1.1. Contact organisation
Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union
National Statistical Institute (Spain)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Social Statistic Department, Health Unit ( INE, Spain)
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Avenida de Manoteras 50-52, Edificio Albor28050 Madrid
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
17 February 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
17 February 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
17 February 2025
3.1. Data description
Data on causes of death (CoD) provide information on mortality patterns and form a major element of public health information.
CoD data refer to the underlying cause which - according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) - is "the disease or injury which initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury".
CoD data are derived from death certificates. The information provided in the medical certificate of cause of death is mapped to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD).
In case of deaths with judicial intervention the information is provided by the forensic report.
3.2. Classification system
Eurostat's CoD statistics build on standards set out by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD).
The regional breakdown is based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS 2).
Classification and updates applied by years
| Data year | ICD classification used (ICD-9, ICD-10) (3 or 4 chars) | For ICD-10: updates used |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2011 |
| 2012 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2012 |
| 2013 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2013 |
| 2014 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2014 |
| 2015 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2015 |
| 2016 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2016 |
| 2017 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2017 |
| 2018 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2018 |
| 2019 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2019 |
| 2020 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2020 |
| 2021 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2021 |
| 2022 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2022 |
| 2023 | ICD-10 (4 chars) | 2023 |
3.3. Coverage - sector
Public Health.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Concepts and definitions are described in the Commission regulation (EU) No 328/2011 in articles 2 and 3.
3.4.1. National definition used for usual residency
The definition of usual residency used in Spain for Causes of Death Statistics is the residency declared on the medical death certificate. The information is provided by a relative and it cannot be checked with any Spanish administrative source for legal constraints.
3.4.2. Stillbirth definition and characteristics collected
Stillbirth is the death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction of a viable product of conception from its mother. The foetus is viable when the weight is at least 500gr or has a gestational age of at least 22 weeks.
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical units are the deceased persons and the stillborns, respectively.
3.6. Statistical population
Deaths that occurs in the country.
3.6.1. Neonates of non-resident mothers
Neonatals of non-resident mothers are not considered residents.
3.6.2. Non-residents
We include non-resident deaths in the spanish national statistic.The Statistic on Causes of death includes all deaths happening in national territory regardless of the deceased´s residency.
3.6.3. Residents dying abroad
Spanish statistic on causes of death does not include residents dying abroad.
3.7. Reference area
The measured statistical phenomenon relates to all national territory.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Time series available from 1994 onwards.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
The unit is number.
Data refer to the calendar year (i.e. all deaths occurring during the year).
The last reference year available is 2023
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
CoD data was submitted to Eurostat on the basis of a gentleman's agreement established in the framework Eurostat's Working Group on "Public Health Statistics" until data with reference year 2010.
A Regulation on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work (EC) No 1338/2008 was signed by the European Parliament and the Council on 16 December 2008. This Regulation is the framework of the data collection on the domain.
Within the context of this framework Regulation, a Regulation on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work, as regards statistics on causes of death (EU) No 328/2011 was signed by the European Parliament and the Council on 5 April 2011.
CoD data according to this regulation is submitted to Eurostat since reference year 2011.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Data from Spanish Statistics Causes of Death are shared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) after a formal request. Some data are shared with OECD too.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
The tables published in the NSI website consider classification variables that don´t allow the identification of a register. Five age groups are considered in the tables. From 0 to 4 the information is sometimes presented year by year but only at nacional level,so the confidentialiality is guaranteed.
8.1. Release calendar
Data referring to year t are released in December year t+1 in the INE website.
The need of the information on 2020 deaths due to the pandemic situation changed the calendar for the availabilty of 2020 data. Provisional data referring to January-May 2020 were realeased in NSI web site in December 2020 and definitive 2020 data ( whole year) were realeased in NSI web site in November 2021.
From December 2022 onwards, provisional data for the first half of year t are published in December year t in the INE website and provisional data for year t are published in June year t+1.
8.2. Release calendar access
The release calendar is available at the beggining of the year at the INE website.
8.3. Release policy - user access
The data realise policy for the statistics on causes of death data is the same as the general data realise policy for any structural statistic. ( The publication month is announced at the beggining of the year).
