REPUBLIC OF CROATIA - CROATIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS 

Spatial statistics Directorate/Agricultural, Production and Structural Statistics Department

REPUBLIC OF CROATIA - CROATIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS

Ilica 3, 10000 Zagreb

Republic of Croatia

www.dzs.hr

Spatial statistics Directorate/Agricultural, Production and Structural Statistics Department          

Branimirova 19, 10 000 Zagreb

The data describe the structure of agricultural holdings providing the general characteristics of farms and farmers and information on their land, livestock and labour force.  They also describe production methods, rural development measures and agro-environmental aspects that look at the impact of agriculture on the environment.

The data are used by public, researchers, farmers and policy-makers to better understand the state of the farming sector and the impact of agriculture on the environment. The data follow up the changes in the agricultural sector and provide a basis for decision-making in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other European Union policies.

The statistical unit is the agricultural holding (farm). The aggregated results are disseminated through statistical tables. The data are presented at different geographical levels and over periods.
The data collections are organised in line with Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and have a new structure, consisting of a core data set and several modules. The regulation covers the data collections in 2020 (the agricultural census), 2023 and 2026. The data are as comparable and coherent as possible with the other European countries.

Data are arranged in tables using many classifications. Please find below information on most classifications.

The classifications of variables are available in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The farm typology means a uniform classification of the holdings based on their type of farming and their economic size. Both are determined on the basis of the standard gross margin (SGM) (until 2007) or standard output (SO) (from 2010 onward) which is calculated for each crop and animal. The farm type is determined by the relative contribution of the different productions to the total standard gross margin or the standard output of the holding.

The territorial classification uses the NUTS classification to break down the regional data. The regional data is available at NUTS level 2.

The statistics cover agricultural holdings undertaking agricultural activities as listed in item 3.5 below and meeting the minimum coverage requirements (thresholds) as listed in item 3.6 below.

The list of core variables is set in Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

The descriptions of the core variables as well as the lists and descriptions of the variables for the modules collected in 2019/2020 are set in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1874.

The following groups of variables are collected in 2020:

• for core: location of the holding, legal personality of the holding, manager, type of tenure of the utilised agricultural area, variables of land, organic farming, irrigation on cultivated outdoor area, variables of livestock, organic production methods applied to animal production;
• for the module "Labour force and other gainful activities": farm management, family labour force, non-family labour force, other gainful activities directly and not directly related to the agricultural holding;
• for the module "Rural development": support received by agricultural holdings through various rural development measures;
• for the module "Animal housing and rural development module":  animal housing, nutrient use and manure on the farm, manure application techniques, facilities for manure.

See sub-category below.

The agricultural holding is a single unit, both technically and economically, that has a single management and that undertakes economic activities in agriculture in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006 belonging to groups:

- A.01.1: Growing of non-perennial crops

- A.01.2: Growing of perennial crops

- A.01.3: Plant propagation

- A.01.4: Animal production

- A.01.5: Mixed farming or

- The “maintenance of agricultural land in good agricultural and environmental condition” of group A.01.6 within the economic territory of the Union, either as its primary or secondary activity.

Regarding activities of class A.01.49, only the activities “Raising and breeding of semi-domesticated or other live animals” (with the exception of raising of insects) and “Bee-keeping and production of honey and beeswax” are included.

See sub-categories below.

The thresholds of agricultural holdings are available in the annex.

The same population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.1.

A subset of the population of agricultural holdings defined in item 3.6.2. (not only agricultural holdings with at least one of the following: bovine animals, pigs, sheep, goats, poultry).

See sub-categories below.

The entire territory of the country.

Not applicable.

Not available.

Farm structure statistics in our country cover the period from 2007 onwards. Older time series are described in the previous quality reports (national methodological reports).

The 2020 data are processed (by Eurostat) with 2017 standard output coefficients (calculated as a 5-year average of the period 2015-2019). For more information, you can consult the definition of the standard output.

Two kinds of units are generally used:

• the units of measurement for the variables (area in hectares, livestock in (1000) heads or LSU (livestock units), labour force in persons or AWU (annual working units), standard output in Euro, places for animal housing etc.) and
• the number of agricultural holdings having these characteristics.

See sub-categories below.

The use of land refers to the 12-month period ending on 1st June within the reference year 2020. In the case of successive crops from the same piece of land, the land use refers to a crop that is harvested during the reference year, regardless of when the crop in question is sown.

The 12-month period ending on  1^st June within the reference year 2020.

The reference day 1^st  June within the reference year 2020.

The 12-month period ending on 1^st June 2020. This period includes the reference day used for livestock and animal housing.

The 12-month period ending on 1^st June 2020 within the reference year 2020.

