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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union | ||
1.2. Contact organisation unit | Unit F2: Labour market | ||
1.5. Contact mail address | 2920 Luxembourg LUXEMBOURG |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 04/01/2010 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 04/01/2010 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 04/01/2010 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
The gender pay gap is given as the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. The gender pay gap is based on several data sources, including the European Community Household Panel (ECHP), the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and national sources. |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
The data disseminated in this table have been compiled using the economic activity classification are classified by NACE Rev. 1.1. For more information on NACE (Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community): |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
Overall economy. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
The gender pay gap in unadjusted form is given as the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
The statistical unit is the employee. |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
The target population consists of all paid employees aged 16-64 who are 'at work 15+ hours per week'. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
Data are available for the EU Member States, Croatia, Norway and Switzerland. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
Data are available for years 1994 to 2006 for most countries. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Not applicable. |
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Percentages. |
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The reference years are 1994 to 2006 for most countries. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
EU-Member States participated in the European Community Household Panel on a gentlemen's agreement basis. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Not applicable. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
Not applicable. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Nor applicable. |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website (see item 10 - 'Accessibility and clarity') respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Eurostat protocol on impartial access to Eurostat data for users. |
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Annual. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
Eurostat: The social situation in the European Union - 2005-2006 |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Please consult free data on-line or refer to contact details. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not applicable. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Internet address: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat | |||
10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Documentation on the European Community Household Panel (ECHP) is available from the following web page: http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/echpanel/info/data/information.html
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
See concept 3.4 above. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Not applicable. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Not applicable. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Not applicable. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Not applicable. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
See also items 20.1 and 20.3 below. Limited as the indicator is based on different national data sources. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
See also items 20.1 and 20.3 below. There are data gaps and methodological breaks in the data series. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Not applicable. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Not applicable. |
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Not applicable. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Not applicable. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
In order to improve this indicator, the methodology and source is currently under revision. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
Administrative data are used for Luxembourg and the annual labour force survey is used for France (up to 2002) and Malta. All other sources are national surveys except as follows: 2006 Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) - IE, EL, ES, AT, PT and UK. 2004, 2005 Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) - BE, IE, EL, ES, IT, AT, PT and UK. 2003 Statistics on Income and Living Conditions - IE,- EL and AT 2002 European Community Household Panel (ECHP) - EL 2001 and before: European Community Household Panel (ECHP) - BE, DK, DE, IE, EL, ES, IT, AT, PT, FI and UK. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Annual. |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Italy Cyprus The specific survey is conducted on a yearly basis and has October as the reference period. Information is collected for the occupation, gender and the gross earnings and employer's social contribution paid for each employee in the enterprise. An indication is also given concerning the age of the employee. No information is given concerning the educational status and the professional experience of the employees. According to the specific survey, gross earnings refer to the total gross annual earnings (i.e. normal plus overtime earnings) for actual hours worked, including bonuses paid irregularly during the year. Latvia Data for 1998-2003 are based on hourly earnings for employees in the main job from the Survey on Occupations in October of the respective year. This survey covers full-time and part-time employees who had worked full month in October and their wage or salary was not influenced by absence. Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom Croatia Average gross earnings comprise all kinds of net payments on the basis of permanent employment plus participations: contributions, taxes and surtaxes as prescribed by the law. Annual survey on persons in employment and earnings is the only possible source for calculating GPG for now. GPG is calculated as a difference between average monthly gross earnings per employee of male and female employees as a percentage of average monthly gross earnings per employee of male employees. Data on GPG is calculated for all NACE activities - A to O. Data on average gross hourly earnings by gender is not available. Norway Switzerland Amounts reported are converted into standardised gross monthly salaries. In other words, they are recalculated to produce an FTE based on a 40-hour workweek and 4 1/3 weeks a month. Gross monthly salary for the month of October (incl. employee social security contributions, benefits in kind, regularly paid bonuses, share of turnover or commissions) covers hardship allowances for shift, night and Sunday work, 1/12 of 13th month salary and 1/12 of special annual payments. Family and child benefits are not included in the calculation. The figures refer to the median. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
EU-27 and other EU-aggregate estimates are population-weighted averages of the latest available national data, adjusted, where possible, to take into account a change in the data source. Countries without any previous gender pay gap data for a specific year are excluded from the EU-27 and EU-aggregate estimates. Where data have been provided by the National Statistical Offices based on national sources, the indicators for these countries cannot be considered to be fully comparable. |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Not applicable. |
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a) In order to improve this indicator, its methodology had been revised in 2007 with a view to enhance quality and comparability (geographical and over time) of the unadjusted GPG. The old data series (1994-1996) had been frozen but are still kept online.
b) From reference year 2006 onwards, the new GPG figures are based on the methodology of the Structure of Earnings Survey (Reg.: 530/1999) carried out with a four-yearly periodicity. The unadjusted Gender Pay Gap (GPG) based on the new methodology represents the difference between average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees and of female paid employees as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male paid employees.
According to the new methodology the coverage is defined as follows: - target population: all employees, there are no restrictions for age and hours worked. - economic activity according to NACE Rev. 1.1. Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community: only for the aggregate sections C_O (excluding L); and if available, also for sections C to O and aggregate C to K and C to O. - size of enterprises: 10 employees or more.
The most recent available reference years in NACE Rev. 1.1. are 2002 and 2006 and Eurostat computed the GPG for these years on this basis. For the intermediate years (2007 onwards) countries provide to Eurostat estimates benchmarked on the SES results. Data is classified according to the NACE Rev. 1.1 classification and the only available breakdown is the economic activity (NACE) at section level. Available data cover the reference years 2002, 2006 and 2007.
As NACE Rev. 1.1 classification ran out for data collections referring to 2008 and onwards, these series are also frozen but are kept available at Eurostat's online database:
earn_gr_gpg - Gender pay gap in unadjusted form in % - NACE Rev. 1.1 (Structure of Earnings Survey: 2002 and 2006 onwards).
c) The GPG indicator applying NACE Rev.2 classification is available under: earn_grgpgr2 - The Gender pay gap in unadjusted form in % - NACE Rev.2 (Structure of Earnings Survey: 2002 and 2006 onwards) Data is classified according to the NACE Rev.2 classification from reference year 2008 onwards and data are broken down by economic activity (NACE section level), form of economic and financial control (public/private) of the enterprise and ten-years age classes of employees. Data according to NACE Rev. 2 are also available partially for the past years 2002, 2006, 2007. |
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