Recorded offences by offence category - police data (crim_off_cat)

Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS)

Compiling agency: European Commission - Eurostat


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Metadata update
3. Statistical presentation
4. Unit of measure
5. Reference Period
6. Institutional Mandate
7. Confidentiality
8. Release policy
9. Frequency of dissemination
10. Accessibility and clarity
11. Quality management
12. Relevance
13. Accuracy
14. Timeliness and punctuality
15. Coherence and comparability
16. Cost and Burden
17. Data revision
18. Statistical processing
19. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)



For any question on data and metadata, please contact: EUROPEAN STATISTICAL DATA SUPPORT

Download


1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

European Commission - Eurostat
1.2. Contact organisation unit

F4: Income and living conditions; Quality of life
1.5. Contact mail address

European Commission - Eurostat

Unit ESTAT.F.4: Income and living conditions; Quality of life

L-2920 Luxembourg


2. Metadata update Top
2.1. Metadata last certified 08/06/2022
2.2. Metadata last posted 08/06/2022
2.3. Metadata last update 08/06/2022


3. Statistical presentation Top
3.1. Data description

The figures from 2008 onwards for police-recorded offences are based on the joint Eurostat-UNODC data collection. It is available at country level for European Union Member States, EFTA countries, EU Candidate countries, and EU Potential Candidates.

The statistics include:

  • Police-recorded offences by crime such as : homicide, assault, kidnapping,sexual violence, rape, sexual assault, robbery, burglary, burglary of private residential premises, theft, theft of a motorized land vehicle and drug crimes.
3.2. Classification system

Crimes are classified by the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS).

Regions are classified by Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS).

Legal status is classified according to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime definitions.
3.3. Coverage - sector

Not applicable. 
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

OFFENCES RECORDED BY THE POLICE

Intentional Homicide (country and largest city)
Definition: Unlawful death inflicted upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury. Data on intentional homicide should also include murder, honour killing, serious assault leading to death, death as a result of terrorist activities, dowry-related killings, femicide, infanticide, voluntary manslaughter, extrajudicial killings, killings caused by excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials. It should exclude death due to legal interventions, justifiable homicide in self-defence, attempted intentional homicide, homicide without the element of intent is non-intentional homicide, non-negligent or involuntary manslaughter, assisting suicide or instigating suicide, illegal feticide, euthanasia.

 

 

 The tables below shows if the following criminal offences are separate from intentional homicide in countries legislation

ISO Country Honour killing COMMENT  Serious assault leading to death COMMENT  Death as a result of terrorist offences COMMENT  Dowry-related killings COMMENT  Femicide COMMENT  Infanticide COMMENT
BE Belgium NO   NO   NO   NO   NO   OUI  
BG Bulgaria NO   NO   NO   NO   NO   YES  
CZ Czechia NO   YES   YES   NO   NO   NO  
DK Denmark NO   YES   YES   NO   NO   NO  
DE Germany NO There is no separate legal code but the action is part of the legal code murder and therefore this action is included in the data provision for intentional homicide (0101) YES   NO There is no separate legal code but the action is part of the legal code murder and therefore this action is included in the data provision for intentional homicide (0101) NO There is no separate legal code but the action is part of the legal code murder and therefore this action is included in the data provision for intentional homicide (0101) NO There is no separate legal code but the action is part of the legal code murder and therefore this action is included in the data provision for intentional homicide (0101) NO There is no separate legal code but the action is part of the legal code murder and therefore this action is included in the data provision for intentional homicide (0101)
IE Ireland NO Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. NO Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. NO Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. NO Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. NO Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. YES Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only.
ES Spain YES All types of murders are included, although this type can not be differentiated from the rest YES All types of murders are included, although this type can not be differentiated from the rest YES   YES All types of murders are included, although this type can not be differentiated from the rest YES   YES  
FR France NO   NO   YES   NO   NO   YES  
HR Croatia NO Article 111 Paragraph 1 Item 4 of the Penal Code  YES Article 120 of the Penal Code  YES Article 97 Paragraph 1 Item 1, Paragraph 2,  Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4  of the Penal Code  NO Article 111 Paragraph 1 Item 4 of the Penal Code  NO   YES Article 112 Paragraph 2 of the Penal Code 
IT Italy NO The honour killing does not exist more since 1981 in our legislation YES There are other law articles NO   NO   NO   YES there are other articles art 578
CY Cyprus YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
LT Lithuania NO   NO   YES  Criminal Code of the Republic Lithuania (CC RL), article 250 (4). NO   NO   YES CC RL article 131.
HU Hungary NO   NO Section 164 (8) II. of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code NO Section 314 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code NO   NO   NO Section 160 (2i) of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code
MT Malta NO   YES   YES   NO   NO   YES  
NL Netherlands NO   NO   NO   NO   NO   NO  
AT Austria NO   YES   NO   NO   NO   YES  
PL Poland NO   YES   YES   NO   NO   YES  
PT Portugal YES   YES   YES   NO   NO   YES  
RO Romania NO   NO   YES   NO   NO   YES  
SI Slovenia NO   YES   NO   NO   NO   YES  
SK Slovakia NO   YES Separate offence NO   NO   NO   YES  
SE Sweden NO   YES   YES   NO   NO   YES  
IS Iceland NO   YES   YES There has been no terrorist attack in Iceland. NO   NO   YES  
NO Norway NO   YES   YES Deaths as a result of terrorist attacks in Norway in 2011, are included for the figures for homicide in 2011 (77 homicides), due to the legislation/registration at that time. NO   NO   NO  
CH Switzerland  NO No special article for this form of homicide NO No special article for this form of homicide NO No special article for this form of homicide NO No special article for this form of homicide NO No special article for this form of homicide YES Art. 116 Swiss Criminal Code
ME Montenegro NO   YES   YES   NO   NO   YES  
RS Serbia NO   YES   YES   NO   NO   NO  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  NO   YES   YES   NO   YES   YES  

 

 

 

ISO Country  Voluntary Manslaughter COMMENT Attempted intentional homicide COMMENT Non-intentional homicide COMMENT Non-negligent or involuntary manslaughter COMMENT Assisting suicide or instigating suicide  COMMENT Illegal feticide COMMENT Euthanasia COMMENT
BE Belgium NO   OUI   NO   NO   NO   NO   OUI  
BG Bulgaria YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
CZ Czechia YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   NO   NO  
DK Denmark NO   YES   YES   YES   YES   NO   YES  
DE Germany NO There is no separate legal code but the action is part of the legal code murder and therefore this action is included in the data provision for intentional homicide (0101) YES As far as the data source enables excluded from ICCS 0101 as it should be included in ICCS 0102 YES Cases acc. to ICCS-division 0103 are excluded from intentional homicide data (0101). NO Cases acc. to ICCS-group 01031 are excluded from intentional homicide data.  YES In German criminal law, suicide without the involvement of other people is not penalized, since it is not directed against another person and there exists no legal obligation to stay alive. In December 2015, a new law came into force which should prevent the facilitation of suicide to become taken for granted in order not to induce people to commit suicide who would not have committed suicide without these offers. This, however, must be distinguished from the intentional killing of another person at their request pursuant to § 216 PC. YES According to the German correspondence table to the ICCS-section 01, the termination of pregnancy (acc. to the sects 218, 218b-c and 219a-b PC) is classified under ICCS 0106 Illegal feticide.  NO There is no specific law in Germany which regulates the dying through euthanasia for terminally ill. An omission of medical interventions on the basis of a Patient Decree authored by the person concerned or another notable expression does not constitute active euthanasia (medically assisted suicide), but passive euthanasia. A treatment against the patient´s will, thus disregarding of a Patient Decree, is to be considered as bodily injury in Germany. To let somebody die by the failure to give medical assistance in contrary to the concerned person´s wishes for therapy amounts to killing or neglected (medical) assistance, but cannot be considered as passive euthanasia.    
IE Ireland YES Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. YES   YES Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. YES Homicide law in Ireland distinguishes between murder (intentional) and manslaughter (unlawful killing that is not murder, incl. voluntary and involuntary manslaughter) only. Data provided includes murder only. NO   YES   NO  
ES Spain YES   YES   YES   NO   YES   YES   YES  
FR France YES   YES   YES   YES   NO   YES   NO  
HR Croatia YES Article 112 Paragraph 1 of the Penal Code  YES Articles: 110; 111; 120; 112. paragraphs 1 and 2; 97 paragraph 1 items 1, 3 and 4 YES Article 113 of the Penal Code  YES Article 113 of the Penal Code  YES Article 114 of the Penal Code  YES Article 115 of the Penal Code  NO Article 112 Paragraph 3 of the Penal Code 
IT Italy YES There are other articles NO there is a specific articole  to identify it  YES   YES   YES   YES   NO euthanasia does  not exist and it is considered as an  intentional homicide
CY Cyprus YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
LT Lithuania NO   NO   NO   YES CC RL article 132.  YES CC RL article 133. NO   YES CC RL article 134.
HU Hungary YES   NO   YES   DON'T KNOW YES Section 162 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code YES Section 163 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code DON'T KNOW
MT Malta DON'T KNOW YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   NO  
NL Netherlands NO   NO   NO   NO   YES   NO   YES  
AT Austria YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   NO   NO  
PL Poland YES   NO   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
PT Portugal YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES     This type of conduct it is not criminalized in the portuguese legislation
RO Romania YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
SI Slovenia NO   NO   YES   NO   YES   YES   NO  
SK Slovakia YES Unknown  crime NO   YES Homicide are intentional only YES Different crime YES Separate offence YES Separate offence YES Unknown crime
SE Sweden NO   YES   YES   YES   NO   YES   NO  
IS Iceland NO   NO   YES   YES   DON'T KNOW YES   NO  
NO Norway YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
CH Switzerland  YES Art. 113 Swiss Criminal Code NO only included for 0102 YES Art. 117 Swiss Criminal Code YES Art. 117 Swiss Criminal Code YES Art. 115 Swiss Criminal Code YES Art. 118 Swiss Criminal Code NO No special article for this form of homicide
ME Montenegro DON'T KNOW YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
RS Serbia NO   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   YES   NO  

