Statistics Denmark

National Accounts, Economic Statistics

Statistics Denmark

Sejrøgade 11

DK 2100 copenhagen Ø

www.dst.dk/uk

The air emission accounts are annually accounts on the emission of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. The air emission accounts follow the same definitions and classification as National Accounts, which allows for analyses of the connection between the economy and air pollution. The accounts are published in a Danish press release and in StatBank under the subject Energy and air emissions.

Air emissions accounts (AEA) record flows of gaseous and particulate materials emitted into the atmosphere as a result of economic activity.

AEA are a subset of environmental-economic accounts. They offer a detailed breakdown for 64 emitting economic activities (NACE), plus households, as defined in the national accounts of EU countries. They are aligned with economic statistics and GDP. These features make them suitable for integrated environmental-economic analyses and modelling – for example of 'carbon footprints' and climate-change modelling scenarios.

National Statistical Institutes (NSI) submit AEA to Eurostat through a mandatory annual data collection. The data collection includes an electronic questionnaire and this quality report.

The AEA dataset has the following dimensions:

1)           Air pollutant: Emissions to air of the following gaseous and particulate substances are collected (greenhouse gases, air pollutants):

Carbon dioxide without emissions from biomass (CO2),

Carbon dioxide from biomass (Biomass CO2)*,

Nitrous oxide (N2O), Methane (CH4),

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs),

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) including nitrogen trifluoride (NF3),

Nitrogen oxides (NOx),

Non-methane volatile organic compounds, (NMVOC),

Carbon monoxide (CO),

Particulate matter < 10μm (PM10),

Particulate matter < 2,5μm (PM2,5),

Sulphur dioxide (SO2),

Ammonia (NH3)

2)           Geopolitical entity: EU Member States, EFTA Countries, Candidate Countries etc.

3)           Economic activities: include 64 production activities (classified by NACE rev.2 A*64), and households’ consumption (3 sub-classes).

4)           Time: reference year for which air emissions are reported

5)           Unit: tonnes and thousand tonnes

The data refer to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts. Greenhouse gases and air pollutants emitted by resident units representing the national economy are covered.

Conceptually AEA belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, AEA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

AEA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably, they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record emissions related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Air emissions accounts').

Data refer to emissions by resident economic units in the sense of SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), including households.

The national economy is as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA), i.e. all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

The reference area is the economic territory as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and National Accounts (ESA). A unit is said to be a resident unit of a country when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory of that country, that is, when it engages for an extended period (1 year or more) in economic activities in that territory.

By following this residence principle, the Air Emission Accounts record emissions from resident units' activities, regardless where they occur. This is the main conceptual difference to emission inventories for greenhouse gases (UNFCCC) and air pollutants (CLRTAP).

1995 - 2021

Not applicable because AEA are not reported as indices.

The unit of measure is tonnes or thousand tonnes.

F-gases (HFC, PFC, SF₆ and NF₃) are reported in tonnes of CO₂ equivalents.

SO_X are reported in tonnes of SO₂ equivalents, and NO_X are reported in tonnes of NO₂ equivalents.

The data refer to calendar years.

Air emissions accounts (AEA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011 on European Environmental Economic Accounts.

Not applicable at national level.

Data Confidentiality Policy at Statistics Denmark.

Not relevant for these statistics.

These statistics are published annually in a Danish press release, at the same time as the tables are updated in the StatBank. In the StatBank, these statistics can be found under the subject Energy and air emissions.

For further information, go to the subject page for Environmental-Economic Accounting.

The publication date appears in the release calendar. The date is confirmed in the weeks before.

The Release Calender can be accessed on our English website

.

These statistics are published annually in a Danish press release, at the same time as the tables are updated in the StatBank.

Data are disseminated annually.

These statistics are published annually in a Danish press release, at the same time as the tables are updated in the StatBank.

These statistics are published annually in a Danish press release.

Not relevant.