The channels to inform the users:
- Calendar published at the beggining of the year
- Press release
- Tables at the INEwebsite
- Metadata at the INE website
Annual for final data. Half-yearly for provisional data.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Together with the annual publication of the data, a press release is published with the main results. The press release can be found on our website (provisional data for the first half of 2024).
Apart from the press release some infographics are pubished together with the data:
Infographic showing Daily deaths by place of occurence and sex
Infographic showing Top 15 causes of death in Spain
In 2023 a report called "Causes of death two years after the start of the pandemic" was also published.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
The data of the statistics on Causes on death are released annually. Provisional data are published biannually. We publish a set of tables at national level and at regional level with different variables of classification (age group, sex, high level of education, place of residence...).
Apart from information on underlying cause of death we include some tables with information on multiple causes of death.
These tables can be found on INE website.
Some infographics are published together with the data too. In 2023 a report called "Causes of death two years after the start of the pandemic" was also published.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Both the press release and the tables can be found on INE website.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
| The information below provides the number of consultation of tables on CoD in 2019 and in 20210. | All | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 689806 | 25847 | 39760 | 115793 | 115843 | 73946 | 34531 | 25619 | 43092 | 43791 | 54134 | 52879 | 64571 |
| 2021 | 634512 | 91479 | 57083 | 51472 | 27684 | 34697 | 32984 | 27091 | 32723 | 41229 | 47625 | 80241 | 110204 |
| 2022 | 596781 | 137275 | 75815 | 45282 | 40108 | 36027 | 31814 | 25132 | 27069 | 38164 | 51930 | 43445 | 44720 |
| 2023 | 580776 | 55041 | 45175 | 46534 | 38371 | 49354 | 42146 | 34122 | 31205 | 43720 | 53171 | 49717 | 92220 |
| 2024 | 80243 | 58960 | 51073 | 52097 | 49938 | 47618 |
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
The microdata of causes of death statistics can be provided to users when they justify the need of the microdata. They have to inform about the study/project for which the microdata on causes of death are needed.
In case it is duly justified, they must sign a confidentiality compromise. The variable of place of occurrence and the variable of place of residence are only provided when the number of inhabitants is superior to 10.000 in order to guarantee the confidentiality.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Together with the main tables and the press release that are published on the INE website, a dynamic infographic is published with the most frequent causes of death at national and regional level.
In 2023 a report called "Causes of death two years after the start of the pandemic" was also published.
Apart from the data provided at the INE website the information is published at regional level in the oficial web site of the institutions involved in the statistic. (Regional Statistical Offices)
Users and experts disseminate data through different articles in scientific magazines.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
| The information below provides the number of consultation of standardised methodological reports on CoD in 2019 and in 2021. | All | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 3599 | 176 | 173 | 234 | 342 | 292 | 425 | 496 | 358 | 364 | 235 | 215 | 289 |
| 2021 | 2709 | 358 | 245 | 306 | 92 | 135 | 222 | 106 | 58 | 118 | 368 | 359 | 342 |
| 2022 | 3148 | 187 | 272 | 322 | 180 | 240 | 332 | 374 | 136 | 198 | 304 | 244 | 359 |
| 2023 | 3808 | 315 | 187 | 241 | 155 | 242 | 215 | 272 | 242 | 288 | 644 | 539 | 468 |
10.6. Documentation on methodology
At national level the methology and the metadata are available together with the tables on the INE website.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
100%.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
The methology mentioned in previous points that is publised together with the data is enough complete.
11.1. Quality assurance
The team responsible for the Statistics on causes of death in Spain is a steady team with great experience that ensures quality in all process.
Many efforts at national level from the medical sector are made to garantee physicians to complete correctly the death certificates. IRIS automatic codification is used for all Regional Mortality Registers in order to garantee the quality and the comparability. The information received is continuously revise with validation rules and comparing with previous years in other to detect any problem as soon as possible.
The direct contact with users (Health administrations, researchers...) helps to receive their feedback in terms of quality, in general, they express their satisfaction for the high level of quality of the information provided.
The recent improvement is the inclusion of the forensics in the information circuit. They provide directly the infomation of deaths with judicial intervention using a software provided by National Stistical Institute.