 

 

 

The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Intentional Homicide 

ISO Country Honour
killing		  Serious assault leading to death  Death as a result of terrorist offences  Dowry-related killings  Femicide  Infanticide
BE Belgium : : : : : Included
BG Bulgaria Included Included Included Included Included Excluded
CZ Czechia : Included Included : : :
DK Denmark : Excluded Included : : :
DE Germany Included Included Included Included Included Included
EE Estonia : Excluded Excluded : : Excluded
IE Ireland : : Excluded : : Excluded
EL Greece : Excluded : : : :
ES Spain Included Included Included Included Included Included
FR France Included Included Included Included Included Included
HR Croatia Included Included Included Included Excluded Included
IT Italy Included Included : Included Included Included
CY Cyprus Included Included Included Included Included Included
LV Latvia Included Included Excluded Included Included Included
LT Lithuania : : Included : : Included
LU Luxembourg : Included Included Included : :
HU Hungary Included Excluded Excluded Included Included Included
MT Malta Included Excluded Excluded Included Included Excluded
NL Netherlands Included Included Included Included Included Included
AT Austria Included Included Included Included Included Included
PL Poland Included Excluded Excluded Included Included Included
PT Portugal Included Excluded Excluded : : Included
RO Romania : : Excluded : : Included
SI Slovenia : Excluded : : : Excluded
SK Slovakia Included Excluded Included Included Included Included
FI Finland Included Included Included Included Included Included
SE Sweden Included Included Included Included Included Included
IS Iceland Included Excluded Included Included Included Included
LI Liechtenstein  : Excluded : : : :
NO Norway : Excluded Excluded : : :
CH Switzerland  Included Included Included Included Included Included
ME Montenegro : Included Included : : Included
MK North Macedonia : : : : : :
AL Albania Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
RS Serbia Included Excluded Included Included Included Included
TR Turkey : : : : : :
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  : Included Excluded : Excluded Included
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Included Excluded Included Included Excluded :

 : not applicable/not provided 

 

ISO Country  Voluntary Manslaughter Attempted intentional homicide Non-intentional homicide Non-negligent or involuntary manslaughter Assisting suicide or instigating suicide  Illegal feticide Euthanasia
BE Belgium : Excluded : : : : Excluded
BG Bulgaria Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
CZ Czechia Excluded Included Excluded Included Excluded : :
DK Denmark : Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded : Excluded
DE Germany Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
EE Estonia : : Excluded Excluded : : :
IE Ireland Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded :
EL Greece : Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
ES Spain Included Included Included Excluded Included Included Included
FR France Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
HR Croatia Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
IT Italy Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
CY Cyprus Included Included Included Included Included Included Included
LV Latvia Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
LT Lithuania : : : Excluded Excluded : Excluded
LU Luxembourg : Included Excluded Excluded : Excluded Excluded
HU Hungary Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
MT Malta : Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
NL Netherlands Included Included Included Included Excluded Included Excluded
AT Austria Included Excluded Included Included Included Included Included
PL Poland Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
PT Portugal Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded :
RO Romania Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
SI Slovenia : : Included : Excluded Included :
SK Slovakia Excluded Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded :
FI Finland Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
SE Sweden Included Excluded Included Included Included Excluded Included
IS Iceland Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
LI Liechtenstein  Included : : : : : :
NO Norway Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
CH Switzerland  Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
ME Montenegro : Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
MK North Macedonia : : : : : : :
AL Albania Included Excluded Excluded Included Excluded Excluded Included
RS Serbia Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
TR Turkey : : : : : : :
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Included Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded :
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  : : : : : : :

  : not applicable/not provided 

 


 The tables below shows if the following events are recorded and counted in countries criminal justice system

ISO Country  Extrajudicial killings COMMENT  Killings caused by excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials COMMENT Death due to legal interventions COMMENT Justifiable homicide in self-defence COMMENT
BE Belgium NO We can't distinguish the concept NO We can't distinguish the concept NO We can't distinguish the concept NO We can't distinguish the concept
BG Bulgaria NO   YES   NO   YES  
CZ Czechia NO   NO   NO   NO  
DK Denmark NO   NO   NO   NO  
DE Germany NO Data regarding the named offence area are not reported seperately but are included in the number of offences of (intentional) homicide NO Data regarding the named offence area are not reported seperately but are included in the number of offences of (intentional) homicide NO Data regarding the named offence area are not reported seperately but are included in the number of offences of (intentional) homicide NO Data regarding the named offence area are not reported seperately but are included in the number of offences of (intentional) homicide
IE Ireland NO   NO   NO   NO  
ES Spain YES All types of murders are included, although this type can not be differentiated from the rest YES All types of murders are included, although this type can not be differentiated from the rest NO   YES  
FR France NO   NO   NO   NO  
IT Italy NO   DON'T KNOW NO   YES it depends from case to case
CY Cyprus YES   YES   YES   YES  
LT Lithuania DON'T KNOW DON'T KNOW DON'T KNOW DON'T KNOW
HU Hungary YES   YES   YES   YES  
MT Malta YES   YES   YES   YES  
NL Netherlands YES   YES   YES   YES  
AT Austria YES   YES   YES   YES  
PL Poland NO   NO   NO   YES  
PT Portugal NO   NO   NO   NO  
RO Romania YES   YES   NO   NO  
SI Slovenia Please select: Please select: Please select: Please select:
SK Slovakia NO   YES separate offence NO unknown crime NO no data
SE Sweden YES   YES   NO   YES  
IS Iceland YES Not relevant YES Not relevant YES Not relevant YES Not relevant
NO Norway DON'T KNOW No known incidents of extrajudicial killings in Norway within the period of our crime data YES Investigated and registered by The Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs, cases of which are not included in our crime data YES Investigated and registered by The Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs, cases of which are not included in our crime data YES Self-defence killings may be registered, investigated and prosecuted within the jurisdiction of the police, prosecution authority and courts
CH Switzerland  DON'T KNOW DON'T KNOW DON'T KNOW NO  
ME Montenegro NO   NO   NO   YES  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  YES   YES   YES   YES  

 

 


The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Intentional Homicide 

ISO Country  Extrajudicial killings  Killings caused by excessive use of force by law enforcement/state officials Death due to legal interventions Justifiable homicide in self-defence
BE Belgium : : : :
BG Bulgaria : Included : Included
CZ Czechia : : : :
DK Denmark : : : :
DE Germany Included Included Included Included
EE Estonia Excluded Included Excluded :
IE Ireland : Included : Included
EL Greece Included Included Included Included
ES Spain Included Included Excluded Included
FR France Included Included Included Included
HR Croatia : : : :
IT Italy Excluded : : Included
CY Cyprus Included Included Included Included
LV Latvia Excluded Included : Excluded
LT Lithuania : : : :
LU Luxembourg : : : :
HU Hungary Included Included Included Included
MT Malta Included Included Included Included
NL Netherlands Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
AT Austria Included Included Included Included
PL Poland Excluded Excluded Excluded Included
PT Portugal : : : :
RO Romania Included Excluded : :
SI Slovenia : : : :
SK Slovakia Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
FI Finland Included Included Excluded Included
SE Sweden Included Included Excluded Excluded
IS Iceland Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
LI Liechtenstein  Included Included Included Included
NO Norway : Excluded Excluded Included
CH Switzerland  : : : :
ME Montenegro : : : Excluded
MK North Macedonia : : : :
AL Albania : Included Included Included
RS Serbia : : : :
TR Turkey : : : :
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Excluded Excluded Excluded Excluded
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  : : : :

 : not applicable/not provided 

 

Intentional homicide can be registered:  

-at the time the offence is FIRST reported to the police ('INPUT' statistics)

-after the offence is first reported but BEFORE a full investigation ('PROCESS' statistics)

-after the offence has been investigated ('OUTPUT' statistics)

 

The table below shows the stage of the investigation of data on intentional homicide collected for inclusion in offence statistics.