The statistics are published in the StatBank under the subject Energy and air emissions:

􀂇 MRU1: Air Emission Accounts by industry, type of emission and time

􀂇 MRO1: Bridge table by bridging items, type of emission and time

􀂇 DRIVHUS: Greenhouse Gas Accounts (in CO2 equivalents) by type of emission, industry and time

􀂇 MRO2: Bridge table (in CO2 equivalents) by bridging items, type of emission and time

􀂇 DRIVHUS2: Greenhouse Gas Accounts (in CO2 equivalents) by type of emission, industry,  time and calculation principle

Number of consultations are presented in the attached file.

Accounts are published at the most detailed level.

Not relevant.

Not relevant

􀂇 Statistics Denmark (2013). "Grønne nationalregnskaber. Metoder og muligheder" (publication in the Danish language).

􀂇 European Commission. Eurostat (2013) Compilation Guide (2013) for Eurostat's Air Emissions Accounts (AEA). Version: April 2013.

􀂇 Monetary Fund, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations, World Bank (2012). System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, Central Framework. White cover publication. New York.

􀂇 Statistics Denmark (2007). "Nationalregnskab Kilder og metoder 2003" (publication in the Danish language).

Not applicable.

Statistics Denmark follows the recommendations on organisation and management of quality given in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and the implementation guidelines given in the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF). A Working Group on Quality and a central quality assurance function have been established to continuously carry through control of products and processes.

Statistics Denmark follows the recommendations on organisation and management of quality given in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and the implementation guidelines given in the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF). A Working Group on Quality and a central quality assurance function have been established to continuously carry through control of products and processes.

Statistics Denmark follows the principles in the Code of Practice for European Statistics (CoP) and uses the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (QAF) for the implementation of the principles. This involves continuous decentralized and central control of products and processes based on documentation following international standards. The central quality assurance function reports to the Working Group on Quality. Reports include suggestions for improvement that are assessed, decided and subsequently implemented.

No measurements of quality has been done, however the quality of the statistics is seen as best possible, given the resources available for the compilation of accounts. Air Emission Account have the scope and the degree of detail that is on the same level as other countries, such as Netherlands, Sweden and Norway. Accounts are compiled in accordance with recommendations and quality standards provided by UN and Eurostat.

No measurements of quality has been done, however the quality of the statistics is seen as best possible, given the resources available for the compilation of accounts. Air Emission Account have the scope and the degree of detail that is on the same level as other countries, such as Netherlands, Sweden and Norway. Accounts are compiled in accordance with recommendations and quality standards provided by UN and Eurostat.

External users of the air emission accounts are ministries, business and trade organizations, research institutes and engineering consultancy firms who want a general view of the interactions between the economy and the environment. Linking the input-output calculations to the air emission accounts makes it possible to examine the interaction between economic activity and the emissions of different polluting substances. The interaction between different types of demands (e.g.household's consumption, exports, etc.) and emissions can also be monitored.

A liaison group on environmental economic accounts and statistics holds at least one meeting per year. All or part of the committee's meetings are in a seminar form, where several participants from the institutions may be represented on the committee. The following institutions and organizations have a representative on the committee: Statistics Denmark, The Ministry of Industry, Business and Financial Affairs, The Ministry of Finance, The Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities, The Ministry of Environment of Denmark, The Ministry of Transport, Ministry of the Interior and Housing, The Danish Energy Agency, The Danish Environmental Protection Agency.

Data meets all the requirements of the Regulation no. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

There is an uncertainty connected to the compilation of Air Emission Accounts as a combination of scientific assumptions and calculations have to be made. Uncertainty inherited in the source data is transferred to the Air Emission Accounts. However, conceptually consistent and over time uniform treatment of source data contribute to increasing the certainty of data.

There is variability in accuracy for the emissions to air for different industries and for types of air emissions. The uncertainty reflects, inter alia, the uncertainty about the allocation of energy by industries, given that the starting point for calculations of emissions is the energy accounts (cf. the documentation of statistics for the Danish energy accounts). Add to this variability in the technical emission factors for the various industries as well as a substantial variability related to the nonenergy related emissions.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Uncertainty in the emission accounts are connected to the uncertainties in the source data. Detailed information regarding emission coefficients and emission levels can be found in Denmark's National Inventory Report 2023.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

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Not applicable.

