Statistics Poland

Agriculture Department

00-950 Warsaw, Poland, Al. Niepodległości 208

The data describe the structure of agricultural holdings providing the general characteristics of farms and farmers and information on their land, livestock and labour force.  They also describe production methods, rural development measures and agro-environmental aspects that look at the impact of agriculture on the environment.

The data are used by public, researchers, farmers and policy-makers to better understand the state of the farming sector and the impact of agriculture on the environment. The data follow up the changes in the agricultural sector and provide a basis for decision-making in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other European Union policies.

The statistical unit is the agricultural holding (farm). The aggregated results are disseminated through statistical tables. The data are presented at different geographical levels and over periods.
The data collections are organised in line with Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and have a new structure, consisting of a core data set and several modules. The regulation covers the data collections in 2020 (the agricultural census), 2023 and 2026. The data are as comparable and coherent as possible with the other European countries.

Data are arranged in tables using many classifications. Please find below information on most classifications.

The classifications of variables are available in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The farm typology means a uniform classification of the holdings based on their type of farming and their economic size. Both are determined on the basis of the standard gross margin (SGM) (until 2007) or standard output (SO) (from 2010 onward) which is calculated for each crop and animal. The farm type is determined by the relative contribution of the different productions to the total standard gross margin or the standard output of the holding.

The territorial classification uses the NUTS classification to break down the regional data. The regional data is available at NUTS level 2.

The statistics cover agricultural holdings undertaking agricultural activities as listed in item 3.5 below and meeting the minimum coverage requirements (thresholds) as listed in item 3.6 below.

The list of core variables is set in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

The descriptions of the core variables as well as the lists and descriptions of the variables for the modules collected in 2020 are set in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The following groups of variables are collected in 2020:

• for core: location of the holding, legal personality of the holding, manager, type of tenure of the utilised agricultural area, variables of land, organic farming, irrigation on cultivated outdoor area, variables of livestock, organic production methods applied to animal production;
• for the module "Labour force and other gainful activities": farm management, family labour force, non-family labour force, other gainful activities directly and not directly related to the agricultural holding;
• for the module "Rural development": support received by agricultural holdings through various rural development measures;
• for the module "Animal housing and rural development module":  animal housing, nutrient use and manure on the farm, manure application techniques, facilities for manure.

See sub-category below.

The agricultural holding is a single unit, both technically and economically, that has a single management and that undertakes economic activities in agriculture in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 belonging to groups:

- A.01.1: Growing of non-perennial crops

- A.01.2: Growing of perennial crops

- A.01.3: Plant propagation

- A.01.4: Animal production

- A.01.5: Mixed farming or

- The “maintenance of agricultural land in good agricultural and environmental condition” of group A.01.6 within the economic territory of the Union, either as its primary or secondary activity.

Regarding activities of class A.01.49, only the activities “Raising and breeding of semi-domesticated or other live animals” (with the exception of raising of insects) and “Bee-keeping and production of honey and beeswax” are included.

See sub-categories below.

The thresholds of agricultural holdings are available in the annex.

The same population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.1. 

Core and modules were covered by full census. The module ‘Machinery and equipment’ was not collected in 2020.

The same population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.2.

See sub-categories below.

The entire territory of the country.

Not applicable

Not applicable.

Farm structure statistics in PL covers the period from 2002 onwards. Older time series are described in the previous quality reports (national methodological reports).

The 2020 data are processed (by Eurostat) with 2017 standard output coefficients (calculated as a 5-year average of the period 2015-2019). For more information, you can consult the definition of the standard output.

Two kinds of units are generally used:

• the units of measurement for the variables (area in hectares, livestock in heads or LSU (livestock units), labour force in persons or AWU (annual working units), standard output in Euro, places for animal housing etc.) and
• the number of agricultural holdings having these characteristics.

See sub-categories below.

The use of land refers to 1st June of  the reference year 2020, except cultivation of edible mushrooms which refers to the 12-month period from June 2, 2019 to June 1, 2020. In the case of successive crops from the same piece of land, the land use refers to a crop that is harvested during the reference year, regardless of when the crop in question is sown.