First stepts are being taking to implement e-death certificate, it will be a quality gain.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
There has not been any quality assessment in the recent years. The assessment is continous.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The Statistic on causes of death is highly demanded in our country: Ministry of Health, Regional Health Administrations, Researches, Students, Journalists...
Apart from Eurostat we send data to international organizations such as OECD and WHO.
The Ministry of Health need the information of relevant indicators for Public Health interest. The information required by researchers is based on the project they are working on. Journalists demand information of interest at the moment in which they make the request.
If there is no confidentiality issues all the information demanded by users are provided by the NSI. The variables provided are the strictly neccesary for their needs.
The demand has considerably increased with the pandemic situation.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
We maintain fluid communication with users, we received their feedback constantly.
12.3. Completeness
The Statistics on Causes of death is compulsory, it is included in the National Statistical Plan.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
1. For mandatory variables:
All mandatory variables are sent to Eurostat
2. For voluntary variables:
100%
3. For additional variables:
- External CoD: 100%
- Place of occurrence for external CoD: 100% (69,0% with a code other than 9 (unspecified place)).
- Activity for external CoD
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The procedures of data collection, coverage control and revision of the errors guarantee the accuracy.
The statistic on causes of death is based on the information declared on the death certificates by physicians. For legal reasons, all deaths must be register in the Civil Register. This fact guarantees the coverage. The coverage control is carried out by the provincial delegation of National Statistical Institute.
The use of validation rules, both errors and warnings, allows to analyze the quality of the data. The codification is carried out by experts from the Regional Mortality Registers. These experts usually contact with physician in order to improve or clarify the information written on the death certificate. As consequence the information is more accurate.
Deaths with Judicial intervention are informed by the Ministry of Justice from the forensic report. From 2020 deaths this information is provided directly from the forensics, improving the accuracy in these cases.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable. Data collection is from administrative sources.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Non-sampling error such as demographic variables are solved using the data of the Population Register. In case of medical errors or missing information we try to contact with physicians or check personal clinical histories.
13.3.1. Coverage error
For legal reasons, all deaths must be register in the Civil Register. This fact guarantees the coverage. The coverage control is carry out by the provincial delegation of National Statistical Institute.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
There is no over-coverage.
There is no under-coverage sauf some weird exception, when the Civil Register send the death certificate very late and the Civil Register is not computerized.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not applicable. Data collection is from administrative sources.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Possible errors related with demographic variables can be recorded. These kind of errors are validated and corrected by NSI with Population Register information.
In case of missing information from medical part, Physician are contacted in other to complete the information on causes of death.
13.3.3. Non response error
The non response error is minimun. In such cases, we try to recover the information through the physicians, the hospital or other data bases
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The number of units from which it is not possible to obtain the underlying cause of death is 0.84%.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
The number of units from which it is not possible to obtain the underlying cause of death is 0.84%.
In this statistic, unit non-response is the same as item non-responde
13.3.4. Processing error
Processing error are not significant.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
| Year | Number of months between the end of the reference year and the publication at national level |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 14 months |
| 2012 | 14 months |
| 2013 | 14 months |
| 2014 | 15 months |
| 2015 | 14 months |
| 2016 | 12 months |
| 2017 | 12 months |
| 2018 | 12 months |
| 2019 | 16 months |
| 2020 | 11 months |
| 2021 | 12 months |
| 2022 | 12 months |
| 2023 | 12 months |
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality
From data collection with reference year 2011 onwards, Eurostat asks for the submission of final data at national and regional level and related metadata for the year N at N+24 months, according to the Implementing Regulation (EC) No. 328/2011, Article 4.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
| Reference year | Time between the end of the reference year and the delivery of final data to Eurostat |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 15 months |
| 2012 | 15 months |
| 2013 | 15 months |
| 2014 | 16 months |
| 2015 | 15 months |
| 2016 | 14 months |
| 2017 | 14 months |
| 2018 | 14 months |
| 2019 | 17 months |
| 2020 | 11 months |
| 2021 | 13 months |
| 2022 | 13 months |
| 2023 | 12 months |
15.1. Comparability - geographical
There is no problem of comparability between the regions in Spain. The reason is that NSI coordinates the statistic in the whole country providing the same guidelines and IT tools to all the regions.
