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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Swiss Federal Statistical Office (FSO) |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Section Health Services
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1.5. Contact mail address | Espace de l'Europe 10 2010 Neuchâtel |
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2.1. Data description | |||
Health care expenditure quantifies the economic resources dedicated to health functions, excluding capital investment. Healthcare expenditure concerns itself primarily with healthcare goods and services that are consumed by resident units, irrespective of where that consumption takes place (it may be in the rest of the world) or who is paying for it. As such, exports of healthcare goods and services (to non-resident units) are excluded, whereas imports of healthcare goods and services for final use are included. It provides a set of revised classifications of health care functions, providers of health care goods and services and financing schemes. The SHA is currently used as a basis for a joint data collection by OECD, Eurostat and WHO on health care expenditure. The manual sets out in more detail the boundaries, the definitions and the concepts of health accounting – responding to health care systems around the globe with very different organisational and financing arrangements. Accounting period: Health expenditure and financing data pertain to the calendar year (1 January to 31 December). |
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2.2. Classification system | |||
Healthcare expenditure is recorded in relation to the international classification for health accounts (ICHA) defining:
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2.3. Coverage - sector | |||
1. Household individual consumption on health, including the collective consumption with two exceptions: |
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2.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
SHA concept is the consumption of health care goods and services. Summary tables provide data on:
Cross-classification tables refer to:
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2.5. Statistical unit | |||
Commission Regulation 2015/359 concerns the collection of data on "current expenditure on healthcare" which is defined as the "final consumption expenditure of resident units on health care goods and services". |
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2.6. Statistical population | |||
SHA focuses on the consumption of health care goods and services by the resident population irrespective of where this takes place. This implies the inclusion of imports (from non-resident providers) and the exclusion of exports (health care goods and services provided to non-residents). |
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2.7. Reference area | |||
The data aims at providing a complete overview of expenditure on health care goods and services consumption of services and goods by the resident population on the national territory of a country. |
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2.8. Coverage - Time | |||
SHA 2011 Data is calculated for the three dimensions of providers, functions and financing with fine granularity from 2010 until today. SHA 2011 Data is retropolated with fine granularity for financing and wider granularity for providers and functions from 1995 to 2009. SHA 2011 Data is retropolated for providers with raw granularity from 1985 to 1994. SHA 2011 Data is retropolated for providers with very raw granularity from 1960 to 1984. |
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2.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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3.1. Source data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Several data sources are used (as of data notification in March 2018): - Surveys/census: 7 - Public administrative records: 7 - Financial reports: 2 - Other: 0
Surveys/censuses
Public administrative records
Financial reports
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3.2. Frequency of data collection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Annual. |
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3.3. Data collection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data are collected through the joint health accounts questionnaire (JHAQ) that countries submit to Eurostat during the annual data collection exercise. There is a voluntary deadline to send the JHAQ questionnaire for the calendar year T by the 31st of March T+2. The joint health accounts questionnaire (JHAQ) is coordinated in agreement with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These three international organisations are known collectively as the International Health Accounts Team (IHAT). Countries submit data to Eurostat on the basis of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/359 of 4 March 2015 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1338/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards statistics on healthcare expenditure and financing. |
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3.4. Data validation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The 2018 JHAQ includes a number of features which allow national data correspondents to perform various quality checks before submitting the data. The embedded programmes allow the verification of:
2- Consistency of the data within tables,
Entries in the tables cannot be negative as they refer to the consumption of goods and services.
The atypical entries check provides information whether the data tables contain values in cells which are – if at all – only reported by very few countries and are thus atypical for health accounting.
3- The growth rates against the previous year and the magnitude of revisions as compared to previously submitted data. Results are grouped into three different categories:
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3.5. Data compilation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SHA data is compiled both by a bottom-up approach as well as by a top-down approach, depending on the data source. Compilation is done by financing schemes and by different health care functions/task areas. The results of the several calculations are then aggregated. To gain the differentiation between the different SHA-dimensions (especially HC and HP) quotas and pro-rating and utilisation keys are applied on some spending items. For some spending items it is necessary to extra-/intrapolate data as there is no up-to-date data available or data is missing for certain years. For some other spending items, estimation methods have to be applied.