The 12-month period ending on 1 June within the reference year 2020.

The reference day for livestock is June 1, within the reference year 2020. The end of 12 months period which falls on June 1, 2020 for animal housing.

The 12-month period ending on 1 June within the reference year 2020.

The 12-month period ending on June 1, within the reference year 2020, except for the current activity which was related to the week from May 26 to June 1, 2020.

The three-year period ending on December 31, 2020.

Generally the reference day is 1 June within the reference year 2020 except:

• the variables from the scope: edible mushroom cultivation, the fertilised area and the amount of mineral, lime and lime-magnesium fertilisers used, the fertilised area and the amount of used manure, number of plant protection treatments applied, using the support of qualified advisers when making decisions about the use of plant protection products, knowledge of the principles of integrated pest management, number and area of specialised livestock buildings, number and area of other farm buildings, use of tractors and machines owned by other farms, cooperatives or service companies, economic activity, structure of incomes, economic activity except for current activity as well as fish farming and breeding, due to their specificity, covered the period of the last 12 months ending on the reference date of the study, i.e. the period from June 2, 2019 to June 1, 2020, inclusive.
• variables on current activity concerned the week from May 26 to June 1, 2020.

See sub-categories below.

The legal basis for the agricultural census are: 

1. Act of July 31, 2019, on the 2020 Census of Agriculture. (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1728),
2. Act of June 29, 1995 on public statistics (Journal of Laws of 2020, item 443),
3. Act of May 10, 2018 on the protection of personal data (Journal of Laws of 2019, item 1781).

https://spisrolny.gov.pl/images/pliki/PSR_2020_tekst_ujednolicony.pdf

Bulletin of Public Information / Law / Act on Official Statistics

https://www.uodo.gov.pl/pl/file/2368

Act of June 29, 1995 on public statistics (with later amendments)

Act of July 31, 2019, on the 2020 Census of Agriculture (with later amendments)

Act of May 10, 2018 on the protection of personal data (with later amendments).

Provisions on the use of administrative sources for the purposes of IFS 2020 can be found in the Act on the general agricultural census, as well as in the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council No. 2018/1091, which is the EU legal basis for the census. The latter document lists the registers recommended for use, i.e. the integrated management and control system IACS, the animal identification and registration system, the register of organic farms and administrative sources related to specific rural development measures. In line with the adopted assumptions, for the purposes of PSR 2020, administrative sources were used to build and update the list of farms, replace statistical data, validate, impute and analyse data. Ultimately, the frame was updated both subjectively and objectively with the data, apart from the statistical data listed in Annex 3 to the Act on Census and data from the systems (TERYT, SIMC, ULIC, NOBC) and Statistics Poland own surveys. 

The sources of the frame update from non-statistical collections were the data  of the following administrators:

• Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (ARMA)
  • farm records;
  • records of agricultural producers;
  • Animal Identification and Registration System (IRZ)

• Ministry of Finance - data on natural persons running special departments of agricultural production,
• General Inspectorate of Commercial Quality of Agricultural and Food Products (GIJHAR-S) - data on organic farms,
• Polish Horse Breeders Association (PZHK) in terms of data on equines,
• providers of publicly available telecommunications services,
• postal operator.

Pursuant to the provisions of the Act on official statistics (art. 10 and 12), all individual information and personal data collected and stored are covered by statistical confidentiality. The data obtained in the statistical survey can only be used exclusively for statistical studies, compilations and analyses and for creation by the public statistical services the frames for statistical surveys conducted by those services. Sharing or use of data collected for other purposes is prohibited under the sanction of criminal liability.

According to the above-mentioned ACT, all persons performing work related to the IFS 2020 were obliged to comply with the statistical confidentiality and were allowed to perform the work after training and instruction about the nature of the statistical confidentiality, as well as, signing the written oath with the content specified in the Act on official statistics.

Similar as in the case of all statistical surveys conducted by the Statistics Poland (GUS), also in the course of collecting, storing, processing and disseminating data from the IFS2020, the provisions of the Act on official statistics were strictly complied.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Pursuant to the Act  of 29 June 1995 on official statistics:

1. It shall not be allowed to publish or disseminate individual data obtained in the statistical services of official statistics.

