State Statistical Office

Sector of agriculture and anvirobmental statistics

Dame Gruev no. 4

 
The environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts report on an economic sector that generates goods and services produced for environmental protection or the management of natural resources.

Products for environmental protection prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment. Examples are electric vehicles, catalysts and filters to decrease pollutant emissions, wastewater and waste treatment services, noise insulation works or restoration of degraded habitats.

Products for resource management safeguard the stock of natural resources against depletion. Examples are renewable energy production, energy-efficient and passive buildings, seawater desalinization or rainwater recovery, and materials recovery.

EGSS accounts provide data on output and export of environmental goods and services and on the value added of and employment in the environmental goods and services sector.

EGSS data are compiled following the statistical concepts and definitions set out in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework.

Data are reported cross-classified by 1) the type of environmental protection or resource management activity and 2) economic activity. Environmental protection activities are classified by environmental domain as set out in the Classification of Environmental Protection Activities - CEPA. Resource management activities are classified as set out in the Classification of Resource Management Activities - CReMA. see the revised CEPA and CReMA explanatory notes for detail. Economic activity is classified according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008).

EGSS comprises a sector of the economy that produces goods and services aimed at environmental protection and resource management (see SEEA CF 2012 chapter 4). Environmental goods and services either reduce environmental pressures or help maintaining the stock of natural resources or they are designed to be cleaner and more resource efficient than conventional products. Environmental goods and services can be produced by corporations, households, governments and non-profit institutions. The list of environmental activities and products has been set out in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2174 ('the indicative compendium of environmental goods and services').

Sectors E (NACE Rev. 2) and O (NACE Rev.2) are not covered. For sector E we will obtain data after we obtain data on incomes by public comunal enterprises. For sector O data will be compiled after the COFOG classification will be in force.

EGSS has the same system boundaries as the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) and consists of all environmental products within this production boundary. ESA defines production as the activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses input of labour, capital, goods and services to produce output of goods and services.

Only goods and services produced for environmental purposes are included in the scope of the environmental goods and services sector.

'Environmental purpose' means that a good or service helps either 1) preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment or 2) preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.

The EGSS statistics aim at compiling data for the following economic variables:

Output: consists of products that become available for use outside of the producer unit, any goods and services produced for own final use and goods that remain in the inventories at the end of the period in which they are produced. Apart from market output, output for own final use and non-market output, EGSS statistics also include ancillary output, comprising output intended for use within an enterprise.

Market output is to be valued at basic prices, that is, the prices receivable by the producer from the purchaser minus taxes and plus subsidies on products.
Output for own final use is to be valued at basic prices of similar products sold on the market or by the total costs of production.
Non-market output is to be estimated by the total costs of production.
Ancillary output is measured as a total of recurrent production costs (such as intermediate consumption, compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital) incurred by enterprises to: 1) reduce environmental pressures arising from their production process or 2) produce environmental goods or services not intended for use outside the enterprise, but instead supporting other (non-environmental) activities undertaken within the enterprise (e.g. waste management services carried out in-house). For market producers, a mark-up for net operating surplus is added to the value of the EGSS ancillary output.
Gross Value Added: represents the contribution made by the production of environmental goods and services to GDP. It is the difference between the value of the output and intermediate consumption.

Employment: is measured in full-time equivalent jobs engaged in the production of output of environmental goods and services. Full-time equivalent is defined as total hours worked divided by the average annual working hours in a full-time job.

Exports: consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants, of environmental goods and services from residents to non-residents.

Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community describes the different statistical units of the production system.

The recommended statistical unit for the collection and compilation of EGSS statistics (excluding general government) is the establishment. For general government, the recommendation is to use institutional units and groupings of units as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010).

The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

NTES 1 and 2 (Republic of North Macedonia)

2019-2021

For 2019 data are experimental

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Output, gross value added, and exports are measured in million units of national currency (MKD denars). Employment is measured in full time equivalents (i.e., full time equivalent jobs).

The reference period for EGSS data is the calendar year.

EGSS accounts are compiled and reported in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts (EEEA).

The EEEA follow internationally agreed concepts and definitions set out in the SEEA Central Framework (2012), the international statistical standard adopted by the UN Statistical Commission. They present data in a way that is compatible with National Accounts (ESA, 2010).

National:

National:
Law on State Statistics („Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia“ No. 54/97, 21/07, 51/11, 104/13, 42/14, 192/15, 27/16,83/18 and 220/18) http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZakonZaStatistika.aspx and The Programme of Statistical Surveys  2018-2022 („Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia“ No. 22/18 and 224/18). http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas.aspx?id=8.

Data are transmitted to Eurostat (via eDamis).

