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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Ministry for Health |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Health Information & Research Directorate |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Directorate for Health Information and Research, 95, Telghet Gwardamangia, Gwardamangia Malta |
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2.1. Data description | |||
Health care expenditure quantifies the economic resources dedicated to health functions, excluding capital investment. Healthcare expenditure concerns itself primarily with healthcare goods and services that are consumed by resident units, irrespective of where that consumption takes place (it may be in the rest of the world) or who is paying for it. As such, exports of healthcare goods and services (to non-resident units) are excluded, whereas imports of healthcare goods and services for final use are included. It provides a set of revised classifications of health care functions, providers of health care goods and services and financing schemes. The SHA is currently used as a basis for a joint data collection by OECD, Eurostat and WHO on health care expenditure. The manual sets out in more detail the boundaries, the definitions and the concepts of health accounting – responding to health care systems around the globe with very different organisational and financing arrangements. Accounting period: Health expenditure and financing data pertain to the calendar year (1 January to 31 December). |
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2.2. Classification system | |||
Healthcare expenditure is recorded in relation to the international classification for health accounts (ICHA) defining:
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2.3. Coverage - sector | |||
1. Household individual consumption on health, including the collective consumption with two exceptions: |
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2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
SHA concept is the consumption of health care goods and services. Summary tables provide data on:
Cross-classification tables refer to:
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2.5. Statistical unit | |||
Commission Regulation 2015/359 concerns the collection of data on "current expenditure on healthcare" which is defined as the "final consumption expenditure of resident units on health care goods and services". |
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2.6. Statistical population | |||
SHA focuses on the consumption of health care goods and services by the resident population irrespective of where this takes place. This implies the inclusion of imports (from non-resident providers) and the exclusion of exports (health care goods and services provided to non-residents). |
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2.7. Reference area | |||
The data aims at providing a complete overview of expenditure on health care goods and services consumption of services and goods by the resident population on the national territory of a country. |
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2.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Detailed data based on SHA 2011 is available for the reference years 2014 and 2015. At the time of submitting this quality report, the data for the reference years 2016 and 2017 are being analysed by Eurostat. |
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2.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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3.1. Source data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Several data sources are used (as of data notification in March 2018): - Surveys/census: 1 - Public administrative records: 0 - Financial reports: 2 - Other: 0
Surveys/censuses
Financial reports
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3.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annual. |
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3.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data are collected through the joint health accounts questionnaire (JHAQ) that countries submit to Eurostat during the annual data collection exercise. There is a voluntary deadline to send the JHAQ questionnaire for the calendar year T by the 31st of March T+2. The joint health accounts questionnaire (JHAQ) is coordinated in agreement with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These three international organisations are known collectively as the International Health Accounts Team (IHAT). Countries submit data to Eurostat on the basis of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/359 of 4 March 2015 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards statistics on healthcare expenditure and financing. |
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3.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 2018 JHAQ includes a number of features which allow national data correspondents to perform various quality checks before submitting the data. The embedded programmes allow the verification of:
2- Consistency of the data within tables,
Entries in the tables cannot be negative as they refer to the consumption of goods and services.
The atypical entries check provides information whether the data tables contain values in cells which are – if at all – only reported by very few countries and are thus atypical for health accounting.
3- The growth rates against the previous year and the magnitude of revisions as compared to previously submitted data. Results are grouped into three different categories:
4- In addition to the validation process described above, the local coordinating unit responsible for collating the data, carries out various exercises and analyses to ensure consistency and accuracy of the data provided by the different entities forming part of the Ministry for Health. One to one meetings are organised with respective entities and the provided data is discussed, to detect possible one-offs items. Data is also analysed by studying trends, growth patterns and outlier entries. An external consultant specialized in Health Economics, is engaged by the Ministry to analyse the data at macro-level. |
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3.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SHA data is compiled both by a bottom-up approach as well as by a top-down approach, depending on the funding source. Compilation is done by financing schemes and by different health care functions/task areas. The results of the several calculations are then aggregated. To gain the differentiation between the different SHA-dimensions (especially HC and HP) quotas and pro-rating and utilisation keys are applied on some spending items. For some spending items it is necessary to extra-/intrapolate data as there is no up-to-date data available or data is missing for certain years. For some other spending items, estimation methods have to be applied. In other instances, data is apportioned between cost centres/departments based on available information within the particular institutions.
Several methods are normally used for estimations:
Data compilation for private health care expenditure: HCxHF: Data is provided by the National Health accounts to come up with the respective apportionments for out of pocket expenditure and voluntary health care insurance expenditure. HCxHP: The total private health expenditure information is obtained from the data for private hospitals according to the NACE categories. The sub-components are calculated on the basis of information provided by the private hospitals on bed days and type of expenditure. HPxFP: The apportionment is based on the basis of ratios obtained from expenditure patterns within the public hospital sector for the various FP components. |
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3.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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4.1. Quality assurance | |||
Authorities responsible for SHA data collection are working to ensure that the statistical practices used to compile national health accounts are in compliance with SHA methodological requirements and that good practices in the field are being followed, according to the methodology underlined in the SHA 2011 Manual and European Statistics Code of Practice respecting professional independence of the statistical authorities. Procedures are in place to plan and monitor the quality of the health care expenditure statistical production process. Data is collected through a web-based collation system which has inbuilt checks and balances to ensure that data is validated at source, and ends up at Head Office already filtered and ready for use for consolidation purpose. Each Financial Controller of the different entities forming part of the Ministry for Health is responsible for the collation and compilation for the data inputed by his/her entity. Each entity is obliged to follow the SHA 2011 methodology. Regular meetings are organised between Head Office, the Health Information & Research Directorate and the respective entities, particularly with Mater Dei Hospital being the main provider of healthcare in Malta. In cases of particular clarifications provided by Eurostat, these are disseminated back to each entity by the Head Office. Once consolidation is finalized, data is checked by Head Office and reviewed by an external consultant. Following the go ahead by the Director General of Finance and Director of the Health Information & Research Directorate, the SHA file is uploaded via eDAMIS portal. |
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4.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Data is based from already audited financial information or data available from the system used by the Treasury Department. This serves to ensure that the main items of expenditure are reliable and not subject to assumptions or subjective evaluations. Following recent meetings with Eurostat, it is planned that Malta conducts a reconciliation exercise between SHA and National Accounts. |
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5.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
International European Commission; EU Institutions; International Organisations.