 
ISO Country  Stage of investigation on Intentional Homicide 
BE Belgium INPUT
BG Bulgaria OUTPUT
CZ Czechia OUTPUT
DK Denmark INPUT
DE Germany OUTPUT
EE Estonia PROCESS
IE Ireland INPUT
EL Greece INPUT
ES Spain OUTPUT
FR France INPUT
HR Croatia PROCESS
IT Italy INPUT
CY Cyprus INPUT
LV Latvia PROCESS
LT Lithuania INPUT
LU Luxembourg INPUT
HU Hungary OUTPUT
MT Malta INPUT
NL Netherlands PROCESS
AT Austria OUTPUT
PL Poland OUTPUT
PT Portugal INPUT
RO Romania OUTPUT
SI Slovenia OUTPUT
SK Slovakia INPUT
FI Finland OUTPUT
SE Sweden PROCESS
IS Iceland INPUT
LI Liechtenstein  INPUT
NO Norway INPUT
CH Switzerland  OUTPUT
ME Montenegro INPUT
MK North Macedonia :
AL Albania INPUT
RS Serbia INPUT
TR Turkey INPUT
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  OUTPUT
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  INPUT

: not applicable/not provided 

 

 

 * reported previous year

Comments by countries - Intentional homicide

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – keys 010000, 020000, 221000). Included are data on completed acts of murder (sect. 211 Penal Code (PC)), manslaughter (sect. 212 PC), less serious case of manslaughter (sect. 213 PC), killing a person at the person's own request (sect. 216 PC), and bodily injury resulting in death (sects. 227, 231 PC); excluded are data on cases of non-intentional homicide (homicide by negligence (sect. 222 PC)), assisting or instigating suicide, illegal feticide and other acts leading to death or intending to cause death, such as, rape/sexual coercion attended by death (sect. 178 PC), sexual abuse of children resulting in death (sect. 176b PC), robbery resulting in death (sect. 251 PC), stalking acc. to sect. 238 (3) PC (resulting in death), arson resulting in death (sect. 306c PC), people smuggling resulting in death (sect. 97 (1) Residence Act) or negligently causing another´s death by handing over, etc. of drugs (sect. 30 (1) no. 3 Narcotics Act). - German correspondence to the ICCS.

 AT: Intentional homicide does not include attempts.

RO: Art.188-189, art.200 Penal Code. Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

BA: Federal police, Police of Republika Srpska and Distric Brcko included

EE: Registered offences.

MT: A person reported missing in year 2008 resulted in an additional homicide case when it was discovered in year 2019.

NL: 2019: revised.

SK: §§144,145

IE*: Includes recorded incidents of murder only.

LV*: Data for year 2016 compiled according to ICCS, therefore data is not comparable with previous years.

LT*: Following the change in the data counting rules, data on criminal offences recorded in 2016 are not comparable with those for the respective period of the previous year.

LU*: Assassinations and murders.

 

 

Attempted intentional Homicide

Definition: Attempt to inflict unlawful death upon a person with the intent to cause death or serious injury. Data on attempted intentional homicide should also include attempted murder, attempt to inflict death as a result of terrorist activities, attempted infanticide, attempted femicide and exclude conspiracy to procure or commit illegal feticide .

 

Comments by countries - Attempted Intentional homicide

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – keys 010000, 020000, 221010). Included are data on attempted acts of murder (sect. 211 PC), manslaughter (sect. 212 PC), less serious case of manslaughter (sect. 213 PC), killing a person at the person's own request (sect. 216 PC), and bodily injuries resulting in death (sects 227 PC (Offences acc. to sect. 231 PC (participation in a brawl resulting in death) are misdemeanors without legal provision relating to the punishability of an attempt); excluded are data on cases of attempted acts of non-intentional homicide, assisting or instigating suicide, illegal feticide and other acts leading to death or intending to cause death, as listed under 1.1.1.

RO: Art.188-189 Penal Code (Attempt). Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

FR*: NUMBER OF OFFENCES manslaughter (01031).

IE*: Includes Attempted Murder only.

LU*: Assassinations and murders.

CH*: Art. 111-113, 116 Swiss Criminal Code.

BA*: Federal police, Police of Republika Srpska and Distric Brcko included.

SK*: Preparation of homicide.

 

 

Assault

Definition: Physical attack against the body of another person resulting in serious bodily injury, wounding, aggravated assault, inflicting bodily harm under aggravating circumstances, battery, acid attacks, female genital mutilation, poisoning, assault with a weapon, forced sterilization, taking human blood, organs or tissues by use of violence. Excluding ‘Assault’ leading to death, indecent/sexual assault, threats, torture and slapping/punching.

 

 The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Assault.

ISO Country Serious assault
 leading to death 		 Comment Injurious acts
of sexual nature		 Comment Serious threat Comment Minor assault Comment
BE Belgium Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
BG Bulgaria Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
CZ Czechia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
DK Denmark Excluded   Included   Included   Excluded  
DE Germany Excluded Classification as "11 intentional homicide" acc. to the German correspondence table to ICCS-section 1 Excluded Will be classified acc. to ICCS-section 3 after implementing the German correspondence table (exception sexual offences causing death, which are classified acc. to the German correspondence table to ICCS-section 1 (division 19) Excluded   Excluded  
EE Estonia Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
IE Ireland Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
EL Greece Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
ES Spain Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
FR France Excluded They're accounted for with homicides Excluded   Excluded   Excluded All assaults are taken into account if the victim is specifically vulnerable or in the case of domestic violence
HR Croatia Excluded Article 120 of the Penal Code  Excluded Chapters 16 and 17 of the Penal Code  Excluded   Excluded Article 117 of the Penal Code 
IT Italy Excluded   Included   Excluded   Included Police statistics data  cannot separate the minors assaults from aggravated ones
CY Cyprus Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
LV Latvia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
LT Lithuania Excluded Serious assault leading to death is registered as homicide Included   Excluded CC RL article 145 Excluded CC RL articles 138, 14
LU Luxembourg :   :   :   :  
HU Hungary Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
MT Malta Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
NL Netherlands Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
AT Austria Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
PL Poland Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
PT Portugal Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
RO Romania Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SI Slovenia Included   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
SK Slovakia Included   Excluded Separate offence Included   Excluded Separate offence
FI Finland Included In most cases police record two offences serious assault and (grossly) negligent homicide Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SE Sweden Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
IS Iceland Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
LI Liechtenstein  :   :   :   :  
NO Norway Included “Maltreatment in close relations” (many different, but unspecified, acts of violence and other acts causing harm), not included. Conclusion of Statistics Norway’s assessment of the ICCS classification of Assault and threats (0201); “maltreatment in close relations” is sorted at sub-level Other assault and threats (02019).  Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
CH Switzerland  Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
ME Montenegro Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
MK North Macedonia :   :   :   :  
AL Albania Included   Included   Included   Excluded  
RS Serbia Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
TR Turkey Included   :   :   :  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Excluded   Excluded   Included   Excluded  
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  

: not applicable/not provided 

 

Comments by countries - Assault    

DE: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – key 222000). Included are data on completed and attempted acts of dangerous and serious bodily injury (sects. 224, 226, 231 PC (but not resulting in death)) as well as female genital mutilation (sect. 226a PC); not included are a. o. data on bodily injury resulting in death (sects. 227, 231 PC), mistreatment of persons under offender´s care (sect. 225 PC), slight bodily injury with intent (Sect. 223 PC) and negligent/unintentionally bodily injury (sect. 229 PC).

BG: The process of the ICCS introduction in statistical practice of the country was not completed yet. It is expected to undertake administrative steps for its completing in next months. Due to that reason data provided by the Police are not in full compliance.

EL: it refers to articles 309,310 of Greek Penal Code.

RO: Assault (Art.194 Criminal Code). Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

SK: §§155,156.

NO:  Maltreatment in close relations(many different, but unspecified, acts of violence and other acts causing harm), not included. Conclusion of Statistics Norway assessment of the ICCS classification of Assault and threats (0201); maltreatment in close.

AL: article 88, 88/a, 88/b, 89/a, 91.

MT: Includes cases of bodily harm and domestic violence (involving grievous injuries).

EE: Penal Code § 118.

CY*:  Matching the Cyprus Police statistics according to ICCS definitions.

AT*: Attempts are also included.

BA*: Federal police, Police of Republika Srpska and Distric Brcko included.

 

 

 

Sexual Violence (Rape and Sexual Assault)

Definition: Unwanted sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, or contact or communication with unwanted sexual attention without valid consent or with consent as a result of intimidation, force, fraud, coercion, threat, deception, use of drugs or alcohol, or abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability. It should exclude acts of abuse of a position of vulnerability, power or trust, or use of force or threat of force, for profiting monetarily, socially or politically from the prostitution or sexual acts of a person, coercion, prostitution offences, pornography offences and other acts against public order sexual standards such as incest not amounting to rape and exhibitionism, assaults and threats, slavery and exploitation not amounting to injurious acts of a sexual nature, TiP( trafficking in human beings) for sexual exploitation, harassment and stalking.

In practice sexual violence figures are the sum of rape and sexual assault.

 

The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Sexual Violence .

