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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | The Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Population Statistics Department (10910) Demographic Statistics Unit |
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1.5. Contact mail address | Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic Lamačská cesta 3/C 840 05 Bratislava 45 SLOVAK REPUBLIC |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 07/02/2024 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 07/02/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 07/02/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data and metadata are transmitted to Eurostat by the Member States in the framework of the Unified Demographic Data Collection which is in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 and Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 and their implementing regulations. This Euro SDMX Metadata Structure is used for the purpose of quality reporting. The definition of the quality concepts and guidelines are described in the European Statistical System Handbook for Quality Reports.
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3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The regional breakdown of the Member States in the regional demographic tables is done under the most recent NUTS classification. There are agreements between Eurostat and Candidate countries as well as between Eurostat and EFTA countries, for which statistical regions have been coded in a way that resembles NUTS. For more information on the versions in force, please see: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Number of persons. |
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3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Population, live births and deaths data are disseminated at national and regional level of geographical detail. |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Since 1920. |
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3.9. Base period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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Data are collected at unit (person) level. |
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The reference date for population data is the end of the reference period (the midnight of 31 December). |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
National legislation: Law Act No 298/2010 Coll on State Statistics (the full version of Law Act No 540/2001 Coll. on State Statistics); Programme of State Statistical Surveys (Decree of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic No. 292/2020 Coll. issuing the Programme of State Statistical Surveys).
International legislation: Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013 on European demographic statistics; Comission implementing regulation (EU) No. 205/2014 laying down uniformed conditions for the implementation of Regulation (EU) No. 1260/2013 of the European Parliament and the Council on European demographic statistics, as regards breakdowns of data, deadlines and data revisions Regulation (EC) No 862/2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection and repealing Council Regulation (EEC) No 311/76 on the compilation of statistics on foreign workers; Commission Regulation (EU) No. 351/2010 implementing Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics on migration and international protection as regards the definitions of the categories of the groups of country of birth, groups of country of previous usual residence, groups of country of next usual residence and groups of citizenship Regulation (EC) No. 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European statistics as amended by the Regulation (EU) 2015/759 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Law Act No 298/2010 Coll on State Statistics (the full version of Law Act No 540/2001 Coll. on State Statistics). The Programme of State Statistical Surveys. Inter-departmental agreements (agreements with key data producers from the central state bodies, mainly the Ministry of Interior of the Slovak Republic and the Ministry of Health of the Slovak Republic). |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society. European Statistics Code of Practice Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data.
The statistical disclosure control is part of: 1) NATIONAL LEGISLATION: Law Act No 298/2010 Coll., the full version of Law Act No 540/2001 Coll. on State Statistics defines the obligation of secrecy and confidential data protection. Confidential data may not be disclosed or communicated to anyone or used for other than statistical purposes without the consent of the legal or natural persons who provided them and to which they relate. Law Act No 18/2018 Coll. on Personal Data Protection and on the amendment of certain other Acts, as amended;
2) INTERNAL REGULATIONS OF THE STATISTICAL OFFICE OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC: Directive of the Statistical Office of the SR (SME-10/2023) on the protection and disclosure of confidential statistical data. Protection of confidential statistical data (methodological instruction, MET-7/2023). Principles of Confidential Statistical Data Protection Use. - Conditions for granting access to confidential statistical data for scientific purposes |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
Employees of bodies performing state statistics or ensuring the processing of statistical surveys or data collection are obliged to maintain confidentiality of confidential statistical data with which they are acquainted. The obligation of confidentiality shall apply also to those to whom confidential statistical data have been provided for the scientific purposes. The Statistical Office of the SR provides or publishes statistical data and information without direct identifiers in such a form that the data provided to the requesters cannot be directly or indirectly identified therein (i. e. it applies the active protection for all reporting units). Conditions for granting access to confidential statistical data for scientific purposes |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
The data shall be published in accordance with the ´First release calendar´ (basic data), the ´Calendar of publishing publications´ and the ´Schedule for updating the DATAcube public database´. Final annual data are released on the website of the Statistical Office of the SR within 90 days after the end of the reference year (i. e. after the processing of the annual population balance) and the population structures within 4 months after the end of the reference year. Preliminary monthly data are released on the website of the Statistical Office of the SR within 60 days after the end of the reference month. Since the year 2020: Since the Covid-19 pandemic, the deadline for the processing and providing data on the numbers of deaths has been shortened, as follows: the first preliminary numbers of deaths are released (in the DATAcube database on the SO SR´s website) within 20 days after the end of the reference month, in the breakdown by week of death, age group and sex; as for the preliminary monthly numbers of deaths, the period of their release has been reduced from the current 60 to 30 days after the end of the reference month and, in addition, they have a more detailed structure (i. e. by age, sex and cause of death).
