruction within the prescribed time limits.

11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Disclosure rules: Brief description of when data have to be deleted for reasons of confidentiality
Not available


12. Comment Top
Special remarks
None.


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top