Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia

Business Register Section

Lacplesa iela 1, Riga, LV-1010, Latvia

The EuroGroups register (EGR) is the statistical business register of Eurostat, the EU Member States and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries for multinational enterprise groups. The purpose of the EGR is to offer statistical users a tool for coordinating frame population, to derive consistent statistical output with an improved quality in measuring global activities of European enterprises that are part of multinational enterprise groups.

EGR produces data in annual cycles and covers micro-data on groups and their enterprises and legal units. The purpouse of the EGR is to register all multinational enterprise groups that have enterprises in EU Member States or EFTA countries, including European and non-European groups.

Member States, EFTA countries and Eurostat exchange data on multinational enterprise groups and entities belonging to these groups for the purposes of the European Statistical Business Register System, in order to ensure the quality of information on multinational enterprise groups in the Union.

EGR collects microdata on multinational enterprise groups from national statistical institutes of the EU and EFTA countries in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 2152/2019 requirements and data from a commercial source outside the EU and EFTA.

Classification systems and main code lists used in the EGR are as follows:

• European System of Accounts (ESA 2010);
• List of 2-digit country codes (ISO 3166-1);
• List of legal forms of the legal units;
• Currency codes (ISO 4217);
• Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS)
• Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community NACE Rev.2

The scope of the data transmitted to the EGR is defined in Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics.

For the purposes of the European statistical business register framework, the following economic activities are considered:

• any activity comprising the offer of goods and services on a given market;
• non-market services contributing to the GDP;
• direct and indirect holdings of active legal units.

Holding assets and/or liabilities are also considered an economic activity.

Enterprise groups obtain the following units:

• all enterprises carrying out economic activities that contribute to GDP and are part of a multinational enterprise group;
• the legal units of which those enterprises are composed;
• multinational truncated enterprise groups to which those enterprises belong.

Global group head

The global group head (GGH) of an enterprise group is the parent legal unit that is not controlled either directly or indirectly by any other legal unit. The subsidiary legal units of a subsidiary legal unit are considered to be subsidiaries of the parent legal unit.

Global decision centre

The global decision centre (GDC) of an enterprise group is the unit where the enterprise group level’s strategic decisions are taken. A group may have several decision-making centres or several units dedicated to a particular internal function, for example accounting or human resources. However, the decisions about the group are made only in the GDC. The GDC may be the GGH or another legal unit under the GGH.

Ultimate Controlling Institutional unit

The ultimate controlling institutional unit (UCI) of a foreign affiliate means the institutional unit higher up a foreign affiliate’s chain of control that is not controlled by another institutional unit.

 Activity of unit

A statistical unit is considered to have been active during the reference period, if in said period it either realized positive net turnover or produced outputs or had employees or performed investments. 

A legal unit can be legally or administratively active without any economic activity, when the inactive legal unit is part of an enterprise in combination with economically active legal units. Holding assets and/or liabilities shall also be regarded as an economic activity.

Number of employees

The number of employees represents the average number of persons who were, at some time during the reference period, employees of the statistical unit.

Number of employees and self -employed persons

The number of employees represents the average number of persons who were, at some time during the reference period, employees of the statistical unit.

Net turnover

For all activities except for NACE 64, 65 and some activities of NACE 66 net turnover consists of all income arising during the reference period in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit, and is presented net of all price reductions, discounts and rebates granted by it.

Income is defined as increases in economic benefits during the reference period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.

The inflows referred to are arising from contracts with customers and are realized through the satisfaction by the statistical unit of performance obligations as foreseen in said contracts. Usually, a performance obligation is represented by the sale (transfer) of goods or the rendering of services, however, the gross inflows can also contain revenues obtained as a yield on the use by others of the statistical unit’s assets.

Excluded from net turnover are:

—   all taxes, duties or levies linked directly to revenue;

—   any amounts collected on behalf of any principal, if the statistical unit is acting as an agent in its relationship with said principal; 

—   all income not arising in the course of ordinary activities of the statistical unit. Usually, these types of income are classified as ‘Other (operating) income’, ‘Financial income’, ‘Extra-ordinary income’ or under a similar heading, depending on the respective set of generally accepted accounting standards used to prepare the financial statements.

Infra-annual statistics may not be able to take into account aspects such as annual price reductions, subsidies, rebates and discounts.

For the activities of NACE K6411, K6419 and K649 net turnover is defined as the value of output minus subsidies or government grants.