2. It shall not be allowed to publish or disseminate obtained in statistical surveys of official statistics statistical information which can be linked or can identify natural persons or individual data characterising business entities, especially if the aggregated data consist of less than three entities.

See sub-categories below.

Researchers can use anonymized micro-data at a specially prepared computer station in the  Statistics Poland. Reports with aggregated data generated by user are checked by experts (statistical staff), responsible for enforcing statistical confidentiality according to the rules mentioned in item 7.2.1.1.

The schedule of the results of the agricultural census dissemination is available at official website of the Statistics Poland.

Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Rolnictwo. Leśnictwo / PSR 2020 / Ramowy harmonogram udostępniania informacji wynikowych z Powszechnego Spisu Rolnego 2020 (PSR 2020)

The rules for disseminating the resulting statistical information are based on:

1) the Act on public statistics;

2) IMF International Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) Guidelines;

3) the European Statistics Code of Practice.

Pursuant to the Act on official statistics, official statistics units disseminate the resulting statistical information in a professional manner (compliant with professional and ethical standards), ensuring equal treatment to all users, in accordance with applicable law. Official statistics provides equal, equal and simultaneous access to the resulting statistical information, in particular to the basic values and indicators, which the President of the Statistics Poland is obliged to publish on the basis of separate provisions of law.

In accordance with the dissemination policy in force at the Statistics Poland and the adopted schedule - the data obtained in the Census (preliminary and final) will be made available in:

• national database systems: Local Data Bank, Domain Knowledge Base, Statistical Geoportal, Scientist position,

• Eurostat database - Eurofarm,

• in the form of news and publications.

Individual orders for the results of the agricultural census will also be carried out on the basis of applications submitted by individual or institutional recipients. The results of the census from the national level to poviats are presented according to the seat of the farm user. The exception is the data on the typology of agricultural holdings, which are presented according to the seat of the farm. All data at the gminas level are made available according to the seat of the farm.

Not applicable.

Every 10 years for Census and every 3/4 years for FSS/IFS

See sub-categories below.

Wyniki wstępne Powszechnego Spisu Rolnego 2020 (spisrolny.gov.pl)

Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Rolnictwo. Leśnictwo / PSR 2020 / Pracujący i nakłady pracy w gospodarstwach rolnych w okresie 12 miesięcy – wyniki wstępne PSR 2020

See sub-categories below.

Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Rolnictwo. Leśnictwo / PSR 2020 / Powszechny Spis Rolny 2020. Raport z wyników, Statistics Poland, 2021

Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Rolnictwo. Leśnictwo / PSR 2020 / Powszechny Spis Rolny 2020. Metodologia i organizacja badania, Statistics Poland, 2021

Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Rolnictwo. Leśnictwo / PSR 2020 / Powszechny Spis Rolny 2020. Raport z wyników, Statistics Poland, 2021

Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Rolnictwo. Leśnictwo / PSR 2020 / Pracujący i nakłady pracy w gospodarstwach rolnych w okresie 12 miesięcy – wyniki wstępne PSR 2020, Statistics Poland, 2021

The following publications with the final results are planned to be released in 2022:

- Characteristics of agricultural holdings (June 2022).

- Labour force in agricultural holdings (December 2022).

The publications will contain methodological information, together with basic definitions, analysis of results, as well as tables presenting numerical data. The IFS 2020 data will be also available in comprehensive GUS publications, e.g. in the Statistical Yearbook of Poland and the Statistical Yearbook of Agriculture. All publications are released in paper form, and are available on-line.

See sub-categories below.

The Local Data Bank (LDB) was loaded with the IFS 2020 preliminary data in September -  December 2021. The final data will be available by the end of August 2022.

Rolnictwo (stat.gov.pl)

Start - Portal Geostatystyczny

Statistics Poland - Local Data Bank 

See sub-category below.

Not available.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

The quality reports on IFS 2020 are published on Eurostat's webpage.