National Ministry for Health Top Management; Other Ministries; Consultants in Public Health; Social Partners (ex. MCESD); Academic Institutions; General Public; Non-Governmental Organisations.
Due to the small size of the country, in case of particular needs from entities not satisfied by the data published on the SHA tables, the Ministry for Health will discuss particular needs and provide the data accordingly (outside the scope of SHA). |
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5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
At the moment no user satisfaction surveys are done on the SHA. |
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5.3. Completeness | |||
Malta is providing almost all the compulsory data stipulated by the Commission Regulation 2015/359, relevant to the healthcare system that exists in the country. There is a deviation in the supplementary table (not required by the Commission Regulation) on capital formation in which the Ministry is not reporting the gross fixed capital formation but only the capital expenditure incurred during the year. |
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5.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Around 80 % of compulsory variables have been provided. |
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6.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
As regards public health expenditure the Directorate is confident that data provided is in general accurate, since the main variables are sourced from financial reporting of our entities. As regards other variables, since assumptions have to be made, the accuracy of the figures provided may be affected. |
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6.2. Sampling error | |||
As regards public expenditure no sampling is done. As regards private expenditure data given that is based on national accounts data, which is in turn based on administrative data and the Household Budgetary Survey (HBS). The data within the private expenditure component is subject to any sampling errors within the source of the data, i.e. the HBS primarily. |
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6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.1. Coverage error | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.2. Measurement error | |||
We are not aware of any measurement errors. |
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6.3.3. Non response error | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.4. Processing error | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
The disaggregation within the private sector data is based on information obtained from the main private sector provided of health care services (such provider accounts for around 70% of the total private sector provision of health care). |
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6.4. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.5. Data revision - policy | |||
The SHA submissions covering financial years 2014 and 2015 were amended as per recommendations and feedback received from Eurostat. SHA data submitted for reference years 2016 and 2017 are being analysed by Eurostat under the 2019 data collection exercise. |
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6.6. Data revision - practice | |||
The SHA submissions covering financial years 2014 and 2015 (submitted on 22nd Jan 2019) were amended as per recommendations and feedback received from Eurostat. |
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6.6.1. Data revision - average size | |||
In the original SHA submissions, out-of-pocket expenditure was not included. Eventually, following discussions with Eurostat, this material amount of expenditure was included in the final submissions for reference years 2014 and 2015. The submissions for the reference years 2016 and 2017 were included in the first submission. |
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Official public health expenditure is available after three months from the end of financial year. The private health expenditure data is available with a lag of at least 1 year. |
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7.1. Timeliness | |||
Member States are required to transmit their data to Eurostat in compliance with the Commission Regulation 359/2015 transmission deadlines. |
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7.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
Approval of extensions were obtained from Eurostat following a justified request from the Ministry for Health. |
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7.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Data for reference years 2014 and 2015 were accepted as final for publication by Eurostat on 4th March 2019. |
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7.2. Punctuality | |||
A number of reasons were behind the lack of punctuality, especially regarding the financial year 2014. These were mainly related to lack of human resources and systems to collate data from differenct sources. There were also a number of new top financial officers in different entities, responsible for the collation of data. |
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7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Unless there were no extraordinary events, (such as IT issues etc) the Directorate did the utmost to respect the extensions granted by Eurostat. |
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8.1. Comparability - geographical | ||||||||
Not applicable at national level. |
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8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | ||||||||
Not applicable. |
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8.2. Comparability - over time | ||||||||
The data available covers 2014 and 2015. Thus, no comparison with previous SHA submission was possible. However, in both cases the public health expenditure was analysed against information published by Malta' Treasury Department to ensure that the overall figure is in line with previous available data. |
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8.2.1. Length of comparable time series | ||||||||
Not applicable. |
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8.3. Coherence - cross domain | ||||||||
It is planned that the private health expenditure provided in SHA will be reconciled to other statistics collated by Malta's National Statistics Office. |
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8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | ||||||||
Not applicable. |
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8.5. Coherence - National Accounts | ||||||||
It is planned that the private health expenditure provided in SHA will be reconciled to other statistics collated by Malta's National Statistics Office. |
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8.6. Coherence - internal | ||||||||
Atypical entries
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9.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
No press released is issued. |
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9.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
No press released is issued. |
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9.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
No online database is available. |
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9.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
Not applicable. |
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9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable. |
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9.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Not applicable. |
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9.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Not applicable. |
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9.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Such documentation is not available. |
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9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
Almost all the metadata information requested is provided. |
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9.7.2. Metadata - consultations | |||
The metadata file is not available to the public. |
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Restricted from publication. |
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11.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
The Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recitals 23-27, 31-32 and Articles 20-26) applies. |
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11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Not applicable since data is not yet being published by the Ministry for Health. Data is only available through Eurostat. Consequently, the Eurostat confidentiality policy applies. |
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None. |
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