For example, the NSI is the reponsible for the IRIS dictionary updates to garantee the comparability. All regions use the IT tools provided by NSI for data transmition, these tools include validation rules .
We have a forum integrating all Regional Mortality Resisters in which complicated cases that IRIS cannot solve are discuss to come to an agreement in the codification in other to garantee the comparability.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
Apart from the ICD uptates that have influences in the comparability of the data, other issue is the change from manual codification to automatic codification IRIS. However, the bridge coding study carried out highlighted that the comparabily continued.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The time series of the Statistic on causes of death are comparable for the Underlying Cause of death when they are related to the same ICD clasification.
The Spanish NSI have data from 1900 always referred to internacional classifications. That means that for some causes of death the length of the series is 120 years (annual data).
However, from the avalaibility of the data (1900) there have been several revisions of the ICD.
The ICD versions used for the last years have been:
From 1968 to 1979 with ICD 8
From 1980 to 1998 with ICD 9
From 1999 with ICD 10
That means that the length of comparable time series with 4-digit codes is 25 years taking into account that from 1999 we are using ICD 10
However, taking into account the reduced list with aggregation of data and the equivalence between ICD 9 and ICD 10 it is possible to build comparable time series from 1980 (the lenght would be 44 years).
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
The coherence with demographic data is complete due to the fact that we work in a coordinated way.
We check information from the following datasets to confirm the coherence: Hospital Morbidity Survey, Mortal victims from General Traffic Department.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable, only annual data are available.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
There are no inconsistencies.
The statistical on causes of death is a complex statistic which involves several institutions and staff in the whole country. The cost and burden is reducing with the introdution of IT tool in every phase of the project.
Although we use paper death certificate, we use Optical Recognition System to get the information provided by doctors in the certificate. The information of deaths with judical intervention are provided by forensics through a IT tool developped by the NSI.
The use of the automatic codification IRIS reduces the burden although the more difficult cases must be codified manually. IT tools are used for the detection of errors.
17.1. Data revision - policy
No data revision policy.
17.2. Data revision - practice
No data revision practice.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not applicable.
18.1. Source data
The raw statistical data used for compiling statistical aggregates comes from the death certificates provided by physicians, excepting the cases with external causes of death which are informed by a judge through the web death bulletin with judicial intervention. From 2020 the deaths with judicial intervention are informed directly by forensics using a NSI sofware.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
NSI receive the death certificates monthly. In the cases of deaths with judicial intervention, we received the information daily, when the court fill in the web death bulletin or the forensic records the death in the software to send the information to the NSI.
18.3. Data collection
Data are recovered from paper death certificates using Optical Recognition to get electronically the information.
Death with judicial intervention are reported using a NSI website.
IRIS is used to coding.
18.3.1. Certification
Table on certification (Percentage)
| Year |
All doctors (certifiers) trained in the certification | All doctors (certifiers - pathologists or others doctors) trained in the post-mortem examination (autopsies) | Certificates filled by persons who attended a course on certification or post-mortem examination | Death certificates that are queried (only queries related to medical part of the death certificate should be included) | Replies received for queries sent | Deaths where the underlying cause is changed as a result of the query | Death certificates with incorrect sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 4.97% | 4.97% | 4.97% | Not available |
| 2012 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 5.27% | 5.27% | 5.27% | Not available |
| 2013 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 9.55% | 9.55% | 9.55% | Not available |
| 2014 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 11.93% | 11.93% | 11.93% | Not available |
| 2015 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 7.83% | 7.83% | 7.83% | Not available |