Several methods are normally used for estimations:
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3.6. Adjustment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted from publication |
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4.1. Quality assurance | |||
Authorities responsible for SHA data collection are working to ensure that the statistical practices used to compile national health accounts are in compliance with SHA methodological requirements and that good practices in the field are being followed, according to the methodology underlined in the SHA 2011 Manual and European Statistics Code of Practice respecting professional independence of the statistical authorities. Procedures are in place to plan and monitor the quality of the health care expenditure statistical production process. |
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4.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Quality issues mainly arise from the use of extrapolations, because source data is not available. This pertains mainly to: - doctors (this issue will be resolved in the delivery starting in spring 2020) - homes for handicapped people and substance abuse (new issue since 2015, source statistics has been cancelled) - other ambulatory providerd - providers of ambulatory care. |
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5.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The statistics is used by: - health care stakeholders (insurances, hospitals, providers of ambulatory care), - the federal government, especially for several policy indicators and for the reply to questions from the parlament - the cantonal (regional governments) - the general public in order to assess the the cost burden of health - by researchers. |
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5.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
The FSO is in dialogue with stakeholders and receives feedback and questions from them. No systematic surveys are done, however. |
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5.3. Completeness | |||
Source data is partly incomplete and has to be estimated (see 5.3.1). |
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5.3.1. Data completeness - rate | |||
Source data is incomplete and has to be estimated for: - medical practices (new survey available for 2018), homes for disabled and substance-abusing (since 2016), psychologists, physiotherapists, ergotherapists, logopaedists, chiropracticians, midwifes, pendulary migration for home health care - ventilation of financing by private insurers according to providers/functions - homes for handicapped people and substance abuse (statistics was cancelled). |
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6.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Overall accuracy is sufficient. |
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6.2. Sampling error | |||
- ventilation of accident insurance data to providers and functions is only covering the public accident insurers (60%), not the private insurers. - sample data for dentist practices covers only the German speaking area (about 65% of the country). |
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6.2.1. Sampling error - indicators | |||
No information available. |
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6.3. Non-sampling error | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.1. Coverage error | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.3.1.2. Common units - proportion | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.2. Measurement error | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.3. Non response error | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.4. Processing error | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.4.1. Imputation - rate | |||
No information available. |
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6.3.5. Model assumption error | |||
No information available. |
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6.4. Seasonal adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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6.5. Data revision - policy | |||
No general revision policy, but an established routine of two practices. Firstly, publication of provisional data in spring and revised definitive data in autumn, and secondly, punctual revision of sources and methods if data quality makes it neccessary. |
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6.6. Data revision - practice | |||
Data 2010-2015 has been completely revised. Older values have been retropolated based on growth rates in the old model. |
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6.6.1. Data revision - average size | |||
No information available. |
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7.1. Timeliness | |||
Member States are required to transmit their data to Eurostat in compliance with the Commission Regulation 359/2015 transmission deadlines. |
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7.1.1. Time lag - first result | |||
First data is published nationally in April/May of the year T+2. |
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7.1.2. Time lag - final result | |||
Final data is published nationally in October of the year T+2. |
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7.2. Punctuality | |||
Provisional data for April was postponed to June due to illness. Definitive data was punctual. |
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7.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication | |||
Provisional data for April was postponed to June due to illness. Definitive data was punctual. |
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8.1. Comparability - geographical | |||||||||
Not applicable at national level. |
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8.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient | |||||||||
Not applicable. |
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8.2. Comparability - over time | |||||||||
Breaks in time series resulting from methodological changes
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8.2.1. Length of comparable time series | |||||||||
SHA 2011 Data is calculated for the three dimensions of providers, functions and financing with fine granularity from 2010 until today. SHA 2011 Data is retropolated with fine granularity for financing and wider granularity for providers and functions from 1995 to 2009. SHA 2011 Data is retropolated for providers with raw granularity from 1985 to 1994. SHA 2011 Data is retropolated for proversider with very raw granularity from 1960 to 1984. |
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8.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||||||||
Coherence with ESSPROS is not guaranteed, though some data from Health Accounts is used for ESSPROS. |
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8.4. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics | |||||||||
Not applicable. |
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8.5. Coherence - National Accounts | |||||||||
Coherence with National Accounts is not guaranteed, though some data from Health Accounts is used for National Accounts. |
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8.6. Coherence - internal | |||||||||
Atypical entries:
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9.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Regular press release in April/May of the year T+2. |
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9.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Currently no regular publications/commentaries. |
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9.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Data is provided with an extensive set of standard tables, additional information is given upon request. |
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9.3.1. Data tables - consultations | |||
No information available. |
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9.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable. |
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9.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
No information available. |
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9.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
A methodological report was compiled concering the last revision in 2017 |
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9.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
A methodological report for the statistic has been published in 2017 following the last revision of the statistics. A handbook for producing the statistics, which shall be as well open to the public, shall be developed soon. |
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9.7.1. Metadata completeness - rate | |||
No information available. |
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9.7.2. Metadata - consultations | |||
No information available. |
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No specific burden on individual respondents, since only existing surveys are used. |
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11.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
The Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recitals 23-27, 31-32 and Articles 20-26) applies. |
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11.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Data is treated only within the FSO, section Health Care services. Source data is only given away if the original owner of the dataset has agreed on it. |
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In 2017 national data have been revised and fully recalculated, starting with data from 2010. Values from 1995 to 2009 have been retropolated, albeit with a less detailed data granularity. The continuity with the international classification is guaranteed. The new national model includes negative values since outpatient hospital treatment incurs losses. For the international classification those negative values were eliminated by modifying the values in the HC classification. Provisional revised figures for the years 2010 to 2015 were reported in March 2017. Definitive figures for the years 2010 to 2015 with some minor adaptions have been published nationally in October 2017. Most notably, inpatient medication in hospitals is reported as well as pendulary migration. Minor coding errors of the provisional figures have as well been corrected. |
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