Principles of Release and Provision of Statistical Information: https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/services/infoservis/principles. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
The general data release policy of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic: Policy on Dissemination of Statistical Information of the SO SR Principles of Release and Provision of Statistical Information
— free of charge, on the portal of the Statistical Office of the SR (https://slovak.statistics.sk) News: https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/population/news Indicators: https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/population/indicators Publications: https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/population/publications Metadata: https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/population/metadata DATAcube. database: http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/lang/en
— via the Information Service (https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/services/infoservis)
Basic Forms of Releasing and Providing Statistical Information: - dissemination of information through the Office´s website, - products in printed form, - information provision based on users requests (by mail, e-mail, via electronic services, by telephone or in person), - communication with the public (press conferences, articles and discussions for the print and other media), working meetings with the users of statistical information. As for the release, dissemination and provision of statistical information to the users, the protection of confidential data is ensured in line with the Act on State Statistics No 540/2001 Coll. on state statistics, as amended and the Principles of Confidential Statistical Data Protection Use. |
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Monthly, quarterly, yearly data.
Release dates (periodicity) of information reports and publications:
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Information Reports on the population stock and change for quarter of the year and for the whole year, published in quarterly periodicity (1Q, 2Q, 3Q, the whole year) Quarterly press releases on the latest development of mortality in the Slovak Republic. Quarterly death figures (broken down by age group, cause of death, region /NUTS 3/) are compared with the average quarterly death figures for the previous 5 years (2015 - 2019) in order to get the excess mortality. The press releases include the analytical text, data tables and graphs. They are published on the website of the SO SR. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Methodological notes are included in all population-related publications as well as in population databases: Publications (Population and Migration). Publications are issued in accordance with the Catalogue of Publications. The Catalogue of Publications, available on the SO SR´s website, in the sector ´Products/Catalogue of Publications´, provides an overview of all publications that the SO SR plans to publish in the relevant year. The Catalogue of Publications contains brief annotations to all publications, the procedure for publication and ordering, periodicity of issue as well as information on the SO SR´s databases. The publications (except publications of the informational-promotional nature) contain methodological notes and metadata, containing basic characteristics of the published data and the definitions of basic indicators. PUBLICATIONS (https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/demography/population/publications):
INFORMATION REPORTS: Population and Migration; Information Reports Catalogue. JOURNAL: Slovak Statistics and Demography (scientific reviewed journal focusing on the presentation of modern statistical and demographic methods and procedures). YEARBOOK (the printed and online publication): The Statistical Yearbook of the Slovak Republic. |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Online databases of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (the data access is not conditioned by registration and all data are available free of charge): The DATAcube database: DATAcube. — time series: e.g. Demographic Balances of Population (by age, nationality, citizenship, country of birth, martial status), Stock and Change of the Population, Population Processes (Nuptiality, Natality, Mortality, Divorce, Migration, Abortion), Population Density, Size Grous of Municipalities, Life Expectancy. The data are statistically processed in territorial structures for the Slovak Republic, areas (NUTS 2), regions (NUTS 3) and districts (LAU 1). Where the data protection system allows, data are made available up to the level of municipalities (LAU 2).