ISO Country Sexual exploitation Comment Coercion Comment Prostitution offences Comment TiP for sexual expoitation Comment
BE Belgium Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
BG Bulgaria Included   Included   Excluded   Included  
CZ Czechia Included   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
DK Denmark Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
DE Germany Excluded   Included Only data on sexual coercion acc. to sect. 177 PC (in the version valid until 1 Nov. 216) are Included, but not those on coercion acc. to sect. 24 PC Excluded   Excluded  
EE Estonia Included Depends on circumstances Included Depends on circumstances Excluded   Excluded  
IE Ireland Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
EL Greece Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
ES Spain Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
FR France Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
HR Croatia Excluded Sexual violence include articles: 153; 153 in connection to 154; 152; 158 paragraphs 1 and 5; 158 paragraphs 1 and 5 in connection to article 166; 159; 156; 155; 158 paragraphs 2 and 6 Excluded   Excluded   Excluded Article 16 Paragraph 1 of the Penal Code 
IT Italy Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
CY Cyprus Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
LV Latvia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
LT Lithuania Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded CC RL article 147
LU Luxembourg Included   Excluded   Included   Excluded  
HU Hungary Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
MT Malta Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
NL Netherlands Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
AT Austria Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
PL Poland Included   Included   Included   Excluded  
PT Portugal Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
RO Romania Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SI Slovenia Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SK Slovakia Included   Included   Excluded No crime, pimping separate crime Excluded  
FI Finland Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SE Sweden Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
IS Iceland Included   Included   Included   Excluded  
LI Liechtenstein  :   :   :   :  
NO Norway Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
CH Switzerland  Excluded   Included Art. 189 Swiss Criminal Code Excluded   Excluded  
ME Montenegro Included   Included   Excluded   Included  
MK North Macedonia :   :   :   :  
AL Albania Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
RS Serbia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
TR Turkey :   :   :   :  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Included   Included   Included   Included  
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Included   Included   Included   :  

  : not applicable/not provided 

 

Comments by countries - Sexual violence              

DE: "Source 2018 German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – keys 110000, 130000 minus 111900, 131400, 131600, 131800, 132000). Included completed and attempted offences against sexual self-determination with use of violence or exploiting a state of dependence.

MT: Includes cases reported in the NPS regarding sexually related offences with the exception of indecent exposure offences.

AT: Attempts are also included.

RO: Chapter VIII – Offences against sexual freedom and integrity (Rape - art.218 Penal Code , Sexual assault - art.219 Penal Code, Sexual intercourse with a juvenile - art.220 Penal Code, Sexual harassment - art.223 Penal Code). Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

BG: The process of the ICCS introduction in statistical practice of the country was not completed yet. Data provided by the Police are not in full compliance.

NO: Compared to previously reported figures, sexual violence now include sexually abusive behaviour (ICCS 030122 and 030129) and more offences for Sexual act.

BA:  Police of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Police of Republika Srpska included.

 FR: The methodology for counting offences has been changed. The principal offense rule no longer applies.

NO: Sexual violence now include Sexually abusive behaviour (ICCS 030122 and 030129) and more offences for Sexual act

SK: §199+§200, §201-§203.

EE: Penal Code §§ 141-146.

ES*: Includes all the sexual offences, even the ones were committed without violence.

EL*: Excludes attempts.

SE*: As of 1st of July 2018, legislative amendments to the sexual offence legislation entered into force. This introduced two new offences: 'negligent rape' and 'negligent sexual abuse', both based on the new sexual consent legislation.

IS*: Includes sexual offences against children, indecent sexual behaviour and prostitution.

CH*: Selection of articles adjusted: new added Art. 198 sexual harassement.

HR*: During 2019, public consultations were held related to the proposed amendments to the Penal Code, the focus of was the merging of the criminal offenses of Sexual Intercourse without Consent and the criminal offense of Rape. These discussions highlighted the importance of stronger criminal protection for victims of sexual intercourse without consent, which in turn empowered victims to report victimization. Furthermore, during 2019, the website of the Ministry of Interior and the application for online reporting of child abuse - Red Button - were redesigned. A strong media promotion of the online mechanism for reporting all forms of child abuse with a special focus on sexual abuse and exploitation of children was conducted, which contributed to a larger number of reported crimes of sexual violence.

 

 

Rape

Definition: Sexual penetration without valid consent or with consent as a result of intimidation, force, fraud, coercion, threat, deception, use of drugs or alcohol, abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability, or the giving or receiving of benefits.

 

The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Rape. 

ISO Country Sexual penetration with physical force Comment Rape without force Comment Statutory rape Comment
BE Belgium Included   Included   Included  
BG Bulgaria Included   Included   Included  
CZ Czechia Included   Included   Excluded  
DK Denmark Included   Included   Included  
DE Germany Included Rape was defined in former sect. 177 (2) no. 1 PC (version valid until 1 Nov. 216 as the basis for the data collection) in the way, that the perpetrator carries out sexual intercourse/cohabitation or similar sexual acts on the victim or let the victim carry out these actions on himself, whereby the victim becomes notable humiliated, especially in cases of penetrating the body Included Rape was defined in former sect. 177 (2) no. 1 PC (version valid until 1 Nov. 216 as the basis for the data collection) in the way, that the perpetrator carries out sexual intercourse/cohabitation or similar sexual acts on the victim or let the victim carry out these actions on himself, whereby the victim becomes notable humiliated, especially in cases of penetrating the body Excluded Classified as "sexual assault"
EE Estonia Included   Included   Included  
IE Ireland Included   Included   Included  
EL Greece Included   Included   Excluded  
ES Spain Included   Excluded   Included  
FR France Included   Included In French law, there is no difference between rapes with or without force.   Included  
HR Croatia Included Article 153 and 153 in connection to Article 154 Included Article 153 and 153 in connection to Article 154 Included Article  158 paragraphs 1 and 5; Article  158 paragraphs 1 and 5 in connection to Article 166; Article 159
IT Italy : Rape does not exist separately from sexual violence in Italian legislation : Rape does not exist separately from sexual violence in Italian legislation : Rape does not exist separately from sexual violence in Italian legislation
CY Cyprus Included   Included   Included  
LV Latvia Included   Included   Included  
LT Lithuania Included   Included   Included  
LU Luxembourg Included   Included   Included  
HU Hungary Included Section 197 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code  Included Section 196 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code  Included Section 198 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code 
MT Malta Included   Included   Included  
NL Netherlands Included   Included   Included  
AT Austria Included   Included   Included  
PL Poland Included   Included   Excluded  
PT Portugal Included   Included   Excluded  
RO Romania Included   Included   Included  
SI Slovenia Included   Included   Excluded  
SK Slovakia Included   Included   Included  
FI Finland Included   Included   Excluded When victim of a rape is under 16 rape is counted statutory
SE Sweden Included   Included   Included  
IS Iceland Included   Included   Included If rape then Included, if other sexual offences (like sexual harassment) then not included
LI Liechtenstein  :   :   :  
NO Norway Included Including making someone having sexual intercourse with another person by threats or violence Included Rape without force includes sexual intercourse by threats, sexual intercourse with children aged 14 years or under, sexual intercourse with a unconscious/sleeping person, making someone doing sexual acts with themselves Included Included for victims under the age of 14, as this is the age limits for the legal definition of rape without force
CH Switzerland  Included Art. 190 Swiss Criminal Code   Included Art. 190 Swiss Criminal Code   Included Art. 190 Swiss Criminal Code  
ME Montenegro Included   Included   Included  
MK North Macedonia :   :   :  
AL Albania Included   Excluded   Excluded  
RS Serbia Included   Included   Included  
TR Turkey :   :   :  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Included   Included   Included  
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Included   Included   Included  

: not applicable/not provided 

 

Comments by countries – Rape

 

DE: 2018 data  rape sect. 177 (6, 7, 8) PC and consummation of sexual intercourse with a child or other acts (sect. 176a (2) no. 1 PC) ;PCS; Tab. 01 - key 111700+131500 rape without rape resulting in death included are data on completed and attempted acts of rape. Until 2017: Included are data on completed and attempted acts of rape and sexual coercion according to former sects. 177 (2-4), 178 PC in the version valid until 10 Nov. 2016 (PCS; table 01 – key 111000)."

RO: Rape - art.218 Penal Code, Sexual intercourse with a juvenile - art.220 Penal Code. Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office.  Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

NO: From the new definition of rape in the New Norwegian penal code of 2015, all incidents of sexual intercourse with children under the age of 14 years are considered as rape – regardless the use of force.

BA: Police of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina included and Police of Republika Srpska included.

FR : An update has been made with the recent version of the correspondence between French and ICCS classifications.

EE: Penal Code § 141.

EL*: Excludes attempts.

LV*: Data for year 2016 compiled according to ICCS, therefore data is not comparable with previous years.

LU*: Only accomplished facts.

SK*: §199.

SE*: As of 1st of July 2018, legislative amendments to the sexual offence legislation entered into force. This introduced two new offences: 'negligent rape' and 'negligent sexual abuse', both based on the new sexual consent legislation.