The three-year period ending on 31 December 2020.

The reference day 1^st June within the reference year 2020.

See sub-categories below.

Act on Agricultural Census 2000.

https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2019_06_63_1233.html

2020

Act on Agricultural Census 2020 gives Croatian Bureau of Statistics (CBS) rights to access data available in administrative sources and databases (IACS, vineyard register, records relating to rural development measures). Furthermore, there are written agreements with data providing and receiving agencies.

Statistical data collected for IFS2020, according to the Law on official statistics (NN, br. 25/20.) is confidential and its purpose is restricted exclusively to statistical usage. Authorised interviewers are obliged to respect these restrictions. The results will be published in a cumulative form which prevents displaying data on individuals.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

In the ongoing CBS restructuring, it is foreseen to place the focal point for ensuring confidentiality, including provision of guidance, recommending appropriate methodologies and periodical examination of methods used for data protection, within the Statistical Business Register, Classifications, Sampling, Statistical Methods and Analyses Department. A filter is applied during the table compilation using the following processes:

• dominance treatment: if any holdings account for at least 85% of the value, this value is put to zero;

• small number of units: if a value is calculated from less than 3 holdings, this value is put to zero;

• rounding: the values are rounded to the closer multiple of 10.

See sub-categories below.

The information is provided in the Ordinance on Conditions and Terms of Using Confidential Data for Scientific Purposes (Official Gazette, No. 137/13) which defines in detail conditions, modalities and measures for protecting confidential information (research proposal submitted by independent researchers or research entities referred to in Article 2 of the Ordinance; access to confidential data on the basis of research proposals submitted and approved; confidential declaration has to be signed by any individual researcher using confidential data; special contract has to be concluded inter CBS and independent researcher or research entity; access to confidential data may be granted only for the period of the duration of the research project, max 5 years; obligations for taking all legal, administrative, technical and organisational safeguards of the confidential data for scientific purpose which have been granted; confidential data must be destroyed when the research project is finished; after expiry of the research project, the researchers or research entity are obliged to provide CBS with references to all reports that have been produced using the data; termination access to data etc.).

Each usage of confidential information is regulated through a specific contract with CBS, which strictly regulates this issue.

Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the calendar of statistical data issues. This Calendar contains the review of publications planned to be issued in current year and by the end of May for next year, which depends on when the processing of a particular statistical survey can be finished and on whether it is feasible to make a particular kind of publication or not. All Calendars are publicly available.

https://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/kalendar/2021/Kalendar2021.pdf

Data are disseminated according to a predefined calendar and are simultaneously available to all users on the pages of CBS.

Not applicable.

Every 3-4 years.

See sub-categories below.

 https://web.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/publication/2020/01-01-29_01_2020.htm

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

We do not monitor and record the number of consultations of data tables in the field of farm structure.

Database with IFS2020 data is available on the website of CBS: Statistical database

See sub-category below.

Not available.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Title - Upute za popisivače; Upute za poslovne subjekte.

Publisher - CROATIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS

Year - 2020

Please see the annexes.

CBS accepted Total quality management (TQM) approach as the general model for quality management, quality assessment and quality improvement. To support implementation of this model the basic strategic document is developed where the following main cornerstones of the TQM model are explained and described:

• High quality statistical processes and products

• User satisfaction

• Professional orientation of the employees

• Efficiency of the processes

• Reduction of the response burden

For each of these general aims, concrete actions are foreseen and plans for their implementation described.

https://www.dzs.hr/Eng/international/Quality_Report/Quality_Report_Documents/Quality_Report_Statistical_TQM.pdf

See sub-categories below.

In order to establish a comprehensive system of quality, the Croatian Bureau of Statistics applies the model of Total Quality Management, which also contains the Code of Practice of European Statistics. This model offers a possibility of continuous improvement for each business process. It focuses not only on products and services, but also to users and their satisfaction, the active participation of employees, long-term business success and social benefit. The communication is recognized as a key element of all statistical processes that affect the business success.

We started preparing files for import into the Generic Statistical Business Process Model (GSBPM) application from 2019 onwards.

In general, the data quality is good.

See attached files.

Ministry of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Government of the Republic of Croatia, researchers and the general public for the purpose of forming economic policy and allocating state budget resources.

Some of the characteristics were added to the questionnaire for national purposes only:

• holder's name and surname,

• areas under triticale (included in other cereals),

• areas under secondary crops,

• address of the holder,

• number of trees in extensive orchards and olive groves and number of vines in vineyards – needed for calculation of production,

• all spices of vegetables are added in open fields, in glasshouses and in kitchen gardens.

The characteristics surveyed only for national purposes are used in EAA, for updating farm register and for calculating standard output.