For the activities of NACE K642 and K643 net turnover can be approximated by the total operating costs, if net turnover is not available in the financial statements.

For the activities of NACE K6511, K6512 and K652 net turnover is defined as Gross premiums earned.

For the activities of NACE K653 the net turnover is defined as total pension contributions

For activities of NACE K66 for which net turnover is not available in the financial statements, net turnover is defined as the value of output minus subsidies or government grants. For activities of NACE K66 for which net turnover is available in the financial statements, the standard definition of net turnover applies. 

 Principal activity

The principal (or main) activity is the activity that contributes most to the total value added of a unit under consideration. Ideally, the principal activity of the unit should be determined with reference to the value added to the goods and services produced, by applying the top-down method. The top-down method follows a hierarchical principle: the classification of the unit at the lowest level of the classification must be consistent with the classification of the unit at higher levels. The principal activity so identified does not necessarily account for 50 % or more of the unit’s total value added.

In the European Union the classification of principal activity is determined by reference to NACE Rev. 2, first at the highest level of classification and then at more detailed levels (top-down method).

The statistical units maintained by EGR are defined in accordance with Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 on statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community.

The EGR frame includes the following units: Legal units, Enterprises and Multinational enterprise groups.

Legal units include:

- legal persons whose existence is recognized by law independently of the individuals or institutions which may own them or are members of them,

- natural persons who are engaged in an economic activity in their own right.

The legal unit always forms, either by itself or sometimes in combination with other legal units, the legal basis for the statistical unit known as the 'enterprise'.

Enterprise

The enterprise is the smallest combination of legal units that is an organizational unit producing goods or services, which benefits from a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making, especially for the allocation of its current resources. An enterprise carries out one or more activities at one or more locations. An enterprise may be a sole legal unit.

Enterprise group

An enterprise group is an association of enterprises bound together by legal and/or financial links. A group of enterprises can have more than one decision-making centre, especially for policy on production, sales and profit. It may centralise certain aspects of financial management and taxation. It constitutes an economic entity, which is empowered to make choices, particularly concerning the units that it comprises.

All-resident enetrprise group

All-resident enterprise group shall mean an enterprise group composed only of enterprises that are all resident in the same country.

Domestically controlled enterprise group

A domestically controlled enterprise group is a multinational group controlled by a group head that has its headquarters resident in the country compiling the business register.

Multinational enterprise group

A multinational enterprise group is an enterprise group that has at least two enterprises or legal units located in different countries.  In business statistics also term ‘global enterprise group’ is used.

The data transmitted to the EGR during the cycle consists of the following datasets.

Dataset with information on all incorporated resident legal units for the EGR Identification Service.

ISRLE file includes 218688. Population of resident legal units is sent to EGR for identification.

The data set with information on foreign legal units for the EGR Identification Service.

ISNORLE file including 827. Population of foreign legal unit recorded in national statistical business register is sent to EGR for identification.

The data set with information on legal units.

LEU file including 10515 resident legal unit belonging to a global enterprise group is sent to EGR for processing.

The data set with information on relationships of ownership and control.

REL file including 7030. relationships between legal units is sent to EGR for processing:

• two resident legal units
• one resident and one foreign legal unit
• two foreign legal units from non EU+EFTA countries.

Relationships in the REL are:

• control relationships (>50%)
• minority relationships (<50%)

The data set with information on enterprises.

ENT file including 10070. enterprises made of legal unit sent in LEU files is sent to EGR for processing.

The Data set with information on links between enterprises and legal units.

LEL file including 10044. links between enterprise (ENT) and legal units (LEU) is sent to EGR for processing.

The Data set with information on enterprise groups of which country is the GDC country for the EuroGroups Register.

GEG file including 4523. groups data is sent to the EGR for processing.

No data updates after the receiving preliminary frame.

The reference area for the national statistical business register is the territory of the country. For enterprise groups, any country located outside the national territory may be relevant.

The EGR frames are available from reference year 2008 onwards. NSI transmits data for the EGR production cycle since 2012 year.

Not applicable

The economic variables on employment are recorded in absolute figures.

The net turnover for enterprises is recorded in Euro currency.

The net turnover and net total asset is recorded in millions in Euro currency.

The reporting period of the data sent to the EGR reflects the situation as of 31 December of the given reference year.

The data transmitted to EGR during the EGR 2022 cycle includes data for the reference year 2022. Identification, economic variables (number of employees, turnover and economic activity) refer to the 2022 reference year.

The content of the national data sent to EGR is defined according the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics.

Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 is laying down the technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics.

Statistics Law

Cabinet Regulation No. 732 By-Laws of the Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia 

The legal framework setting up the procedures for EGR data exchanges and access to confidential data for the purpose of the European framework for statistical business registers are defined in the Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics (Art.10). 

Statistics Law

Data on CSB website https://stat.gov.lv/en/statistics-themes/business/number-enterprises-and-enterprise-demography

European legislation:

• Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics;
• Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on European business statistics (Art.10).

The national legislative measures or other formal procedures which prevent unauthorised disclosure of data that identify a person or economic entity either directly or indirectly include confidentiality in the production of official statistics https://www.csp.gov.lv/en/confidentiality-production-official-statistics

EGR data are stored by the Commission (Eurostat) and by the national statistical authorities (NSAs) in the EU Member States and EFTA countries in a secure area with restricted and controlled access.

The transmission of the EGR data is done in an encrypted form and by electronic means via the Commission (Eurostat) single entry point for exchange of confidential data eDamis

Rules applied for treating the data set to ensure statistical confidentiality and prevent unauthorised disclosure are defined according to the policy rules (see section 7.1).

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Eurostat Data Quality Programme monitors the quality and compliance of the data transmitted by the countries to EGR using the instruments of the EBS quality framework.

At national level, the quality of the data sent to EGR is assured as follows: 

• Management Systems of the Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) are certified according to requirements of ISO 9001:2015 standard "Quality management systems – Requirements" and information security management system standard ISO 27001:2013.  
• Quality policy of https://www.csp.gov.lv/en/media/2658/download?attachment

The quality assessment procedure includes:

• automatic validation procedures to check coherence between statistical units and their variables,
• data format and logical content of data
• crosschecks with other sources and data from previous years

The main national users is FATS for producing population and providing data quality checking.

Since 2017, Eurostat together with the EU Member States conducts SBR user survey addressing users and potential users of the national statistical business registers (NSBR) and the EuroGroups Register (EGR).

Overall, 2020 Statistical user survey showed that the EGR was widely used and had been significantly improved in the recent year. 

An additional user satisfaction survey on the use of enterprise group data at the national level not conducted.

 The completeness of national statistical business group register is annually assessed by Eurostat. 

The actions taken to monitor and to improve accuracy of the data sent to EGR are the following: 

• Analysing and commenting results of Eurostat’s EGR input and output quality indicators

• Ensuring national data supplied to EGR is according to quality criteria

• Ensuring national data are delivered on schedule

• Ensuring validation of national data with available common tools for EGR data

• Ensuring that year on year data changes have been explained satisfactorily

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The EGR process refers to a reference year T and is run yearly over a period of 11 months, between May T+1 and March T+2.

Data for the EGR final frame is provided annually to Eurostat according to the set deadline.

The geographical comparability of national statistical business registers and enterprise groups is ensured by the application of common definitions of the statistical units laid down in the Council Regulation .

The comparability over time of the frames results from the information provided in concept 3.8.

• NSBR frames are comparable for reference years 2012 to 2022
• NSBR frames are comparable for reference years 2005 to 2011

There have been sufficient changes in the methodology, classification, and data sources

Coherence of data sent to Eurostat with other data sources and statistical domains:

• FATS
• GVC

Data sent to EGR should be internally consistent. There is a set of standard quality checks that are routinely perform at national level before transmitting the data to Eurostat:

• SBR
• Administrative data 

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Group register is set up in accordance with EBS Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 using any relevant data sources:

• Statistical business register;
• Administrative data sources;
• FATS;
• Register of Enterprises of Republic of Latvia;
• etc.

National data sent to EGR annually

Data sent to EGR are collected from:

• National Statistical business registers
• Administrative data sources.
• Statistics on foreign affiliates (FATS)
• Short term statistics (STS)
• Structural business statistics (SBS)
• Register of Enterprises of Republic of Latvia
• etc.

Statistical analysis of the national statistical business register is carried out to ensure the quality of data and frame populations provided to users.

• Data validation procedures include:
  Format and file structure checks provided within the system.  
• Data comparison, linking between NSI data and external data source data.

Internal data source:

• FATS

External data source:

• the State Revenue Service annual reports

As well as information and data from EGR data sources

 The procedures used to combine data from different sources:

• Data linking
• Data matching

The  frame populations and annual copy of national statistical business register are produced.

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Lease provide any information that is pertinent to the report but does not fit under any of the other concepts.