Główny Urząd Statystyczny / Obszary tematyczne / Rolnictwo. Leśnictwo / PSR 2020 / Powszechny Spis Rolny 2020. Metodologia i organizacja badania,  Statistics Poland, 2021

Not applicable.

Manual for interviewers, Statistics Poland, Agriculture Department

Not available.

See sub-categories below.

For the AC 2020 census, a data collection system with very detailed validations was developed. Surveillance of the interviewers was optimised by using the Corstat application. Automatic validation in the questionnaire were implemented as well as quality management tools on the level of central database. 

Activities in the field of improving the quality of research frames, among others:

• carrying out works aimed at improving the quality of the frame of agricultural surveys, incl. by recognizing the possibility and advisability of using new sources of administrative data and the integration with the frame of social surveys.

•carrying out works aimed at obtaining consistency of the identification of the sampling frame with the administrative files.

In general, the data quality is satisfactory.

The list of characteristics for the IFS 2020 is in accordance with the EU requirements, as well as the requirements  and the needs of the domestic users. These needs were submitted primarily, by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (own analyses, shaping the agricultural policy), scientific institutes, producer’s organisations. IFS data are collected as well as for the needs of statistics: ensuring the data time series, livestock production forecasts, crops and harvest estimates, estimates of the number of workforce engaged in agriculture, analyses on population connected with agriculture and rural  areas, calculation of the registered unemployment rate.

The list of characteristics surveyed exclusively for the national needs:

• sales of the agricultural products,

• consumption by the holder’s household more than 50% of the value of the final production of the holding,

• income structure of holder’s household,

• area of specific crops not specified in Regulation (EU) 2018/1091,

• number of livestock by groups (weight, use) not specified in Regulation (EU) 2018/1091,

• fish farming and breeding,

• use of agricultural tractors and machines,

• the amount of mineral, lime and lime-magnesium fertilizers used,

• the amount of used manure,

• number of plant protection treatments applied,

• using the support of qualified advisors when making decisions about the use of plant protection products,

• knowledge of the principles of integrated pest management,

• number and area, specialized animal buildings and other farm buildings,

• did the person live and form a household with the holder on 1 June,

• work on own holding in the current week (exclusively; mainly; additionally; worked only outside the holding),

• level of general education of the manager,

• number of working days worked on the holding connected with agricultural production in the period of the last 12 months by neighbour assistance, other persons working on the legal persons’ farms.

The part of the data needs reported by external institutions were not (or only partially) included in the AC 2020  due to:

• obtainable from administrative sources.

• possibility of obtaining as secondary data from primary census data.

• possibility to estimate on the basis of analyses of available data.

• possibility of inclusion in other statistical surveys.

• due to the nature of the census and the significant burden on the respondent

• potential great difficulties in understanding the question by the respondents.

Consultations with national data users will be organized ahead of the next editions of the IFS structure surveys.

There is no specific procedure to measure user satisfaction for the purposes of the Census, however positive information comes from data users like ministries, scientific institutes. Meetings with users are organised on the occasion of the official publication of the census data.

Not applicable.

Information on low- and zero prevalence variables is available on: Eurostat's website.

Not applicable for Integrated Farm Statistics as the not collected variables, not-significant variables and not-existent variables are completed with 0.

See categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable. The data collection was based entirely on census.

Not applicable. 

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

The over-coverage rate is available in the annex. The over-coverage rate is unweighted.
The over-coverage rate is calculated as the share of ineligible holdings to the holdings designated for the core data collection. The ineligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status that are not imputed nor re-weighted for (therefore considered ineligible).
The over-coverage rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat. Over-coverage units were identified  during data collection.

Using administrative sources played an important role in the construction of the list of farms. Supply of administrative sources caused a number of issues and the need to correct the list of farms. The Census took into account the factual, not the legal status. Some farms were removed from the list during polls and processing. The farms were liquidated from the census because they did not meet the definition of an agricultural holding, i.e. they ceased agricultural activity or the activity was at a very low level (below the thresholds included in the definition of an agricultural holding).

All common units were created and flagged on the level of gminas based on administrative sources.

See sub-categories below.