Data is normally published without delays.

The Statistics is published annually.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The environmental accounts are normally published without delay in relation to the scheduled publication.

The environmental accounts are normally published without delay in relation to the scheduled publication.

The industry classification in the tables is the same as the one used in the national accounts. The tables can therefore be compared to other statistics based on the industry classification. Accounts are compiled in form of time series. For example accounts for air emissions are available for each year from 1990 until the last year that is published. Accounts are consistent and fully comparable within these years. On the more aggregated level (NACE 64), the Danish accounts are comparable with accounts of other EU countries compiled according to the Regulation no. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

AEA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting AEA to Eurostat.

Not applicable.

Time series for Air Emission Accounts is revised back in time in connection with each publication. Data thus can be different compared with earlier publications, but there is full conceptual consistency and comparability over time within a publication.

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

Air Emission Accounts follow the same industry classifications and boundaries as National Accounts. Therefore it is possible to combine the data on emissions with other statistical data that follow the same industry classifications.

Not applicable, because AEA data are annual.

Air Emission Accounts follow the same industry classifications and boundaries as National Accounts. Therefore it is possible to combine the data on emissions with other statistical data that follow the same industry classifications.

Air Emission Accounts follow the same industry classifications and boundaries as National Accounts. Therefore it is possible to combine the data on emissions with other statistical data that follow the same industry classifications.

No direct response burden, since all information is based on existing statistics.

Statistics Denmark revises published figures in accordance with the Revision Policy for Statistics Denmark. The common procedures and principles of the Revision Policy are for some statistics supplemented by a specific revision practice.

The time series is fully revised annually.

Not applicable; To ensure comparability, this will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT in the European quality report using a standardised method.

Emission accounts are compiled taking energy accounts as a starting point for the emissions caused by the use of energy. Emissions caused by other factors than energy use are added subsequently and distributed among the relevant industries.

The environmental accounts are based on: The air emissions accounts are based on technical information on emissions and emission inventories obtained from the DCE, Danish Centre for Environment and Energy, University of Aarhus. This information is supplemented by specific information on fuel oil consumption and emission of SO2 from Danish operated ships abroad. The break down by industries and households is based on information obtained from the national accounts. The emission accounts are further supplemented with information on Land use, Land use change and Forestry (LULUCF) as reported to UNFCCC by DCE

Annually.

Data is collected from different internal sources Energy accounts and external sources (Denmarks reporting to UNFCCC and UNECE) by extracting information from data bases, excel spreadsheets and printed publications. These sources are supplemented by Environmental reports/Sustainability reports from certain private companies.

First there is a process of data validation of each primary statistics, as described in the respective quality statements of the relevant statistics. It is followed by an initial validation of input data in connection to compilation of Air Emission Accounts.

Air emission accounts are compiled using Energy First principle, which takes energy accounts as a starting point and the emissions are calculated by multiplying energy use with the respective emission coefficients. This information is supplemented by specific information on fuel oil consumption and emission of SO2 from Danish operated ships abroad. Emission accounts are further supplemented with the emissions not related to the combustion of energy products. These include emissions from agriculture as well as emissions from the industrial processes. Air emission accounts are then aligned with the official emission inventories in regards to overall national totals as well as the subtotals for groups of industries to ensure consistency between the official statistics on the national level.

Not applicable.

The energy related emissions is allocated by use of the energy accounts. The non-energy related emissions are allocated by use of specific knowledge on on individual sectors.

Road transport emissions are allocated by using information on fuel consumption from the energy accounts combined with emission factors and national totals as reported UNFCCC and UNECE.

The basis for the emission account is the energy account. From the balance of payments we have information on purchase of fuel by Danish residents outside Denmark. The character of the companies determines whether the fuel is used for air, water or land transport. From the Energy Agency we have information on fuel sold to foreign residents in Denmark. The difficulty is estimating the amounts of fuel bought by private residents in Denmark and outside Denmark, however, these amounts are assumed to be of the same magnitude.

Not relevant for this statistics.

Not applicable.