Turkish Statistical Institute

Environment and Sustatinable Development Statistics Department

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu 

Necatibey Caddesi No: 114 Devlet Mahallesi Çankaya / Ankara / Türkiye

The environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts report on an economic sector that generates goods and services produced for environmental protection or the management of natural resources.

Products for environmental protection prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment. Examples are electric vehicles, catalysts and filters to decrease pollutant emissions, wastewater and waste treatment services, noise insulation works or restoration of degraded habitats.

Products for resource management safeguard the stock of natural resources against depletion. Examples are renewable energy production, energy-efficient and passive buildings, seawater desalinization or rainwater recovery, and materials recovery.

EGSS accounts provide data on output and export of environmental goods and services and on the value added of and employment in the environmental goods and services sector.

EGSS data are compiled following the statistical concepts and definitions set out in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework.

Data are reported cross-classified by 1) the type of environmental protection or resource management activity and 2) economic activity. Environmental protection activities are classified by environmental domain as set out in the Classification of Environmental Protection Activities - CEPA. Resource management activities are classified as set out in the Classification of Resource Management Activities - CReMA. see the revised CEPA and CReMA explanatory notes for detail. Economic activity is classified according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008).

EGSS comprises a sector of the economy that produces goods and services aimed at environmental protection and resource management (see SEEA CF 2012 chapter 4). Environmental goods and services either reduce environmental pressures or help maintaining the stock of natural resources or they are designed to be cleaner and more resource efficient than conventional products. Environmental goods and services can be produced by corporations, households, governments and non-profit institutions. The list of environmental activities and products has been set out in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2174 ('the indicative compendium of environmental goods and services').

EGSS has the same system boundaries as the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) and consists of all environmental products within this production boundary. ESA defines production as the activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses input of labour, capital, goods and services to produce output of goods and services.

Only goods and services produced for environmental purposes are included in the scope of the environmental goods and services sector.

'Environmental purpose' means that a good or service helps either 1) preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment or 2) preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.

The EGSS statistics aim at compiling data for the following economic variables:

Output: consists of products that become available for use outside of the producer unit, any goods and services produced for own final use and goods that remain in the inventories at the end of the period in which they are produced. Apart from market output, output for own final use and non-market output, EGSS statistics also include ancillary output, comprising output intended for use within an enterprise.

Market output is to be valued at basic prices, that is, the prices receivable by the producer from the purchaser minus taxes and plus subsidies on products.
Output for own final use is to be valued at basic prices of similar products sold on the market or by the total costs of production.
Non-market output is to be estimated by the total costs of production.
Ancillary output is measured as a total of recurrent production costs (such as intermediate consumption, compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital) incurred by enterprises to: 1) reduce environmental pressures arising from their production process or 2) produce environmental goods or services not intended for use outside the enterprise, but instead supporting other (non-environmental) activities undertaken within the enterprise (e.g. waste management services carried out in-house). For market producers, a mark-up for net operating surplus is added to the value of the EGSS ancillary output.
Gross Value Added: represents the contribution made by the production of environmental goods and services to GDP. It is the difference between the value of the output and intermediate consumption.

Employment: is measured in full-time equivalent jobs engaged in the production of output of environmental goods and services. Full-time equivalent is defined as total hours worked divided by the average annual working hours in a full-time job.

Exports: consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants, of environmental goods and services from residents to non-residents.

Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community describes the different statistical units of the production system.

The recommended statistical unit for the collection and compilation of EGSS statistics (excluding general government) is the establishment. For general government, the recommendation is to use institutional units and groupings of units as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010).

The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

 Turkey. Producer of Environmental Goods and Servives by all sectors of the economy: economic activities by NACE, general government and households. 

2019-2021

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Output, gross value added, and exports are measured in million units of national currency. Employment is measured in full time equivalents (i.e., full time equivalent jobs).

The reference period for EGSS data is the calendar year.

EGSS accounts are compiled and reported in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts (EEEA).

The EEEA follow internationally agreed concepts and definitions set out in the SEEA Central Framework (2012), the international statistical standard adopted by the UN Statistical Commission. They present data in a way that is compatible with National Accounts (ESA, 2010).

The 2022-2026 official statistics program is stated as the statistics planned to be published under the heading of 9.5 environmental economic accounts. 

the the offical statistics program are available on TurkStat's web page:  https://www.resmiistatistik.gov.tr/

We have a regulation on confidentiality named "Regulation on Procedure and Principles of Data Confidentiality and Confidential Data Security in Official Statistics". According to this regulation, data in cell are defined as confidential if

i) the number of statistical units is less than three,

ii) if the number of statistical units is three or more, the information of any one unit constitutes more than eighty percent of the total information of that one cell or the information of any two units constitutes more than ninety percent of the total information of that cell. Moreover, if there is possibility to recognize confidential data, secondary confidentiality is applied whenever needed.