Under-coverage rate is low (approx. 1%) as the quality of the statistical farm register is high (most units are registered in administrative registers).

To ensure the appropriate quality of the survey frame, the statistical farm register is regularly updated on the basis of many administrative sources as well as agricultural surveys. Additionally, in the census AC 2020, we have created the option of adding a farm to the register of farms.

Not available.

Not applicable.

In the process of preparing the frame for the Census, the results of works carried out under the grant "Modernisation of agricultural statistics" were used. As part of the grant implementation, the following works were carried out to update the frame:

* correction and supplementation of the addresses existing in frame (farm headquarters, user's headquarters and correspondence address) based on the NOBC database,

* update of x, y coordinates for address data - address of the user's seat and the seat of the farm.

Additionally cross-check with administrative registers was applied. Information came also from respondents in the census questionnaire.

See sub-categories below.

The main source of measurement errors were respondents and interviewers. The scale of this type of errors is not fully known. Most of the errors were caught and corrected by a set of validations and by automatic corrections. There were cases when respondents discontinued the interview (CAWI).

Additionally there occurred errors at entering data by respondents in the CAWI method. Wide range of surveyed characteristics, difficult questions, as well as unclear definitions also caused measurement errors. Respondents and interviewers found the Labour force section as the most complicated. There was a tendency to deliberately shorten the list of members of the family labour particularly with regard to the questions concerning OGA (MOGA_FAM_RH, SOGA_FAM_RH). There was also a problem with collecting information on the number of hired workers involved in OGA (MOGA_NFAM_RH, SOGA_NFAM_RH).

Characteristics that caused most measurement errors are listed below:

• an issue with separation of the area of fresh vegetables growing in the crop rotation with agricultural crops (V0000_S0000TO) from growing in rotation with horticultural crops (V0000_S0000TK),
• too small number of people working in agricultural production was introduced in relation to the size of the farm.

All detected errors were corrected automatically or by expert method at the data collection stage or during the dataset validation. For characteristics for which errors most often appear, the Manual for interviewers is supplemented with comments and additional explanations. The control algorithms in the form application and the validation rules are also improved.

Several validation processes were introduced during data collection and data processing in order to minimise the risk of measurement errors. The AC electronical application adapted to the type of farm, leading the respondent / enumerator along the “paths” of the interview by selecting the appropriate questions and setting the order in which they were asked. The definitions of the studied variables were additional help. The form allowed for ongoing logical, accounting and scope control of entries. In case of errors, it was signalled and there were hints for their improvement. It should be emphasized that not every respondent was asked about everything, because the number and type of collected variables depended on the specificity of a given farm. The use of an electronic questionnaire was extremely helpful, as it contained the necessary definitions and clarifications. In order to eliminate any errors connected with misunderstanding or misinterpretation of methodological principles or definitions, or with any extraordinary circumstances, enumerators could report any problems to Census coordinators. Depending on their complexity, such issues could be then solved at the local or central level. In order to ensure an efficient exchange of information and communication, a special system was developed to foster an ongoing communication between the commune and voivodship census bureaux, and the Statistics Poland. Dedicated application covered all questions regarding the census organisation, the methodology of the census, as well as the use of census applications. With a view to minimising the number of errors made by enumerators and interviewers, a number of training courses were conducted. A set of very detailed questionnaire completion guidelines was also developed.

See sub-categories below.

The unit non-response rate is in the annex of item 13.3.1.1. The unit non-response rate is unweighted.
The unit non-response rate is calculated as the share of eligible non-respondent holdings to the eligible holdings.  The eligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status which are imputed or re-weighted for (therefore considered eligible).
The unit non-response rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat.

After the census was completed, a detailed analysis of this type of errors was performed. Based on data from administrative sources and current surveys, data for non-response units has been imputed.

The electronic questionnaire did not allow omitting mandatory questions, or leaving them unanswered. Due to this feature, item non-response for particular questions was marginal. Incomplete questionnaires occurred in the case of online self-interviews (CAWI). They were forwarded for completion to the CATI or CAPI methods. In a small number of cases, the missing data was imputed based on existing data in the poll. Generally in the CAPI and CATI methods, apart from infrequent cases, fully completed forms were obtained. If after finishing the form (CAWI), respondent realised that he missed some information, incomplete questionnaires  were supplemented by department employees, based on e-mail / telephone information from the respondent.