CH*: Art. 190 (attempted and accomplished) Swiss Criminal Code.

AT*: Revision of the definition given by ICCS and adjustment of the included paragraphs of the Austrian penal law.

 

 

Sexual Assault 

Definition: Sexual violence not amounting to rape. It includes an unwanted sexual act, an attempt to obtain a sexual act, or contact or communication with unwanted sexual attention not amounting to rape. It also includes sexual assault with or without physical contact including drug-facilitated sexual assault, sexual assault committed against a marital partner against her/his will, sexual assault against a helpless person, unwanted groping or fondling, harassment and threat of a sexual nature

 

The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Sexual Assault. 

ISO Country Rape with force Comment Rape without force Comment Non-physical sexual assault (sexual harassment) Comment
BE Belgium Included   Included   Excluded  
BG Bulgaria Included   Included   Included  
CZ Czechia Excluded   Excluded   Included  
DK Denmark Excluded   Excluded   Included Offences against public decency
DE Germany Excluded   Excluded   Included  
EE Estonia Excluded   Excluded   Included Depends on circumstances
IE Ireland Excluded   Excluded   Included  
EL Greece Excluded   Excluded   Included  
ES Spain Excluded   Included   Included  
FR France Excluded   Excluded   Included  
HR Croatia Excluded Article 153 and 153 in connection to Article 154 Excluded Article 153 and 153 in connection to Article 154 Excluded Article 156 of the Penal Code 
IT Italy : Sexual assault does not exist separately from sexual violence in Italian legislation : Sexual assault does not exist separately from sexual violence in Italian legislation : Sexual assault does not exist separately from sexual violence in Italian legislation
CY Cyprus Excluded   Excluded   Included  
LV Latvia Excluded   Excluded   Included If it has a threshold of being a crime
LT Lithuania Excluded   Excluded   Excluded CC RL article 152 
LU Luxembourg Included   Included   Excluded  
HU Hungary Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
MT Malta Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
NL Netherlands Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
AT Austria Included   Included   Excluded  
PL Poland Included   Included   Excluded  
PT Portugal Excluded   Excluded   Included  
RO Romania Excluded   Excluded   Included  
SI Slovenia Included   Included   Included  
SK Slovakia Excluded Separate offence Excluded Different crime no as rape Excluded Unknown crime
FI Finland Excluded   Excluded   Included By definition of Finnish law sexual harassment requires touching
SE Sweden Excluded   Excluded   Included  
IS Iceland Excluded   Excluded   Included  
LI Liechtenstein  :   :   :  
NO Norway Excluded Included in "sexual assault" is attempted rape and sexual act Excluded   Included Included: Sexually abusive behaviour (incl. voyeurism, indecent exposure and the like)
CH Switzerland  Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
ME Montenegro Included   Included   Included  
MK North Macedonia :   :   :  
AL Albania Excluded   Excluded   Included  
RS Serbia Included   Included   Included  
TR Turkey :   :   :  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Excluded   Excluded   Included  
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Included   Included   Included  

: not applicable/not provided 

 

Comments by countries – Sexual assault

 

DE: "Source 2018: PCS; Tab. 01 - key 111800, 112100, 113000, 114000, 115000, 130000 Minus 131400, 131500, 131600, 131800, 132000

Included are data on victims of completed and attempted sexual coercion offences according to sect. 177 (1 and 5) PC in the version valid until 10 Nov. 2016, and sexual abuse offences acc. to sects. 174, 174a-c, 176, 176a, 176b, 179, 182, 183, 183a PC in the version valid until 10 Nov. 2016; excluded are victims of rape and sexual coercion acc. to sects. 177 (2-4), 178 PC in the version valid until 10 Nov. 2016, as well as exploiting sexual inclinations (sects. 180, 180a, 181a, 184, 184a-f PC in the version valid until 10 Nov. 2016).  (PCS; table 01 – keys 111600, 112000, 113000, 130000). Due to the recent revision of the German Penal Code with regard to rape and other sexual offences, the data for 2017 are not comparable with the former years. Included are data on victims of completed and attempted sexual coercion offences according to (sect. 177 (5, 7, 8 and 9)".

EE: Penal Code §§ 142-146.

FR: The figures presented correspond to the number of offences registered by the police. The increase in 2018 can be explained by the #metoo movement launched following the Weinstein affair.

RO: Sexual assault - Art.219 of the Criminal Code, Sexual harassment Art.223 of the Criminal Code. Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

NO: Included here is Attempted rape, Sexual act and Sexually abusive behaviour. All sexual act and sexually abusive behaviour, also against children, is included. Grooming is considered as an attempt of sexual assault, and is also included.

CH: Selection of articles adjusted: new added Art. 198 sexual harassment.

TR: The definitions in Turkish Legislation and ICCS are not fully convenient each other.

AT*: Revision of the definition given by ICCS and adjustment of the included paragraphs of the Austrian penal law.

BA*:Police of Republika Srpska included only.

 

Robbery 

Definition: Theft of property from a person, overcoming resistance by force or threat of force. Where possible, the category “Robbery” should include muggings (bag-snatching) and theft with violence, but should exclude pick pocketing and extortion.

 

The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Robbery. 

 

ISO Country Robbery of a car or vehicle Comment Robbery of an establishment Comment Theft without violence Comment Burglary without violence against the person Comment
BE Belgium Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
BG Bulgaria Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
CZ Czechia Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
DK Denmark Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
DE Germany Included Not included are thefts of cars or vehicles Included   Excluded   Excluded  
EE Estonia Excluded If no violence was used Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
IE Ireland Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
EL Greece Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
ES Spain Included Only the crimes which are executed with violence Included Only the crimes which are executed with violence Excluded   Excluded  
FR France Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
HR Croatia Included Article 230 Paragraph 1 (vehicles cannot be separated) Included   Excluded   Excluded Article 229 Paragraph 1, items 1, 2 and 3 of the Penal Code
IT Italy Included   Included   Excluded  If there is  violence on the person in the dynamic of the theft is considered a robbery Excluded If there is  violence on the person in the dynamic of the burglary is considered a robbery
CY Cyprus Excluded   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
LV Latvia Included   Included   Excluded Robbery is Included as a theft related to violence or threatened violence. : Robbery is included as a theft related to violence or threatened violence.
LT Lithuania Included   Included   Excluded CC RL article 178  Excluded CC RL article 178
LU Luxembourg Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
HU Hungary Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
MT Malta Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Included Cases of Snatch and Grab.
NL Netherlands Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
AT Austria Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
PL Poland Included   Included   Included   Excluded  
PT Portugal Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
RO Romania Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SI Slovenia Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
SK Slovakia Excluded Robbery is crime against person only Excluded Robbery is crime against person only Excluded Robbery is crime against person only Excluded Robbery is crime against person only
FI Finland Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
SE Sweden Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
IS Iceland Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
LI Liechtenstein  :   :   :   :  
NO Norway Included   Included   Included Theft/robbery without violence is here limited to robbery with threats Excluded  
CH Switzerland  Included   Included   Included

Yes, but only if the theft has been committed under threat of violence

 

 Excluded  
ME Montenegro Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
MK North Macedonia :   :   :   :  
AL Albania Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
RS Serbia Included   Included   Included   Included  
TR Turkey :   :   :   :  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Included   Included   Excluded   Excluded  
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Included   Included   Included   Included  

: not applicable/not provided 

 

Comments by countries – Robbery

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – key 210000). Included are data on completed and attempted acts of robbery, extortion accompanied by violence, and assault on motorists with intent to rob (sects. 249-252, 255, 316a PC); not included are extortionate kidnapping or hostage taking (sect. 239a-b PC) in connection with robberies as well as extortion (sect. 253 PC) and pick pocketing (if there is no use of force or threat of immediate danger to life or limb for offences acc. to sects. 249-251 PC).- It is noted that a national correspondence table to the ICCS-section 04 has not been implemented in Germany up to now. Data include cases of robbery resulting in death (2013: 7, 2014: 2, 2015: 1, 2016: 0).

MT: Includes cases of armed robbery, mugging and 'snatch & grab'.

FR: Following the work of our joint working group, France is now able to provide data for which the correspondence between the French and the ICCS classification has been found. According to this new classification, the framework has been modified. This explains the differences between old and new data.

RO: Art. 233 – Robbery and Art. 234 – Aggravated robbery of the Criminal Code.

Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs."

BG: The process of the ICCS introduction in statistical practice of the country was not completed yet. It is expected to undertake administrative steps for its completing in next months. Due to that reason data provided by the Police are not in full compliance

LU : thefts with violence (weapons/threats) carried out and attempts.

SK: §188.

AT*: Attempts are also included.

AL*: ARTICLE 139,140,141.

BA*: Police of Republika Srpska and Distric Brcko included.