| 2016 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 4.39% | 4.39% | 4.39% | Not available |
| 2017 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 8.47% | 8.47% | 8.47% | Not available |
| 2018 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 10.64% | 10.64% | 10.64% | Not available |
| 2019 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 9.50% | 9.50% | 9.50% | Not available |
| 2020 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 6,42% | 6,42% | 6,42% | Not available |
| 2021 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 6.79% | 6.79% | 6.79% | Not available |
| 2022 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 7.04% | 7.04% | 7.04% | Not available |
| 2023 | 100% | Not available | 100% | 7.26% | 7.26% | 7.26% | Not available |
18.3.2. Automated Coding
| Data year | Use of any form of automated coding | System used (IRIS, MICAR, ACME, STYX, MIKADO, others) |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | No | |
| 2012 | No | |
| 2013 | No | |
| 2014 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2015 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2016 | yes | IRIS |
| 2017 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2018 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2019 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2020 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2021 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2022 | Yes | IRIS |
| 2023 | Yes | IRIS |
18.3.3. Underlying cause of death
| Data year | Only manual selection of underlying cause | Manual with ACME decision tables (if yes, version of ACME) | ACS utilising ACME decision tables (if yes, version of ACME) | Own system (ACS without ACME) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Yes | ||||
| 2012 | Yes | ||||
| 2013 | Yes | ||||
| 2014 | IRIS version 2014 ( including 2014 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2015 | IRIS version 2015 ( including 2015 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2016 | IRIS version 2016 ( including 2016 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2017 | IRIS version 2017 ( including 2017 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2018 | IRIS version 2018 ( including 2018 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2019 | IRIS version 2019 (including 2019 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2020 | IRIS version 2020 (inluding 2020 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2021 | IRIS version 2021 (inluding 2020 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2022 | IRIS version 2022 (inluding 2020 updates) and manual codification for rejected | ||||
| 2023 | IRIS version 2023 (inluding 2020 updates) and manual codification for rejected |
18.3.4. Availability of multiple cause
| Data year | Information stored in the national CoD database, UC (Underlying cause) or MC (Multiple cause) |
|---|---|
| 2011 | UC |
| 2012 | UC |
| 2013 | UC |
| 2014 | UC |
| 2015 | UC |
| 2016 | UC and MC |
| 2017 | UC and MC |
| 2018 | UC and MC |
| 2019 | UC and MC |
| 2020 | UC and MC |
| 2021 | UC and MC |
| 2022 | UC and MC |
| 2023 | UC and MC |
18.3.5. Stillbirths and Neonatal certificates
a) Stillbirths
Yes, in the case of stillbirths there are two possible certificates: the one used for births where it can also be informed the foetal deaths and the general death certificate.
b) Neonates
No, We don´t have a different death certificate for neonates cases.
18.4. Data validation
Data validation is explained in the following points.
18.4.1. Coding
Description of coding procedure (central level, distributed among other bodies, etc.):
Regional Mortality Registers (MR) are in charge of coding procedure. The coordination of this codification is carried out by the National Statistical Institute (NSI).
NSI provide to MRs the tools to garantee the comparability (updated IRIS dictionary, validation rules...) and the sofware to garantee the secure data transmitions.
NSI is in charge of revising codes (incosistencies, validation rules...)
Description of the procedures to detect errors (i.e. errors such as potential inconsistency in the death certificate or error due to mistake when filling the deaths certificates):
The sofware desinged by NSI for data transmision after coding from the RMs includes validation rules and none of the files containing errors can be sent. The errors and warnings are listed when they occur. Apart from that, NSI use a different software to check again warnings and errors.
Description of the measures taken in order to solve detected errors:
Revision of the certificates containg errors.
Coding performed by a certifier:
Certifiers don´t write the code in Spain.
Estimation of the percentage of autopsy from which information is available for coding:
Not available
Description of double coding exercises and rate of codification errors for underlying cause of death:
Double coding exercises is not made. We use automatic coding.