There is no information about unmet user needs.

Not applicable.

CBS conducts user satisfaction surveys.

2015

Information on low- and zero prevalence variables is available on: Eurostat's website.

Not applicable for Integrated Farm Statistics as the not collected variables, not-significant variables and not-existent variables are completed with 0.

See categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Please find the relative standard errors for the main variables in the annex.

Not applicable. Core and modules are carried out as a census. 

Not applicable. Core and modules are carried out as a census. 

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

The over-coverage rate is available in the annex. The over-coverage rate is unweighted.
The over-coverage rate is calculated as the share of ineligible holdings to the holdings designated for the core data collection. The ineligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status that are not imputed nor re-weighted for (therefore considered ineligible).
The over-coverage rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat. 

Core indicators as well as modules were surveyed as a census, no re-weighting was used and therefore ineligible units were just not taken into account when calculating totals.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

Under-coverage is very low as the frame for survey was statistical Register of agricultural holdings (SRAH) that has been updated with all available administrative sources.

Further updating of SRAH.

Not available.

Not applicable.

Contact information is constantly updated. Information comes  from the SBR, IACS or direct information from respondents in the census questionnaire.

See sub-categories below.

Statistics corrects possible errors of measurement using the logic-numeric control. We are trying to avoid the measurement error by training of interviewers and supervisors, control data and process validation. Characteristics that are complicated for both respondents and interviewers are related to labour force, animal housing and manure management.

After data entry, extreme values of variables are checked and corrected if necessary.

The CAPI application contains logic-numeric controls which warning interviewer on possible measurement caused errors. Also, the set of basic checks are implemented in CAWI application in order to reduce measurement errors. Remaining errors are mostly detected throw data processing and corrected accordingly.

See sub-categories below.

The unit non-response rate is in the annex of item 13.3.1.1. The unit non-response rate is unweighted.
The unit non-response rate is calculated as the share of eligible non-respondent holdings to the eligible holdings.  The eligible holdings include those holdings with unknown eligibility status which are imputed or re-weighted for (therefore considered eligible).
The unit non-response rate is calculated over the holdings in the main frame and if applicable frame extension, for which core data are sent to Eurostat.

The unit non-response rate was very low and no special analysis was made.

The item non-response is very low and it is not specially measured. 

Not applicable.

Unit non-response is handled by imputation of information from the available administrative sources.

See sub-categories below.

Within data validation tool exist lot of the numeric-logical controls and active signals that practically prevent the creation of processing errors.

Only employees from the Agricultural, Production and Structural Statistics Department, who were directly involved in data processing, were authorised to make corrections.

Not available.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Not requested.

Data are published according to the planned timetable.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable, because there are no mirror flows in Integrated Farm Statistics.

See sub-categories below.

The definition of agricultural holdings is in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

No differences.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

There are no deviations from Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and the EU handbook.

The information is available in the annex. 
The number of working hours and days in a year for a full-time job correspond to one annual working unit (AWU) in the country. One annual work unit corresponds to the work performed by one person who is occupied on an agricultural holding on a full-time basis. Annual working units are used to calculate the farm work on the agricultural holdings.

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

The information is available in the annex of item 15.1.4.1.1. 

No national livestock coefficients are used.

HR has used the same livestock coefficients as those set in Regulation (EU) 2018/1091.

No deviations. 

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

No deviations.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

In IFS2020, the land used as common land was directly attached to farms and also collected as common land units at regional level. The common land is mainly in state ownership. The obtained area of common land used by the farm was mainly added to the rough grazing area of the farm. A separate questionnaire for common land was not used in FSS questionnaire.

Concerning data coming from administrative source (Ministry of Agriculture), the area of common land is recorded in a special unit in the dataset at level of NUTS3 regions (15 units). In terms of tenure classification is treated as common land.

The area of permanent grassland in state owned is on around 1 million hectares in Croatia based on cadastral data (but not all area is used) and in common land units utilised area of grasslands is presented.

It was not possible to allocate the common land on farms with grazing livestock because data on lower NUTS were not available.

See sub-categories below.

No deviations.

Not applicable.

There are no differences in methods across regions within the country.

See sub-categories below.

10 years.

See sub-categories below.

Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 newly considers agricultural holdings with only fur animals. However, our country does not raise fur animals.

See sub-categories below.

A new threshold - for mushrooms -  was applied in 2020 (this category was non-significant in 2016).

Due to the changes in thresholds, the holdings with mushrooms are included. The impact on total utilised agricultural area and number of holdings is minor, but the impact on SO's is not negligible.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Legal personality of the agricultural holding

In IFS, there is a new class (“shared ownership”) for the legal personality of the holding compared to FSS 2016, which trigger fluctuations of holdings in the classes of sole holder holdings and group holdings.