 CH*: See Art. 140 SCC for Robbery:

1. Any person who commits theft by using force on another, threatening another with imminent danger to life or limb, or making another incapable of resistance is liable to a custodial sentence of at least six months and no more than ten years.
Any person who, when caught in the act of committing theft, commits any of the coercive acts mentioned in the foregoing paragraph in order to retain the stolen property is liable the same penalties.
2. The offender is liable to a custodial sentence of not less than one year if he carries with him a firearm or other dangerous weapon for the purpose of committing robbery.
3. The offender is liable to a custodial sentence of not less than two years,
if he commits robbery as a member of a group that has been formed for the purpose of carrying out repeated acts of robbery or theft,
or if he represents a particular danger in any other way due to the manner in which he commits robbery.
4. The penalty is a custodial sentence of not less than five years, if the offender endangers the life of the victim, commits a serious assault on the victim or otherwise treats the victim with cruelty.

 

 

Kidnapping 

Definition: Unlawfully detaining a person or persons against their will (including through the use of force, threat, fraud or enticement) for the purpose of demanding for their liberation an illicit gain or any other economic gain or other material benefit, or in order to oblige someone to do or not to do something. “Kidnapping” excludes disputes over child custody,abduction of a minor, TIP, illegal adoption, taking a hostage.

 

The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Kidnapping . 

ISO Country Abduction
 of a minor		 Comment Trafficking in Persons Comment Illegal
adoption		 Comment Taking a
 hostage		 Comment
BE Belgium Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
BG Bulgaria Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
CZ Czechia Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
DK Denmark :   :   :   :  
DE Germany Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
EE Estonia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Included Probably
IE Ireland Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Included Kidnap and false imprisonment are not distinguished in the national crime incident recording system. All instances recorded as 'False imprisonment'. Data provided are for 'False imprisonment' 
EL Greece Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
ES Spain Included   Excluded   Excluded   Included

It would be considered as kidnapping, when a condition for the release of the person is imposed.From this consideration would be excluded, the crime of kidnapping by terrorists or terrorist organizations, which would be considered as a crime of terrorism. It also excludes those who violently seize an aircraft, vessel or other type of vessel or platform at sea, which will be considered as piracy. Another fact that is not included is the use of hostages as "human shields" in a warlike conflict.
FR France Excluded French law doesn't make distinctions between kidnapping an illegal restraint  Excluded   Excluded   Included  
HR Croatia Excluded Article 174 of the Penal Code  Excluded Article 106 of the Penal Code  Excluded Article 106 Paragraph 2 of the Penal Code  Excluded Article 97 Paragraph 1 Item 3 of the Penal Code 
IT Italy Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
CY Cyprus Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
LV Latvia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
LT Lithuania Excluded   Excluded CC RL article 147 Excluded CC RL article 156  Excluded CC RL article 252 
LU Luxembourg Included   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
HU Hungary Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
MT Malta Excluded The elements of this offence falls under illegal/unlawful arrest in Malta Excluded The elements of this offence falls under illegal/unlawful arrest in Malta Excluded The elements of this offence falls under illegal/unlawful arrest in Malta Excluded The elements of this offence falls under illegal/unlawful arrest in Malta
NL Netherlands Included   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
AT Austria Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
PL Poland : A breakdown of data according to criteria specified in this section is not possible : A breakdown of data according to criteria specified in this section is not possible : A breakdown of data according to criteria specified in this section is not possible : A breakdown of data according to criteria specified in this section is not possible
PT Portugal Included   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
RO Romania Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SI Slovenia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
SK Slovakia Included Kidnapping of minor only, kidnapping of adult is different article  Excluded Separate offence Excluded No crime Excluded Separate offence
FI Finland Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Included  
SE Sweden :   :   :   :  
IS Iceland :   :   :   :  
LI Liechtenstein  :   :   :   :  
NO Norway :   :   :   :  
CH Switzerland  Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
ME Montenegro Included   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
MK North Macedonia :   :   :   :  
AL Albania Excluded Article 19, 19/a of Criminal Code Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
RS Serbia Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
TR Turkey :   :   :   :  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Excluded   Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Included   Included   Excluded   Included  

: not applicable/not provided 

 

Comments by countries –Kidnapping   

DE: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – keys 231100, 232100, 233000). Included are data on completed and attempted acts of kidnapping (sect. 234 PC), deprivation of liberty (sect. 239 PC) and extortionate kidnapping (sect. 239a PC); excluded are data on a. o. hostage taking (sect. 239b PC), child abduction (under 18 years) (sect. 235 PC), trafficking in children (sect. 236 PC), trafficking in human beings with intent to exploit prostitution or manpower (sects. 232, 233 PC) and encouraging trafficking in human beings (sect. 233a PC). - It is noted that a national correspondence table to the ICCS-section 02 has not been implemented in Germany up to now.

IE: All cases classified as False Imprisonment 02022.

RO: Illegal deprivation of freedom (art.205 Penal Code). Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

FR: French law doesn't make distinctions between kidnapping and illegal restraint.

EE: Penal Code § 135.

AL: Article 109, 109/a.

BG: The process of the ICCS introduction in statistical practice of the country was not completed yet. It is expected to undertake administrative steps for its completing in next months. Due to that reason data provided by the Police are not in full compliance.

MT: Confirmed by specialised branch.

RO: Illegal deprivation of freedom (Art.205 Criminal Code). Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

SK: §§182-184,186.

SE: The definition of kidnapping according to the Swedish Penal Code (Ch. 4 Art. 1) is wider than the ICCS definition and therefore we cannot provide this data.

BA*: Police of Republika Srpska included only.

 

 

 

Theft 

Definition: Unlawfully taking or obtaining of property with the intent to permanently withhold it from a person or organization without consent and without the use of force, threat of force or violence, coercion or deception.“Theft” excludes burglary, housebreaking and robbery, which are recorded separately. Excludes possession of stolen goods or money; receiving, handling, disposing, selling or trafficking stolen goods; using stolen parts for producing other goods; concealment of stolen goods, obtaining money or other benefit or evading a liability through deceit or dishonest conduct,robbery, property damage , theft after unauthorized access to premises, theft of intellectual property, identity theft.“Theft” excludes burglary, housebreaking and robbery, which are recorded separately.

 

 The tables below shows if offences are included / excluded in the data provided for Theft . 

ISO Country Burglary/breaking and entering Comment Theft with force or the threat of force (robbery) Comment Theft of a motorized land vehicle Comment
BE Belgium Excluded   Included   Included  
BG Bulgaria Included   Excluded   Excluded  
CZ Czechia Included   Excluded   Included  
DK Denmark Excluded   Excluded   Included  
DE Germany Excluded   Excluded   Included Included only in cases of simple theft, but not in cases of serious theft (under aggravating circumstances)
EE Estonia Included   Excluded   Included  
IE Ireland Excluded   Excluded   Included  
EL Greece Included   Excluded   Included  
ES Spain Included   Excluded   Included  
FR France Excluded   Excluded   Included  
HR Croatia Included Article 229 Paragraph 1, items 1, 2 and 3 of the Penal Code Excluded Articles 230 and 231 of the Penal Code Included Article 229 Paragraph 1, items 1, 2 and 3 of the Penal Code
IT Italy Excluded   Excluded   Included  
CY Cyprus Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
LV Latvia Excluded   Excluded   Included  
LT Lithuania Included   Excluded   Included  
LU Luxembourg Excluded   Excluded   Excluded  
HU Hungary Included   Excluded   Included  
MT Malta Included   Included   Included  
NL Netherlands Excluded   Excluded   Included  
AT Austria Excluded   Excluded   Included  
PL Poland Excluded   Excluded   Included car theft excluded 
PT Portugal Excluded   Excluded   Included  
RO Romania Included   Excluded   Included  
SI Slovenia Excluded   Excluded   Included  
SK Slovakia Included   Excluded Robbery can be against person only, burglary is theft with violence from house Included  
FI Finland Excluded Breaking and entering to vehicle (car etc.) Included Excluded   Included  
SE Sweden Excluded   Excluded   Included  
IS Iceland Excluded   Excluded   Included  
LI Liechtenstein  :   :   :  
NO Norway Excluded   Excluded   Included  
CH Switzerland  Excluded   Excluded   Included  
ME Montenegro Excluded   Excluded   Included  
MK North Macedonia :   :   :  
AL Albania Included   Excluded   Included  
RS Serbia Included   Included   Included  
TR Turkey :   :   :  
BA Bosnia and Herzegovina  Included   Included   Excluded  
XK Kosovo (under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244/99)  Included   Included   Included  

: not applicable/not provided 

 

Comments by countries – Theft               

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – key 3***00). Included are data on all types of completed and attempted acts of theft without aggravating circumstances acc. to sects. 242, 247, 248a-c PC, namely various forms of simple thefts, such as those of motor vehicles, mopeds, motorbikes and bicycles (each incl. unauthorized use, but without theft under aggravating circumstances), those from the exterior/interior of a/m vehicles, simple theft in/from banks, post offices, and the like, simple thefts in/from duty, manufacturing, workshops and storage premises, simple thefts in/from restaurants, canteens, hotels and boarding houses, simple thefts in/from kiosks, department stores, sales rooms, self-service shops, etc., simple thefts in/from dwellings, in/from attics, basements, laundry rooms, predominantly unoccupied new or unfinished buildings, pharmacies, doctor´s practices, hospitals, etc., as well as simple pickpocketing. 