Data in cell are defined as confidential if

i) the number of statistical units is less than three,

ii) if the number of statistical units is three or more, the information of any one unit constitutes more than eighty percent of the total information of that one cell or the information of any two units constitutes more than ninety percent of the total information of that cell. Moreover, if there is possibility to recognize confidential data, secondary confidentiality is applied whenever needed.

Statistical Table will be published in TurkStat's web page. Theri is no any schedule for this release.

Theri is no any schedule for this release.

There is no any publication yet.

It is planned to publish annually. 

There is no any dissemination for EGSS. Statistical Table will be published in TurkStat's web page. 

There is no any dissemination for EGSS. Statistical Table will be published in TurkStat's web page. 

There is no any dissemination for EGSS. Statistical Table will be published in TurkStat's web page. 

Not requested for this metadata collection.

No dissemination of EGSS data.

There is no any dissemination for EGSS. Statistical Table will be published in TurkStat's web page. 

Not requested for this metadata collection.

There is no methodological decumentation for  EGSS.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

There is no quality management documentations yet.

To ensure quality of the data, the validated PRODCOM, SBS and EPEA data is used mainly. In addition, estimates are made in line with the EGSS guideline.

There is no any national quality documentation yet.

No documents are used 

No dissemination of EGSS data, thus no use of EGSS data by public.

In the 2018 year data submission, we have made a methological change in the estimation of EGSS variables and it is more compatible with NA data. EGSS now includes data for almost all NACE category at CEPA. Ancillary output are provided from EPEA. Before only totals were reported but by 2018 data submission, tha data is broken down by market/non-market or products/services categories. R&D data (CEPA 8) is reported under NACE M72 whereas it was reported under NACE O. The previous data submissions were based on environmental expenditure survey results and SBS whereas the 2018 year submission is based on mostly NA data.
What is improved in 2019 data submission is the inclusion of new activities and new EGSS products which are the ones environmental share of which were unknown, thus they couldnt be included in the calculations. Also in 2018 data submission, data for general government (GG) and NPISH from EPEA table 1 were reported under NACE O, but this year only GG data is reported at NACE O and NPISH data is reported seperately at NACE S. The last is the revision of renewable energy data (NACE D- CReMA 13A) by using a ratio of (SBS output of NACE 35/NA output of NACE 35) since we are estimating this data by using SBS data due to data unavailability from NA at NACE 3511 level and by doing this revision, the data for renewable energy is more compatible with NA data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

As the environmental expenditure survey data is highly validated, we are sure on the quality of data reported. Also we  mainly use NA data and ratios which are high quality, we believe that high level of accuracy is ensured. One point is that  EGSS data may be improved based on progress on SBS or a shift from SBS data usage to NA data usage for some calculations (especially for employment) in the next period.

EGSS accounts are compiled using a range of primary statistical sources. The sampling and non-sampling errors are described in the metadata of the underlying statistical data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

EGSS accounts are compiled using a range of primary statistical sources. The sampling and non-sampling errors are described in the metadata of the underlying statistical data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

t+22

t+2 years

No dissemination of EGSS data yet.

The data were delivered to Eurostat on (31 October). The reporting deadline for EGSS to Eurostat is 31 October. 

No dissemination of EGSS data.

The compiled EGSS data covers all of Türkiye. 

Not requested for this metadata collection.

No

We have included some products like glass balcony (balcony covered by glass windows to save heat in the house and it is more common in Turkey) that is specific to Turkey and estimated its production value.

2019-2021 data cover all new data improvements, for the period 2014-2018, we are planning to revise the figures in line with included new activities and new EGSS products (improvements )

Since it is included new activities and new EGSS products within the improvement works this year, this improvement lead to an important break in time series by 20% to 44% in terms of output for the period 2014-2016. It has also calculated data for 2013 and now we have a new data serie for 2013-2017 period which differs from the last data submissions due to improvements. 

We directly use some EPEA data from EPEA Table 1 and Table 2 especially for NACE E37, E38, E39 and NACE O, NACE S under CEPA category. Therefore these two data are compatible. Also ancillary output data is also same with EPEA ancillary output at CEPA category.

We directly use some EPEA data from EPEA Table 1 and Table 2 especially for NACE E37, E38, E39 and NACE O, NACE S under CEPA category. Therefore these two data are compatible. Also ancillary output data is also same with EPEA ancillary output at CEPA category.

We use directly some data from SUT, BoP and NA therefore we dont need to implement any procedure on this issue.

We directly use some EPEA data from EPEA Table 1 and Table 2 especially for NACE E37, E38, E39 and NACE O, NACE S under CEPA category. Therefore these two data are compatible. Also ancillary output data is also same with EPEA ancillary output at CEPA category.

The EGGS questionnaire had compiled in line with Eurostat's EGSS handbook.

Generally same data source (NA) is used in estimation of EGSS variables. Also EGSS output is used as an input to estimate GVA and Employment. Checking the internal consistency procedure are mainly totals by CEPA, CReMA, NACE and breakdowns. 