Generally there were no significant non-responses for any of the surveyed variables.

Data imputation was performed in the rare case of those farms for which the several section (eg. AE) was not completed. The nearest neighbour method was used. An important issue in the context of the non-response rate reduction was to popularise census information among farmers, including its objectives and significance, as well as the obligatory nature. In accordance with the Law on Agricultural Census, respondents were obliged to provide reliable responses to all questions included in the questionnaire. Before start of the Census the Letter of the President of the Statistics Poland was distributed to all respondents, requesting them to participate in the census and assuring that any data collected will be subject to strict statistical confidentiality. An important role was played by the Call Centre, where the respondents might obtain detailed information or clarify any doubts by phone. This application also allowed for setting a suitable date of the enumerator’s visit in the farm. A proper training of enumerators and interviewers, who were able not only to effectively motivate the users to participate in the survey, but also to deal with troublesome respondents, also led to a lower number of refusals. In the case of absence of an holder, the enumerator could conduct an interview with any other adult member of the holder’s household.

See sub-categories below.

To minimise processing errors the data collections system (apps.) was extensively tested. The main Census dataset was covered by an automatic logical and accounting control and it was verified in terms of the scope. The control algorithms also included the principles of validation required by Eurostat. Control rules were established for each section of the questionnaire. The sections were verified in a specified order. Having controlled and possibly adjusted a given module, a subsequent module was verified. Upon completion of the control process, a reports were generated, containing information on the validation principles applied and errors identified. The erroneous records, were analysed by experts who, based on their specialised knowledge and information available, identified the errors and decided how they should be treated (accepted or corrected and the way of correction).

Staff - Agriculture Department and Labour Market Department experts, IT specialists. Tools - SQL, SAS system and Gitlab.

Among sources of processing errors there were: mistakes in algorithms for validation as well as wrong implementation of the algorithms. Wrong algorithms and errors in implementation were verified and corrected.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Preliminary results were released on March 31, 2021, i.e. 3 month from the last day of the reference year. 

Final results will be  released in the period from April to December 2022, i.e. about 17-25 months from the last day of the reference year. 

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

Data are published according to the planned timetable

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable, because there are no mirror flows in Integrated Farm Statistics.

See sub-categories below.

No deviations.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Differences exist, we sent to Eurostat the holdings of area 1 ha UAA and more. For national purposes we collected data also for farms below 1 ha UAA.

In Poland there is visible trend of splitting up  larger holdings into smaller with area UAA below 1 ha, due  to the process of inheritance among family members.

See sub-categories below.

There are no deviations from Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and the EU handbook.

The information is available in the annex. 
The number of working hours and days in a year for a full-time job correspond to one annual working unit (AWU) in the country. One annual work unit corresponds to the work performed by one person who is occupied on an agricultural holding on a full-time basis. Annual working units are used to calculate the farm work on the agricultural holdings.

In Poland, 2 120 hours are assumed as full-time work on a farm (265 working days, 8 hours a day).

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

No use of different LSU coefficients.

For national needs, equine data were collected as a separate variable, however for the EUROFARM purposes, equine are counted among the item ,,Other livestock (A0030)’’.

Maintenance of time series.

See sub-categories below.

No deviations.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

For the survey purposes common land holdings were especially created (on the gminas level). Common land consists of meadows and pastures. Number of especially created common land units is 843.

We did not experience problems to collect data on common land.

See sub-categories below.

Only the EU standards and rules specified in Council Regulation No 834/2007 are applied in Poland (there are no national standards and rules).

Not applicable.

No differences.

See sub-categories below.

The IFS 2020 data are not fully comparable with the AC 2002, FSS 2005 and 2007 data. The differences concern only the smallest units, i.e. natural person’s agricultural holding under 1 ha of agricultural area.

See sub-categories below.

Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 newly considers agricultural holdings with only fur animals. However even if our country raises fur animals, holdings with only fur animals are not included in our data collection because they do not meet the thresholds.  We did not add thresholds related to fur animals; there is no reason for it (fur animals do not contribute towards 98% of the total LSU).

See sub-categories below.

The thresholds were changed to be in line with Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Legal personality of the agricultural holding

In IFS, there is a new class (“shared ownership”) for the legal personality of the holding compared to FSS 2016, which trigger fluctuations of holdings in the classes of sole holder holdings and group holdings.

 Other livestock n.e.c.

In FSS 2016, deer were included in this class, but in IFS they are classified separately.

Also in FSS 2016, there was a class for the collection of equidae. That has been dropped and equidae are included in IFS in "other livestock n.e.c."

Livestock units

In FSS 2016, turkeys, ducks, geese, ostriches and other poultry were considered each one in a separate class with a coefficient of 0.03 for all the classes except for ostriches (coefficient 0.035). In IFS 2020, the coefficients were adjusted accordingly, with turkeys remaining at 0.03, ostriches remaining at 0.35, ducks adjusted to 0.01, geese adjusted to 0.02 and other poultry fowls n.e.c. adjusted to 0.001.

Organic animals

While in FSS only fully compliant (certified converted) animals were included, in IFS both animals under conversion and fully converted are to be included.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

In 2016, the records were created at NUTS3 level while in 2020 they were at commune levels. This would explain the increase of the number of common land units between 2016 and 2020.

In Poland since 2016 there have been spotted progressing changes as following aspects:

• decrease in the number of farms, especially individual farms with small-scale production,

• continuation of the process of mechanisation of agricultural holdings aimed at rational use of equipment and machines,

• decrease in the number of people combining work on their farm with other gainful activities in favour of a complete transition to non-agricultural work outside the farm.

• the reduction in labour inputs on farms (both family workload and permanent employees) as well as in the number of people conducting this work

Additionally the cultivation area of industrial crops has raised significantly. This was a result of the increase of the rape cultivation area. Rape becomes more and more popular among farmers due to the growing selling price. The decrease in the area of permanent grasslands was caused by a change in the way of feeding cattle, in which maize plays an increasingly important role. It was possible to observe an growth of the poultry population confirming the position of Poland as the largest poultry producer in Europe. 

The differences between 2016 and 2020 may result from a different approach in surveying data as a result of changes in the economic structure and organisational changes as well as concentration trends taking place in PL agriculture. SO outliers confirmed. The difference in the LSU is due to a different approach to the surveying of agricultural holdings. In IFS 2020, due to the scope of questions regarding economic activity, holdings, e.g. legal persons consisting of many units / farms in which contract rearing of farm animals, (e.g. pigs), was carried out, and these units were surveyed separately. On the other hand in FSS 2016, the above-mentioned the set of farms were surveyed as one farm with the total number of pigs. Therefore, these data cannot be compared.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because there are no sub annual data collections in agriculture.

Not applicable, because Integrated Farm Statistics have no relevance for national accounts.

See sub-categories below.

For characteristics, in case of  the outliers or illogical values comparison was made with data obtained in other or previous agricultural surveys as well as the ARMA data. There were some differences in the area of agricultural land between the IFS 2020 and the ARMA microdata. The found errors were corrected. The final analysis showed the consistency of the data.

See sub-categories below.

The IFS validated, aggregated data were analysed with comparison with other sources of data: animal production surveys (eg animal slaughter, poultry hatching), other statistical surveys (eg external trade balance), external sources (eg ARMA, data from rape and sugar beet contracting), The analysis of the IFS data showed that results and trends were coherent.

The IFS data are used in agricultural analysis, estimation of crop and animal production, EAA, national accounts, labour force and agro-environmental studies, as well as FADN.