EE: Ministry of Justice. Excl. misdemeanours.

MT: Includes all reported theft cases. Decrease can be contributed to the Covid-19 restrictions in place during pandemic.

AT: Revision of the definition given by ICCS and adjustment of the included paragraphs of the Austrian penal law. 

EL: The difference in the numbers between the initially mentioned and the revised results is due to the renewal/update of the data mining system and the consequently updated categorization of offenses which is closer to the provided definition.

ES: All Police Forces.

FI: Change in classification: breaking into storage lockers etc. Basements were classified as burglaries, now changed to thefts as indicated in ICCS definition.

RO: Theft (art.228 Penal code),  Aggravated theft (art.229 Penal code),  Stealing for personal use - Total (art.230 Penal code). Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

SE*: Data consists of reported offences against a person.

CH*: They have added Article 137 of the Swiss Criminal Code to the selection of offenses for the definition of theft.

PT*: The data was revised to include the numbers of theft of a motorized vehicle.

SE*: Data consists of reported offences against a person.

FR*: Interior and Justice Working Group.

IT*: Theft without theft at home.

CY*: Data are only for the serious thefts.

LU*: Number includes accomplished and attempted actions.

 

 

Theft of a Motorised Land Vehicle 

Definition: Removal of a motor vehicle without the consent of the owner of the vehicle. Motor vehicles include all land vehicles with an engine that run on the road, such as cars, motorcycles, buses, lorries, construction and agricultural vehicles. Exclude robbery of a car or vehicle

 

Comments by countries –Theft of a Motorised Land Vehicle 

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – keys 3**100, 3**200, 4**100, 4**200) Included are data on completed and attempted acts of simple theft and theft under aggravating circumstances of motor vehicles, mopeds and motorbikes including their unauthorized use (sects. 242-244a, 248b PC); not included are e. g. obtaining motor vehicles by fraud (sect. 263 PC), misappropriation of motor vehicles (sects. 246, 247 PC), feigning a theft of a motor vehicle (sect. 145d PC) and receiving stolen motor vehicles (sects. 259-260a PC). Due to the fact that data on thefts of vehicles under aggravating circumstances are also included, only a part of these offences refer to the values given for theft (ICCS 0502 resp. 05021). The concerned numbers of only simple thefts of motor vehicles, mopeds and motorbikes incl. unauthorized use are as follows: 2013: 12.778 cases; 2014: 12.466 cases; 2015: 11.759 cases; 2016: 11.635 cases. - It is noted that a national correspondence table to the ICCS-section 05 has not been implemented in Germany up to now. In the meantime data will be provided according to the a/m criteria.     

EE: Police data. Excl. unauthorised use (previously was included).

MT: Reported cases of theft of vehicle.

EL: The difference in the numbers between the initially mentioned and the revised results is due to the renewal/update of the data mining system and the consequently updated categorization of offenses, which is closer to the provided definition.

RO: Theft (art.228 Penal code), Stealing for personal use - car theft (art.230 Penal code). Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

CY: Data are not available at this level of detail.

At: Revision of the definition given by ICCS and adjustment of the included paragraphs of the Austrian penal law.

TR*: Includes car and motorized vehicle. Data includes also construction and agricultural vehicles.

IT*: Theft of a motorized vehicle (05021), NUMBER OF OFFENCES of which theft of motor-vehicle theft.

LU*: Includes accomplished and attempted actions.

SE*: Data consists of reported offences against a person.

 

 

 

Burglary

Definition: Gaining unauthorised access to a part of building/dwelling or other premises, including by use of force, with the intent to steal goods (breaking and entering). “Burglary” should include, where possible, theft from a house, apartment or other dwelling place, factory, shop or office, from a military establishment, or by using false keys. It should exclude theft from a car, from a container, from a vending machine, from a parking meter and from fenced meadow/compound.

 

Comments by countries –Burglary

Burglary

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS table 01 – keys 405*00, 410*00, 415*00, 425*00, 435*00, 440*00, 445*00). Included are data on completed and attempted offences of theft committed under aggravating circumstances in/from banks, savings banks, post offices (and the like), offices, manufacturing, workshops, storage premises, restaurants, bars, canteens, hotels, boarding houses, kiosks, department stores, sales rooms, self-service stores, store windows, showcases/display cases, attics, basements, laundry rooms, predominantly unoccupied new or unfinished buildings, construction sites and site huts (sects. 244 (1) no. 1 and 2, 244a PC), as well as theft by burglary of a dwelling (sect. 244 (1) no. 3 PC); not included are all other types of theft committed under aggravating circumstances not mentioned above, a. o. theft committed under aggravating circumstances according to sects. 244 (1) no. 1 and 2, 244a PC from the exterior/interior of motor vehicles, of narcotics from pharmacies , doctors' practices, hospitals, manufacturers and wholesale dealers, and of prescription forms to procure narcotics. - It is to note that the data on burglary may have inaccuracies which have to be accepted until the implementation of a national correspondence table to ICCS-section 05 (division 0501).

EL: The difference in the numbers between the initially mentioned and the revised results is due to the renewal/update of the data mining system and the consequently updated categorization of offenses which is  closer to the provided definition.

MT: Reviewed sub-categories for burglary (total) as of year 2017. Categories included are bar/restaurant - premises, building sites, factories - premises, factories - vacant, Government buildings, hotel - premises, offices - premises, religious temples.

RO: Aggravated theft (Art.229 Criminal Code) from housing and commercial companies. Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

FI: Change in classification: breaking into storage lockers etc. Basements were classified as burglaries, now changed to thefts as indicated in ICCS definition.

NO: Due to changes in penal law and police codes, figures on burglary with intent to commit theft cannot be stated.

FR*: France is now able to provide data for which the correspondence between the French and the ICCS classification has been found. According to this new classification, the framework has been modified. This explains the differences between old and new data.

 AT*: Attempts are also included.

AL*: ARTICLE 139,140,141.

BA*: Police of Republika Srpska and Distric Brcko included.

 

 

Burglary of Private Residential Premises (Domestic Burglary) 
Definition: Burglary of a house, apartment or other dwelling place.

 

Comments by countries –Burglary of Private Residential Premises 

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS table 01 – keys 435*00). Included are data on completed and attempted offences of theft committed under aggravating circumstances in/from banks, savings banks, post offices (and the like), offices, manufacturing, workshops, storage premises, restaurants, bars, canteens, hotels, boarding houses, kiosks, department stores, sales rooms, self-service stores, store windows, showcases/display cases, attics, basements, laundry rooms, predominantly unoccupied new or unfinished buildings, construction sites and site huts (sects. 244 (1) no. 1 and 2, 244a PC), as well as theft by burglary of a dwelling (sect. 244 (1) no. 3 PC); not included are all other types of theft committed under aggravating circumstances not mentioned above, a. o. theft committed under aggravating circumstances according to sects. 244 (1) no. 1 and 2, 244a PC from the exterior/interior of motor vehicles, of narcotics from pharmacies , doctors' practices, hospitals, manufacturers and wholesale dealers, and of prescription forms to procure narcotics. - It is to note that the data on burglary may have inaccuracies which have to be accepted until the implementation of a national correspondence table to ICCS-section 05 (division 0501).

EE: Police data. Included in the number of thefts.

IT: Only for burglary in apartment.

MT: All registered cases of Theft from residences (Interior & Exterior) Decrease can be contributed to the Covid-19 restrictions in place during pandemic.

RO: Aggravated theft (art.229 Penal code) from housing. Offences solved by the police / declined to the Prosecutor's Office. Source: General Inspectorate of Romanian Police within the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

EL: The difference in the numbers between the initially mentioned and the revised results is due to the renewal/update of the data mining system and the consequently updated categorization of offenses which is  closer to the provided definition.

PL*: NUMBER OF OFFENCES, residential buildings only.

NO*: Due to changes in penal law and police codes, figures on burglary with intent to commit theft cannot be stated.

At*: Revision of the definition given by ICCS and adjustment of the included paragraphs of the Austrian penal law.