The statistical confidentiality policy aims to lay down the basic principles that are
applied in the SSO, arising from the:
- Law on State Statistics
(http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZakonZaStatistika.aspx)
- Code of Practice of European Statistics
(http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas.aspx?id=2)
- Resolution of the United Nations on Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics

Individual data are protected by the Law on State Statistics http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZakonZaStatistika.aspx . Data collected with statistical surveys from the reporting units or indirectly from administrative or other sources are confidential data and are used only for statistical purposes. Results from the statistical processing may also generate information considered as confidential, for example: anonymised individual data, tables with low level of aggregation, as well as unreleased data. The Policy on Statistical Confidentiality http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas.aspx?id=32  contains the basic principles used in the SSO.

All individual or personal data, in each phase of statistical processing, are treated as confidential data and may be used only for statistical purposes. When releasing data from this survey at an aggregated level, there is no need for additional data treatment for the purpose of ensuring confidentiality.

Data are not published yet.

Data are not published yet.

The Release Calendar is available on the SSO website http://www.stat.gov.mk/Kalendar_nov.aspx

It will be annual.

No news release yet, it is planned to be published in 2025.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not requested for this metadata collection.

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Not requested for this metadata collection.

The methodology is updated and consistent with the latest requirements of the European institutions - Eurostat (Statistical Office of the EU).

Not requested for this metadata collection.

report for 2021, from SSO, to Eurostat

The commitment of the SSO to ensuring quality of products and services is described in the:

Data for EGSS sre used by the business community and by the Government as the economic indicator, economic instrument for pollution control and use of natural resources, with aim to have an impact on the economic subjects, producers and consumers. According to the Regulatives all levels of agregation are calculated and released on national level and are transmitted ti Eurostat.

Data  are used by national institutions, Ministry of environment and phisical planning, industrial and business associations, environmental associations, non-goverment organizations, local units for monitoring on trends of calculation of indicators. Data from the statistical surveys are used by the desicion makers for technical justification of their policies, for the strategies and plans for action in the field of tax strategies, in the establishment of strategic actions and measuresfor economic development with the aim of implementation of the programmes for active measurement , as well as preparation of reports for the status of the environment in the EGSS. 

International users. European organizations expresses the necessity of information via specific regulations and agreements, regular working meetings (Eurostat), international meetings (for data base updating), reporting questionnaires and requests sumbitted to SSO (OECD).

The State Statistical Office conducts the User Satisfaction Survey. http://www.stat.gov.mk/ZaNas.aspx?id=33. This survey  was conducted in 2008, 2012, 2015 and the last one in 2017.

In terms of indicators according to the Regulation No. 691/2011 on European Commission, SSO provide about 50% of them.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Data accuracy is ensured by data comparisons and analysis.

EGSS accounts are compiled using a range of primary statistical sources. The sampling and non-sampling errors are described in the metadata of the underlying statistical data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

EGSS accounts are compiled using a range of primary statistical sources. The sampling and non-sampling errors are described in the metadata of the underlying statistical data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

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T+180

Time lag until first results = 0.

Time lag until final results = 0.

The data were delivered to Eurostat on 03.11.2023. The reporting deadline for EGSS to Eurostat is 31 October. 

Not applicable.

Due to the unity of principles, variables, definitions and classifications used there is a high degree of comparability between EU Member States with regard to the survey’s results.

EGSS data are produced at national level and are harmonized with the Regulatons for satelite economic accounts for environment. This ensures cmparability of national data with European data.

Data are comparable od NTES 1 and 2 (Republic of Macedonoa).

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Time series are available beginning 2019.

The lenth of comparable time series is 3 reference periods.

2019-2021

The lenth of comparable time series is 3 reference periods.

Not applicable

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 Data from National Accounts are used for data compilation Intermediate consumption, Number of employees)

Data are coherent with data from the survey ETEA (data are used for calculation for Output, Gross Value Added and Employment)

Data are coherent wit data in industry statistics - Prodco, Energy Statistics, Construction)

IInternal coherence of data is ensured, data are controlled and analysed withinthe production process.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Revision of the data is applied if necessary.

In accordance with the Statistical Data Revision Policy.

Revision of the data is applied if necessary

Revision of the data is applied if necessary

Not applicable

Administrative sources

We use administrative data from NA (value added, employment),  EPEA,  agricultural statistics, construction statistics, business statistics and energy statistics.

Adnistrative dat -Environemtal accounts-EPEA

Not applicable

Not applicable

Annual

Data collection is performed  electronically from data bases of administrative sources.

Data validation is done through the entire process of processing and calculation, according to the criteria of output data calculation and according to Eurostat validation rules

For the calculation of characteristic “Gross value added”, the data on BDP, divided by individual activities on 2-digit level of NACE Rev.2, from National Accounts Department were used.  The share of added value from the total production by separate activity were calculated as follows:

 Value added / Production = Share of value added                  

 For sector A (Agriculture) by NACE Rev.2

For calculation of environmental goods and services in sector A, data on standard output (SO), number of agricultural holdings, organic farms and number of employees were used.