60 FTE for 2021

60 FTE 

Data can be revised with respect to revision on National Accounts, Prodcom and SBS. 

If any new EGSS output find, the figure will be added the collections.

In 2019 submission, almost all the data (except ancillary output) is revised for 2014, 2015 and 2016 due to the inclusion of new activities and products and a revision in NA data which is reflected also in EPEA data. In the previous submission, forest management, emission measurement activity, heat and energy saving for buildings, organic livestock and inclusion of EGSS products-environmental share of which should be identified- were not covered but we have included these activities and products and produced a time series data from 2013 to 2017. Also export for the newly included EGSS products are estimated after a deatiled examination of FTS and this has made a considerable contribution to the export data.
The data for Output has increased by 20%, GVA by 15%, Employment by 16% and Export by 36% on average in the 2014-2016 period due to the revisions mentioned above.
In 2020 submission, we have add green building data for output, gva data. 

If any new EGSS output find, the figure will be added the collections.

To compile EGSS, we had been using PRODCOM database, Foreign Trade Statistics, SBS database, EPEA survey micro data.

Environmental Employment, Revenue and Expenditure Statistics data are being used for ancillary output in EGSS.

* For estimation of output of NACE E36 under CReMA 10, CPA E36 data at Supply and Use Table (SUT) from NA, Structural Business Statsitics (SBS) and COFOG data is used.
* For estimation of output of NACE E38 at CReMA 14, Supply and Use Table data for NACE E37-39 from NA and a ratio from SBS is used (material recovery)
* For estimation of output and GVA of NACE A at CEPA 4, total crop production data from NA and a ratio from agriculture statistics is used (organic farming)
* For estimation of GVA, we use GVA/Output ratio by NACE from NA.

No specific survey for EGSS.

For estimation of output of organic farming (at NACE A under CEPA 4), the share of organic farming area in total arable land and land under permanent crops is used as a ratio in the context of agriculture statistics. In addition to this, organic livestock statistics and organic product prices which is estimated by internet search are used for output of organic livestock.
* For market output of NACE M at CEPA 1 (output for emission measurement activity for vehicles), transport statistics and data for emission measurements at Environment Ministry is used.
* For market output of NACE F at CReMA 13B (output for heat and energy saving in buildings), construction statistics and a share for the cost of heat and energy saving in the total cost of new buildings are used.
* For non-market output of NACE O at CReMA 11 (output for forest management), forestry statistics is used.
* PRODCOM statistics are used for identification of EGSS products and their ouput, thus export of these EGSS products .
* Foreign Trade Statistics are used for estimation of export od EGSS products.

Annually

to compile EGSS, we had been using PRODCOM database, Foreign Trade Statistics, SBS database, EPEA survey micro data every year.

We compare the data with

-  other sources, administrative sources etc. 

-  EPEA results and ratios with EU countries' ratios at Eurostat databases. 

we checked the internal consistency of tables by totals and data availability.

It is compiled from various sources like NA, SBS, Prodcom, EPEA, Agriculture statistics, Energy statistics, Construction Statistics, Forestry Statistics, Transport Statistics and Environmental Employment, Revenue and Expenditure Statistics of Business Sector survey. 

Not requested for this metadata collection.

It is compiled from various sources like NA, SBS, Prodcom, EPEA, Agriculture statistics, Energy statistics, Construction Statistics, Forestry Statistics, Transport Statistics and Environmental Employment, Revenue and Expenditure Statistics of Business Sector survey. 

EGSS list is used and all the products are in PRODCOM are investigated and categorized whether they are in the scope of EGSS or not. While doing this, we have used mainly PRODCOM categories and product definitions in PRODCOM and by checking the definitions we have decided to include, exclude or partially include a product into the scope of EGSS. We didnt ask enterprises for the environmental shares of products since we have a detailed product definitions and production values from PRODCOM Statistics.
Activities :
Ancillary activities, Organic farming, Organic livestock, Renewable energy, Management of waters, Wastewater management, Waste management, Remediation activities and other waste management services, Material recovery, Heat and Energy Saving activities, Emission measurement for vehicles, Forest management, Activities of General Government (NACE O) and activities of NPISH (NACE S) are covered. The scope are determined due to EGSS list of Eurostat and some specific activities for Turkey. We are trying to include the ones which can be estimated easily due to data availability when compared to other activities.  

Ancillary EP output is estimated as "simplified valuation legally acceptable", not as in "ESA - compatible valuation" form. No adjustment are able to made for compliance. But market and non-market outputs especially at CEPA is compatible with ESA definition. We were obliged to use SBS output for output estimation of electiricty production from renewable energy sources regarding data unavailability from NA in the last data submission. But this year, we are able to adjust this data with NA data by using a share. 

EGSS products are all recorded under market output as the producers are operating in private sector and selling their products at a reasonable price with profit. Cofog data, administrative records and forestry statistics are being used to compile nonmarket output.

we used only certified green buildings data to estimate.

no seasonal adjustments for EGSS.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

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