Other livestock n.e.c.

In FSS 2016, there was a class for the collection of equidae. That has been dropped and equidae are included in IFS in "other livestock n.e.c."

Livestock units

In FSS 2016, turkeys, ducks, geese, ostriches and other poultry were considered each one in a separate class with a coefficient of 0.03 for all the classes except for ostriches (coefficient 0.035). In IFS 2020, the coefficients were adjusted accordingly, with turkeys remaining at 0.03, ostriches remaining at 0.35, ducks adjusted to 0.01, geese adjusted to 0.02 and other poultry fowls n.e.c. adjusted to 0.001.

Organic animals

While in FSS only fully compliant (certified converted) animals were included, in IFS both animals under conversion and fully converted are to be included.

See sub-categories below.

In FSS 2016, the 12-month period for land and labour force variables is from 1 June 2015 to 31 May 2016. 

In IFS 2020, the 12-month period for land and labour force variables is from 2 June 2019 to 1 June 2020.

See sub-categories below.

The methods used in 2016 were as follows:

- Common land is included in the land of agricultural holdings renting or being allotted the land based on written and oral agreements.

- Common land is included in the land of agricultural holdings based on a statistical model.

- Common land is included in separate records representing virtual entities without managers.

In 2020, these two methods have been used:

- Common land is included in separate records representing virtual entities without managers

- Common land is included in the land of agricultural holdings renting or being allotted the land based on written and oral agreements.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because there are no sub annual data collections in agriculture.

Not applicable, because Integrated Farm Statistics have no relevance for national accounts.

See sub-categories below.

IFS micro level data were compared with “Annual Crop Statistics” and “Animal Production Statistics”. There were differences related to the animal production statistics occurred due to the different reference dates.

See sub-categories below.

For animal production statistics, the differences occurred between IFS and animal production statistics are due to the different reference dates.

The data are internally consistent. This is ensured by the application of a wide range of validation rules.

See sub-categories below.

Within the framework of the IFS2020, the regular annual Survey on Areas Sown and Survey on early crops and fruits was carried out. With this kind of organisation we carried out only one survey and reduced the response burden on farmers. On the other hand, we have to provide results for the Survey on Areas Sown much earlier than for the IFS, which means more burdens for the CBS.

The biggest burden is on biggest units for which we have full coverage in the sample and for all cycles of surveys while for the smaller units the Classifications, Sampling, Statistical Methods and Analyses Department controlled that the same unit is not included in the sample in consecutive number of times. 

Not available.

See sub-categories below.

Not available.

Not available.

Not relevant (data were collected from the administrative source).

Not available.

Revision Policy of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics is based on the principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice.

Revision policy of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics distinguishes three types of revisions: regular revisions, major revisions and unscheduled revisions. 

Unplanned revision of the IFS2020 may be carried out. In any case it is necessary to clarify the reasons for a revision (mistake in data sources or calculations or due to the unexpected changes in the methodology or data sources).

Data revision is not planned so far.

Not requested.

See sub-categories below.

See sub-categories below.

Statistical Register of Agricultural holdings.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

Not applicable for 2019/2020.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

See sub-categories below.

The information is available on Eurostat's website.

See the attached Excel file in the Annex.

The information on innovative approaches is available on  Eurostat's website.

The agricultural census is conducted every 10 years. The decennial agricultural census is complemented by sample or census-based data collections organised every 3-4 years in-between.

See sub-categories below.

Please find the questionnaire in annex.

See sub-categories below.

Validation rules were used in the questionnaires and within special data processing tool. Additional validations were done through special queries.

Not applicable.

The imputation rate is 6,9%. Imputation is done for unit non-response and includes all corresponding variables from the administrative sources.

Covered under Data compilation.

Not applicable to Integrated Farm Statistics, because it collects structural data on agriculture.

See sub-categories below.

AWU - Annual working unit 

CAP – Common Agricultural Policy

CAPI –  Computer Assisted Personal Interview

CATI – Computer Assisted Telephone Interview

CAWI – Computer Assisted Web Interview

CBS - Croatian Bureau of Statistics

EAA - Economic accounts for Agriculture 

EU - European Union

FSS – Farm Structure Survey

GSBPM - Generic Statistical Business Process Model

IACS – Integrated Administration and Control System

IFS – Integrated Farm Statistics

LSU – Livestock units

NACE – Nomenclature of Economic Activities

NUTS – Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics

PAPI – Paper and Pencil Interview

SBR - Statistical business register 

SO – Standard output

SRAH - Register of agricultural holdings 

TQM - Total quality management

UAA – Utilised agricultural area

No additional comments.