Output were calculated using data on organic farms and average SO (standard output) value by agricultural holding. Number of employees were calculated using data on organic operators and factor full-time labour equivalents FTE (measured in annual work units (AWU) for agricultural holding). Gross value added were calculated using data on output and share of value added for sector A.

Calculated output, employees and GVA were classified in CEPA 4 under “Cleaner & resource efficient products”.

 For sectors B and C (Mining and quarrying and Manufacture) by NACE Rev.2

For calculation of environmental goods and services in sectors B and C data on total production, sales values in national currency (denars) and data on number of employees in sectors B and C were used.

Data were divided in the groupes according to the NACE Rev.2 classifications (by divisions).

The data on the sales value of the products were distributed according to the activity of the producers and united in the requested groups according to questionnaire EGSS.
Subsequently, the data on production of products were linked to the Eurostat’s table "EGSS List of environmental product". With this data were distributed to the group of products that are 100% environmental and to the group of products for which the environmental share still need to be determined.

 With the help of the Eurostat table mentioned above, those products that belong to connected goods were also defined. These products (connected goods) were excluded from the total value by individual activity, as their quantity was ultimately added only to the total value in the individual activity.The total calculated value of the products for each activity was then transferred to the table "OUTPUT" under the relevant purposes of CEPA and CReMA (defined in the Eurostat table).

Based on this pilot exercise, for those products that have less than a 6-digit designation in the table "EGSS list of environmental products", prepared a national list of products that are environmental in nature and will be (fully or partially) included in EGSS reporting in the future. Data for the table “GROSS VALUE ADDEED” were calculated using shares from table “OUTPUT” and share of value added for sector B and C.

 For the EMPLOYMENT table, it is necessary (for each eco product) to calculate the share of eco products in relation to the total amount of products. The number of employees for each activity (B and C divided into divisions) is then multiplied by the calculated share of eco products.

This calculated number of employees is then further divided according to the CEPA and CReMA classification.

 Calculated results were included in the tables »OUTPUT«, »GVA« and »EMPLOYMENT« in the appropriate CEPA and CReMA purposes, under »specific products« or »cleaner & resource efficiency«, depending on the distribution in table »EGSS list of environmental products«.

For sector D (Electricity, gas, steam and air-conditioning supply) by NACE Rev.2

For calculation of environmental goods and services in sector D data on electricity production, produced from renewable energy sources, data on electricity prices and data on number of employees in sector D were used.

Data on electricity production that are gathered from energy balance are in ktoe, so they should be transformed into GWh.

1 Mtoe  =  11630 GWh or 1 ktoe = 11,630 GWh

 For the price of electricity the average between prices for household and non-household electricity consumers on annual basis were used. For the calculation, the prices without all taxes were used.

Calculated output, GVA and employees were classified in CReMA 13 and 13A under market output, namely under “Cleaner & resource efficiency”.

In North Macedonia,  data on the export of electricity produced from renewable energy sources are not available.

For sector F (Construction) by NACE Rev.2

For calculation of environmental goods and services in sector F data on new buildings (residential and non-residential) constructed in the observed year and data on number of employees in section F were used. Because all new buildings are not eco-buildings only the share is used.

Since the information on how many new buildings in North Macedonia were built according to eco standards in the observed year 2020 could not be obtained an estimate of 10% was used for the calculation.

Calculated output, GVA and employees were classified in CReMA 13B under market output, namely under “Environmental specific services”.

Additional data for all sectors by NACE Rev.2, except for sectors O and part of E (E37-E39)

For calculation of additional environmental goods and services in all sectors (except in sector O and divisions E37 - E39) data on Expenditures on maintenance of assets for environmental protection from Survey on Environment Protection Expenditure, were used.

Data on Expenditures on maintenance of assets for environmental protection are already divided by different CEPA purposes. The sum of this data were included in the table “OUTPUT” in EGSS accounts under “Ancillary output”.

These data also serve for calculation of the shares according to environmental purposes, which were then used for the calculation of GVA and number of employees.

Data for “Gross value added” were calculated using data on incomes from table “OUTPUT”, shares on environmental purposes (CEPA) from the scheme for calculation of data for table “OUTPUT” and shares of value added for all sectors (except for sector O and divisions E37 - E39).

Data for Employess were calculated using data on Incomes from table “OUTPUT”, shares on environmental purposes (CEPA) from the scheme for calculation of data for table “OUTPUT” and income per person for the sector E (because this section is total environment). Income for sector E were calculated from table Payments and charges for environmental protection services from the Survey on Environment Protection Expenditures.

Number of employees were calculated for each sector with data on income for each sector and calculated Income per person for Sector E (see above).

Data on GVA and Employees were included in tables for EGSS accounts in appropriate CEPA and under “Ancillary output”.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not applicable, no time series and seasonal adjustment of data is made.

Not requested for this metadata collection.