Data are published in accordance with the Schedule for updating the DATAcube. public database. The STATdat database: STATdat
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statistical data shall be published in aggregated form. Research entities, in particular universities and other higher education institutions as well as scientific research organizations or institutions, have access to confidential statistical data for the scientific purposes. The Statistical Office of the SR can provide access to confidential statistical data either through anonymised data submission to research entities, or through access to the Data research center (DRC). The SO SR grants access through a contract for the provision of confidential statistical data for scientific purposes between the research entity and the Office, specifying the conditions for access to the data, the obligations of the parties, the arrangements for ensuring statistical confidentiality and the penalties for breaching these rules. Microdata are sent to research entities in the form of an anonymised dataset, i. e. they are protected in such a way as to minimise the risk of re-identification and to preserve the maximum possible informative value. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conditions for use and further dissemination of the SO SR statistical information
o Cross-tables ´The Population Change in the SR ('Source Publication')´, 1992 – 2022 o Life tables (Healthy life years by EU SILC 2005 – 2022, mortality tables 1996 – 2022, nuptiality tables for singles 1996 – 2022, divorce tables by duration of marriage 1996 – 2022, fertility tables 1992 – 2022) o Structure of the population of the SR by highest educational attainment
o Population pyramids of the SR 1945 – 2022 o Maps (age characteristics, nationality, population increase, nuptiality, divorce, migration, fertility, natality, abortion, mortality) for the districts of the Slovak Republic, 2009 – 2022
Annual international data collections of vital and migration statistics: – organized by Eurostat:
– organised by the WHO (annual collection of mortality and population data; European health for all database (HFA-DB); country consultations e. g. for COVID-19 excess mortality estimates, for the low birth weight and preterm births); – organised by the UN (annual data collection for child mortality estimates; consultations on selected global indicators for monitoring the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; Monthly Bulletin of Statistics Questionnaire).
The format for dissemination of outputs fully meets the guidelines for the transmission of data to Eurostat. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vision and mission, common shared values and strategic / quality objectives of the SO SR |
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11.1. Quality assurance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The requirement to consult users of statistical information is laid down in the Act on State Statistics itself. Consultations in the preparation of state statistical surveys are carried out in the framework of the preparation of the Programme of State Statistical Surveys. The Programme of State Statistical Surveys is a generally binding legal regulation compiled by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic in cooperation with ministries, other central bodies and state organizations. It contains the list of statistical surveys organized and executed by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, ministries, other government authorities and state organizations. The Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic issues the Programme of State Statistical Surveys in the form of a decree published in the Collection of Laws of the Slovak Republic. The Statistical Council is a permanent professional consultative body of the President of the SO SR, whose task is to prepare and submit proposals and recommendations on the concepts of statistical surveys and to consult the Programme of State Statistical Surveys.
Data requested in Article 4.1 of Regulation (EU) No 1260/2013. Main users: public administration, self-government, scientific researchers, universities, private sector, international organisations. Main needs: standard outputs to ensure time series and data with detailed content and territorial breakdowns. User needs are registered in the system of the Statistical Office of the SR (Information Service). They are taken into account during the design of dissemination products. Users contact the Statistical Office of the SR on the basis of the Act No. 211/2000 Coll. on Free Access to Information, as amended (´The Freedom of Information Act´). Key requests comprise: - standard statistical outputs that are already released at the Internet portal of the Statistical Office of the SR (i. e. databases DATAcube, SLOVstat and the demographic yearbook – ´source book´), and - more complex outputs that require ad hoc retrievals from non-public databases of the Statistical Office The aim is to satisfy user needs to the most extent possible while taking into account the protection of personal and confidential data.