The values for Crops and Animal production statistics 2020 will be adjusted after reporting the final Census data.
- Animal production statistics present the state of the livestock population as of 01/12/2020. From representative surveys (sample of 30 thousand farms). In PSR 2020, due to the scope of questions regarding economic activity, holdings, e.g. legal persons consisting of many units / farms in which contract rearing of livestock, e.g. pigs, is carried out, were surveyed separately. In the regular annual research on animal production, the farms were surveyed as one farm with the total number of farm animals, e.g. pigs. The results from the above-mentioned studies cannot be comparable.
- In the crop production statistics, we apply different rules than in livestock production. We do not conduct representative surveys for crop production in the years in which the IFS is carried out.
- The data on CULTIVATED AREA in the Eurostat database 2020 are preliminary data. These data will be revised with the data on area coming from census 2020. At the level of regional data, there may still be differences due to the method of data presentation. In the Eurostat database, the data are presented according to residence of farm holder, while the data from the census 2020 are presented according to the holding headquarter.

The data are internally consistent. This is ensured by the application of a wide range of validation rules.

See sub-categories below.

The date of the AC2020 was selected so that the dates of other surveys did not overlap. Additionally, to decrease the cost and burden of respondents, one integrated form was developed to collect core data and data from modules. This solution allowed to avoid the situation that respondents have to answer the same questions two or more times as well as to reduce number of the phone calls or visits of the interviewers. In order to reduce costs, all farms could provide their data electronically. Additionally, administrative data were used as much as possible.

Not available.

See sub-categories below.

Not available.

Not available

Not available

Not available.

The Statistics Poland has revision policy in line with the European Statistics Code of Practice, legal acts of the European Union concerning Community statistics as well as guidelines on ESS revision policy for the Principal European Economic Indicators (PEEIs). In case of planned revision, the Statistics Poland elaborates annual schedule for the revisions of statistical data, which is published on the Information Portal of the Statistics Poland. This schedule contains all revisions planned for particular year, including dates of data availability after completion of the revision, of which final data. In addition, information on important planned revisions, resulting from changes in classifications, standards, methodology or definitions is provided in an especially prepared information notes on the Information Portal of the Statistics Poland in advance relevant to the publication of data. In case of unplanned revisions and corrections of editorial errors, results are published immediately after their completion together with explanation of the reasons.

In case of agricultural census there is a practice of publishing preliminary data and final data. Since 2002 to date there was no need to conduct unplanned revisions in case of the IFS/FSS.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

List of agricultural holdings.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable for 2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

No applicable

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

See sub-categories below.

The information is available on Eurostat's website.

See the attached Excel file in the Annex.

The information on innovative approaches is available on Eurostat's website.

The agricultural census is conducted every 10 years. The decennial agricultural census is complemented by sample or census-based data collections organised every 3-4 years in-between.

See sub-categories below.

Please find the questionnaires in annex.

See sub-categories below.

Validation rules were implemented in the questionnaires and within data processing software.For the purposes of census data processing, the Statistical Data Acquisition, Processing and Integration System (SPDS) was used, which replaced several dozen previously used applications managing the processing of data obtained in individual statistical surveys. The system operates in a uniform environment and provides all the necessary functions, which include import of collected statistical data, editing individual entries, validation of processed data, sharing data on the basis of which preliminary reports will be generated, auto-correction and data imputation, editing information on the fulfilment of reporting obligations, defining reports and control tables, generating reports and control tables, data storage and transfer to external subsystems (statistical data warehouse).Each stage of data processing ends with the generation of a validation report and control tables.

After data collection and pre-processing by data is accessed to Agriculture Department and Labour Market Department's staff  for final data compilation, which includes checks and analyses at different levels (micro, macro).

Unit non-response – rate is 3,0%, item non-response is not computed. 

Covered under Data compilation.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because it collects structural data on agriculture.

See sub-categories below.

CAP – Common Agricultural Policy

CAPI – Computer Assisted Personal Interview

CATI – Computer Assisted Telephone Interview

CAWI – Computer Assisted Web Interview

FSS – Farm Structure Survey

IACS – Integrated Administration and Control System

IFS – Integrated Farm Statistics

LSU – Livestock units

NACE – Nomenclature of Economic Activities

NUTS – Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics

PAPI – Paper and Pencil Interview

SO – Standard output

UAA – Utilised agricultural area.

No additional comments.