18.4.2. Unspecified CoD code
ICD codes for the underlying cause (% of the Total)
| Year | Unspecified CoD (for ICD10: R00-R99 codes, for ICD9: 780-790 codes) | Unknown CoD (for ICD10: R98-R99 codes, for ICD9: 799.9, 798.9, 798.2 codes) | Deaths due to senility (for ICD10: R54 code, for ICD9: 797 code) | Deaths due to exposure to unspecified factor (for ICD10: X59 code, ICD9: 928.9 code) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 2.74 | 1.52 | 0.46 | 0.61 |
| 2012 | 2.49 | 1.29 | 0.47 | 0.39 |
| 2013 | 2.29 | 1.09 | 0.48 | 0.43 |
| 2014 | 2.14 | 0.99 | 0.43 | 0.45 |
| 2015 | 2.25 | 1.03 | 0.47 | 0.46 |
| 2016 | 1.96 | 0.84 | 0.43 | 0.54 |
| 2017 | 2.20 | 0.96 | 0.42 | 0.40 |
| 2018 | 2.36 | 1.07 | 0.42 | 0.41 |
| 2019 | 2.44 | 1.16 | 0.43 | 0.40 |
| 2020 | 1.92 | 0.75 | 0.44 | 0.35 |
| 2021 | 2.03 | 0.76 | 0.50 | 0.35 |
| 2022 | 2.16 | 0.79 | 0.57 | 0.38 |
| 2023 | 2.34 | 0.84 | 0.57 | 0.34 |
18.4.3. Unknown country or region
Unknown country/region (%) for residents and non-residents who died in the country
| Year | Residents | Non-residents | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown residency (NUTS2) | Unknown occurrence (NUTS2) | Unknown residency (country) | Unknown residency (NUTS2) | Unknown occurrence (NUTS2) | |
| 2011 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2013 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2014 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2015 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2017 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2018 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2019 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2020 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2021 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
| 2023 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 0 |
18.4.4. Validation of the coverage
Local Register is used for validation coverage
18.5. Data compilation
Not applicable.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable.
None
Data on causes of death (CoD) provide information on mortality patterns and form a major element of public health information.
CoD data refer to the underlying cause which - according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) - is "the disease or injury which initiated the train of morbid events leading directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence which produced the fatal injury".
CoD data are derived from death certificates. The information provided in the medical certificate of cause of death is mapped to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD).
In case of deaths with judicial intervention the information is provided by the forensic report.
17 February 2025
Concepts and definitions are described in the Commission regulation (EU) No 328/2011 in articles 2 and 3.
The statistical units are the deceased persons and the stillborns, respectively.
Deaths that occurs in the country.
The measured statistical phenomenon relates to all national territory.
Data refer to the calendar year (i.e. all deaths occurring during the year).
The last reference year available is 2023
The procedures of data collection, coverage control and revision of the errors guarantee the accuracy.
The statistic on causes of death is based on the information declared on the death certificates by physicians. For legal reasons, all deaths must be register in the Civil Register. This fact guarantees the coverage. The coverage control is carried out by the provincial delegation of National Statistical Institute.
The use of validation rules, both errors and warnings, allows to analyze the quality of the data. The codification is carried out by experts from the Regional Mortality Registers. These experts usually contact with physician in order to improve or clarify the information written on the death certificate. As consequence the information is more accurate.
Deaths with Judicial intervention are informed by the Ministry of Justice from the forensic report. From 2020 deaths this information is provided directly from the forensics, improving the accuracy in these cases.
The unit is number.
Not applicable.
The raw statistical data used for compiling statistical aggregates comes from the death certificates provided by physicians, excepting the cases with external causes of death which are informed by a judge through the web death bulletin with judicial intervention. From 2020 the deaths with judicial intervention are informed directly by forensics using a NSI sofware.
Annual for final data. Half-yearly for provisional data.
| Year | Number of months between the end of the reference year and the publication at national level |
|---|---|
| 2011 | 14 months |
| 2012 | 14 months |
| 2013 | 14 months |
| 2014 | 15 months |
| 2015 | 14 months |
| 2016 | 12 months |
| 2017 | 12 months |
| 2018 | 12 months |
| 2019 | 16 months |
| 2020 | 11 months |
| 2021 | 12 months |
| 2022 | 12 months |
| 2023 | 12 months |
There is no problem of comparability between the regions in Spain. The reason is that NSI coordinates the statistic in the whole country providing the same guidelines and IT tools to all the regions.
For example, the NSI is the reponsible for the IRIS dictionary updates to garantee the comparability. All regions use the IT tools provided by NSI for data transmition, these tools include validation rules .
We have a forum integrating all Regional Mortality Resisters in which complicated cases that IRIS cannot solve are discuss to come to an agreement in the codification in other to garantee the comparability.
Apart from the ICD uptates that have influences in the comparability of the data, other issue is the change from manual codification to automatic codification IRIS. However, the bridge coding study carried out highlighted that the comparabily continued.