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
Since 2009, the Statistical Office of the SR has been conducting customer satisfaction surveys concerning its products and services at two-year intervals. The aim of the surveys is to determine customer satisfaction with the products and services of the SO SR, to obtain information about users, their interest and opinion on the provision and quality of statistical products and services. The obtained facts are a valuable source for the direction of further activities of the SO SR. One of the main objectives set out in the Development Strategy of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic until 2022 is to systematically increase the value of the institution and its recognition at national and international level. The fulfilment of this objective is monitored also by means of the indicators of the credibility of the SO SR and the rate of utilisation of the provided information by the public. The SO SR conducts credibility surveys through an external independent organisation once every 2 years, with the intention of ensuring the objectivity of the results from the public's point of view. The majority of users of these statistics are students; research; central authorities; other publics; international organisations; public administration; media. At present, there is no information available on lower levels of user satisfaction with regard to the completeness (variables, breakdowns), accuracy or timeliness of demographic and migration statistics. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
Demographic statistics at international level is produced in accordance with the EU legislation (Regulation (EU) No. 1260/2013 on European Demographic Statistics; Regulation (EC) No. 862/2007 on Community statistics on migration and international protection; Regulation (EC) No. 1338/2008 on Community statistics on public health and health and safety at work; Regulation (EC) No. 223/2009 on European statistics) and in accordance with the principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice. At national level, it takes into account the requirements of the Programme of State Statistical Surveys. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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13.2. Sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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13.3. Non-sampling error | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
According to Article 4 (2) of the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 205/2014, each year Member States shall provide the Commission (Eurostat) with data at national and regional level as described in Annex II and related standard reference metadata (in the metadata structure definition defined for the Euro SDMX Metadata Structure) for the reference year within 12 months of the end of the reference year. According to Article 3 (2) of the Commission Regulation (EC) No 862/2007, Statistics on international migration, usually resident population and acquisition of citizenship shall be supplied to the Commission (Eurostat) within 12 months of the end of the reference year.
Slovak Republic: Final annual data shall be published on the portal of the SO SR within 90 days after the end of the reference year (i. e. after the processing of the annual population balance) and the population structures within 4 months after the end of the reference year. Provisional monthly data shall be published within 60 days after the end of the reference month. Since the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, the deadline for publishing data on the number of deaths has been shortened as follows: the first provisional numbers of deaths are published (in DATAcube.) already within 20 days after the end of the reference month, broken down by week of death, age groups and sex; concerning the provisional monthly numbers of deaths, the deadline for publication has been reduced from the previous 60 to 30 days after the end of the reference month and, in addition, they have a more detailed structure (i. e. by age, sex and cause of death). The timeliness of demographic and migration statistics is ensured in accordance with the Program of State Statistical Surveys (with the stipulated periodicity of the statistical survey and the deadlines for the provision of statistical data by reporting units). |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
The data for the reference year 2022 were transmitted on time. At national level, data from demographic and migration statistics are published and provided on time, i.e., in accordance with the first release calendar, calendar of publications release and the schedule for updating the public database ´DATAcube´. Data for Eurostat are provided in accordance with the deadlines set out for the annual demographic data collections (point 10.5). Micro-data on causes of death (COD) are provided for Eurostat on the basis of a gentlemen's agreement 6 months before the ultimate deadline. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The regional breakdown in the regional demographic tables provided to Eurostat is in accordance with the Regulation (EC) No. 1059/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of a common classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS), which represents the legal framework for regional classification in order to enable the collection, compilation and dissemination of harmonized regional statistics in the Union. The Decree No. 438/2004 Coll. of the Statistical Office of the SR, which issues the classification of statistical territorial units, is based on the principles of the international NUTS classification. It regulates the classification of statistical territorial units for the needs of regional statistics, for the provision of comparable regional statistical data within the European Statistical System and for the analytical purposes. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Statistical Office of the SR is the only provider of population stock data for the state statistics in the Slovak Republic. Residence Permits Statistics cover third-country nationals and it is compiled by the Bureau of Border and Foreign Police of the Presidium of the Police Force on the basis of valid stays of third-country nationals, regardless of the length and type of stay. These statistics cover all valid stays of 3 months or more. International Migration Statistics is compiled by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic on the basis of the permanent residence of a person, which is the legal or registered residence (according to the international definition). |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See 8.1. Release calendar and 15.2. Comparability - over time. In the Slovak Republic, demography statistics is built upon results of the Population Census. In the intercensal period (i.e. between two subsequent censuses), the number of population is calculated by means of the balancing method: Population on 31 December = Population on 1 January + Live Births from 1 January to 31 December - Deaths from 1 January to 31 December + Immigrants from 1 January to 31 December - Emmigrants from 1 January to 31 December The statistical survey on population changes covers all inhabitants residing permanently in the Slovak Republic regardless of their citizenship. |
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Increased use of administrative data sources. At the national level, preparations for fully electronic reporting of birth and death data continued in 2022. The full electronicization will have an impact on data timeliness. The implementation of the process of full electronicization has started on the basis of the Act No. 177/2018 Coll. on certain measures to reduce administrative burdens by using public administration information systems and on the amendments and supplements to some acts (the anti-bureaucracy Act) as amended. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
The annual population data are final when first released and are not subject to revision. The monthly and quarterly data, which are published monthly and quarterly, are provisional when first released. The data become final after the processing of the annual intercensal population balance, i. e. since the end of March of the year following the reference year. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Not applicable. |
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18.1. Source data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Demography statistics is collected by way of statistical survey on population changes (vital events and migration) conducted each year by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (SR) by means of statistical reports OBYV 1-5/12 (i.e. POP 1-5/12). The survey covers the whole population of the SR, i.e., persons with permanent residence in the territory of the Slovak Republic (SR citizens and EU citizens registered on permanent residence in the Slovak Republic and third country nationals who were granted permanent residence permit in the Slovak Republic). It is an exhaustive survey conducted under the Programme of National Statistical Surveys. The Programme of National Statistical Surveys is a legislative document imposing the reporting duty concerning all statistical surveys on reporting units according to § 18, Par. 3 of Act No. 540/2001 Coll. on State Statistics as amended. Demography statistics in the Slovak Republic covers the following demographic events: birth, marriage, divorce, change of address of permanent residence and death. The data are collected from the reporting units including municipal and city authorities in charge of keeping birth, marriage and death registers (i.e. registry offices), health institutions, competent courts, residence registration offices of municipal and city authorities, competent departments of the Ministry of Interior for foreigners. There is also a special register of the vital events that occurred to Slovak Republic´s citizens abroad. Demographic data are drawn from the following reports on demographic events for each person with permanent residence in the Slovak Republic:
From 1958, demography statistics includes also data on spontaneous and induced abortions. The data are drawn from the information system of the Ministry of Health. The National Health Information Centre under the Ministry of Health produces the abortion data by means of processing the form ´Application for Abortion and the Report on Abortion´. In the Slovak Republic, demography statistics is built upon results of the Population Census. In the intercensal period (i.e. between two subsequent censuses), the number of population is calculated by means of the balancing method. Census results are the basic data that serve for balancing the population data in the intercensal period in the Slovak Republic.
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18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In the data collection process, automatic checks are performed to check for the data completeness and relationships between variables. In terms of the severity of errors, a distinction is made between informative notices (i. e. warnings) and serious errors which have to be corrected or justified by the reporting unit. |
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18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Demography statistics is built upon results of the Population Census. Census results are the basic data that serve for balancing the population data in the intercensal period in the Slovak Republic. The population stock on 31 December is calculated by the demographic balancing equation from the population stock on 1 January, the numbers of live births, deaths and changes of permanent residence (immigrants, emigrants) registered each year. Demography statistics is processed continually, separately for each month (i, e. monthly statistical processing) and for the whole year (i. e. annual statistical processing). In case of delays in administrative registration of individual demographic events with reporting unit (registry offices, or residence registration offices, or district courts), an undesirable gap between the date where a demographic event took place de facto and the period of its statistical processing can arise. The processing of demographic events in the course of the year is subject to monthly updates by dates where demographic events took place de facto. For this reason, the data during the current year are provisional until the annual statistical processing is completed. The first final data are available within 3 months after the end of the reference year (i. e. at the end of March of the year following the reference year). The dates of occurrence of demographic events, not the dates of their administrative registration, are used in compiling population data.
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18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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