 

Unlawful Acts Involving Controlled Drugs or Precursors

Definition: Unlawful handling, possession, purchase, use, trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors for personal consumption and for non-personal consumption.Illegal possession, cultivation, production, supplying, transportation, importing, exporting, financing etc. of drug operations which are not solely in connection with personal use. Exclusions: Operating a vehicle under the influence of psychoactive substances, causing death by driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

 

DE: Source: German Police Crime Statistics (PCS; table 01 – key 730000). Included are data on completed and attempted drug offences acc. to the Narcotics Control Act (NCA), such as general violations (so called “consumer-oriented offences”) under sect. 29 NCA, unauthorized trafficking in, and smuggling of drugs under sect. 29 NCA, unauthorized importation of (significant amounts of) drugs (sect. 30 (1) no. 4 NCA) and other violations of the NCA, specifically unauthorized cultivation of drugs under sect. 29 (1) no. 1 NCA, cultivation of/production of/trafficking in drugs as a member of a gang (sects. 30 (1) no. 1, 30a NCA), making available funds or other assets (sect. 29 (1) no. 13 NCA), advertising drugs (sect. 29 (1) no. 8 NCA), dispensing, administering, or making available drugs to minors (sect. 29a (1) no. 1; where appropriate sect. 30 (1) no. 2 NCA), negligently causing another´s death by handing over, etc. of drugs (sect. 30 (1) no. 3 NCA (even if this is an act leading to death or intending to cause death acc. to. ICCS-section 01, division 0109), unauthorized prescription and administration by physicians (sect. 29 (1) no. 6 NCA, and unauthorized trafficking, production of, dispensing, and possession of (not insignificant amounts) of drugs (sect. 29a (1) no. 2 NCA); excluded are data on offences directly aimed at procuring drugs or substitutes, such as robbery committed to obtain narcotics, simple theft of narcotics from pharmacies, doctors´ practices, hospitals, manufacturers and wholesale dealers, simple theft of prescription forms to procure narcotics and forgery committed to obtain narcotics. Data refer to those of the German annual drug report. - It is noted that a national correspondence table to the ICCS-section 06 has not been implemented in Germany up to now.

BG: The process of the ICCS introduction in statistical practice of the country was not completed yet. It is expected to undertake administrative steps for its completing in next months. Due to that reason data provided by the Police are not in full compliance.

EE: Misdemeanours and criminal offences.

EL: The data include the Drug Trafficking Offences provided by the four (4) Law Enforcement Authorities in Greece.

MT: Includes all drug-related offences as registered in the NPS.

RO: The revised data also include data on drug precursors, as well as data provided under the Law 194/2011 on combating operations with products likely to have psychoactive effects, other than those laid down in the legal acts in force.

SK: §§171,172.

AT*: From year 2008-2012 have used the definition for ICCS 06011(Unlawful possession, purchase, use, cultivation or production of controlled drugs for personal consumption), from 2013-2016 the definition correspond ICCS 0601.

BE*: From year 2008-2013 have used the definition for ICCS 06012 (Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption)from 2014-2018 the definition correspond ICCS 0601.

FR*: From year 2008-2015 data correspond with ICCS 06012 (Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption), from 2016-2017 the definition correspond ICCS 0601.

IE*: The all-time series data correspond with ICCS 06012 (Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption.)

UKC-L*: The all-time series data correspond with ICCS 06012 (Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption).

UKN*: The all-time series data correspond with ICCS 06012 (Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption).

BA*: Year 2016 break in series corresponds with ICCS 0601.

HR*: Break in series in 2013-2016 corresponds with ICCS 06012 (Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption).

LV*: Data for year 2016 compiled according to ICCS, therefore data is not comparable with previous years.

SK*: From year 2008-2012 have used the definition according to ICCS06012 (Unlawful trafficking, cultivation or production of controlled drugs or precursors not for personal consumption), from 2013-2016 the definition correspond ICCS 0601.

AT*: Attempts are also included.

PL*: In Polish legal system, it is not possible to separate drug offences related to personal or not personal consumption.

BA*: State Investigation and Protection Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Police of District Brcko and Police of Republika Srpska, Border police of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

 

 

 Comments by countries –Unlawful Acts Involving Controlled Drugs or Precursors 

 
3.5. Statistical unit

There are three different statistical units:

  • Offence: reported criminal act
  • Case: criminal trial, and other types of court hearings
  • People, depending on the stype of statistics: employees, victims, offenders, suspects, prosecuted, convicted, prisoners

For police data the statistical unit is offence.
3.6. Statistical population

For administrative data, the statistical population for each statistic is the complete register (all the relevant records). The group of individuals depends on the type of unit (see 3.5).

For people, all ages and nationalities are usually counted.
3.7. Reference area

European Union Member States, EFTA countries Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, EU Candidate countries Montenegro, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Turkey, Serbia, and the EU Potential Candidate countries Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo.

Certain territories are excluded and more details are provided in metadata attached to Crime and Criminal Justice (crim) databse section 10.6

 
3.8. Coverage - Time

The current tables are available  from 2008 onwards.
3.9. Base period

Publications 2008 – 2020 used 2008 as base year.


4. Unit of measure Top
  • Absolute number.
  • Rate by 100.000 population size.

Population size defined as resident population January 1st according to Eurostat database population figures.


5. Reference Period Top

Crime offences - the standard reference period is the calendar year.


6. Institutional Mandate Top
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

The 2004 Hague Programme November: Strengthening freedom, justice and security in the European Union.

The Hague Programme, OJ C 53 of 3.3.2005, p.11 at

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52005XG0303(01)

 

The 2009 Stockholm Programme: An open and secure Europe serving and protecting citizens.

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:115:SOM:EN:HTML
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

Not applicable.


7. Confidentiality Top
7.1. Confidentiality - policy

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

Not applicable.


8. Release policy Top
8.1. Release calendar

In general, data are released approximately 18 months after the reference year.
8.2. Release calendar access

Not applicable.
8.3. Release policy - user access

In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website (see item 10 - 'Accessibility and clarity') respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Eurostat protocol on impartial access to Eurostat data for users.


9. Frequency of dissemination Top

Annual.


10. Accessibility and clarity Top
10.1. Dissemination format - News release

Ad hoc news releases 1-2 times per year.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

"Crime and Criminal Justice" - Statistics Explained  published on June 2022

 Publication Crime section - http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/crime/publications
10.3. Dissemination format - online database

Tables are available on-line in Eurostat webpage  Crime Database  and are updated annually. 
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Not applicable.
10.5. Dissemination format - other

Statistics Explained articles.
10.6. Documentation on methodology

Each country determines the methodology and is responsible for its documentation and  which authority or statistical office that should collect, check, and send data and documentation.

Geographical coverage 
Methodological rules – Stage of data collection 
Methodological rules – Counting unit 
Methodological rules – Counting rule for multiple (serial) offences of the same type (Police)
Methodological rules – Counting rule for when an offence is committed by more than one person (Police)
Methodological rules – Use of Principal Offence Rule
Methodological rules – Counting of persons for multiple (serial) offences of the same type
Methodological rules – Counting the same person multiple times in the same year
Methodological rules – Adult and juvenile age thresholds

  • EU guidelines for the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes — 2017 edition  This booklet presents the structure of the ICCS, its classification principles and its relations to existing classifications, to facilitate the implementation of the ICCS. It provides a brief overview of concrete organizational and technical tasks for a successful implementation of the ICCS at the national level, which should engage all crime data users and data providers. In addition, an implementation strategy through the creation of a correspondence table, a tabulation of all offence categories in the ICCS linked to all offences on the national level, is briefly described.
  • Monitoring EU crime policies using the International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) This publication is the second in a series of Eurostat booklets to support the implementation of the ICCS, with the first booklet providing general remarks, a roadmap for the implementation as well as translations of ICCS category titles in all official EU languages. The overall purpose of this second booklet is to describe how the specific criminal offences defined in the legislation passed at EU level should be mapped to the ICCS. For these offences, a common approach towards the alignment with the ICCS needs to be developed, where possible, to ensure that all EU Member States treat these offences consistently when applying the ICCS at national level. 

Each country determines the methodology and is responsible for its documentation and determine which authority or statistical office that should collect, check, and send data and documentation.
10.7. Quality management - documentation

Not applicable.


11. Quality management Top
11.1. Quality assurance

Data are provided to Eurostat by a contact designated by each country. Notably, this contact can be another authority than the national statistical office. Each country determine its own procedures for gathering data from several different authorities (see metadata attached to Crime and Criminal Justice (crim) database point 10.6 ).
11.2. Quality management - assessment

No assessment has been made.


12. Relevance Top
12.1. Relevance - User Needs

The need to provide information on the development of crime in the European Union was recognised in the Hague Programme adopted by the European Council in 2004.

Some EU institutional users communicate statistical needs to Eurostat on a regular basis.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

No user satisfaction survey has been done .
12.3. Completeness

Data is missing for some countries, for some or all years, in nearly all tables, for all types of statistics.


13. Accuracy Top
13.1. Accuracy - overall

Principally, police statistics indicates the registration and handling of cases by police.

Relative to the administrative data used, the accuracy is largely unknown.

Relative to total crime occurrence, it is generally considered that administrative crime statistics is less accurate.
13.2. Sampling error

Not applicable - data are from administrative records.
13.3. Non-sampling error

Data from administrative records are likely to contain some random errors (mistakes) as well as systematic errors (bias).


14. Timeliness and punctuality Top
14.1. Timeliness

 Data for the reference year 2020 was published in June 2022.
14.2. Punctuality

No delay in 2022.  


15. Coherence and comparability Top
15.1. Comparability - geographical

Comparability is affected by many factors, such as differences in:

  • Legal system and criminal justice system
  • Legislation, criminal law and legal definitions
  • Organisation and efficiency of police, prosecution, courts and prisons
  • Recording stage, input-,  process- or output data
  • Recording system, reporting system, and production system
  • Relation between national crime definition and international statistical definition
  • Statistical unit and statistical population
  • Statistical definition, reference time, counting methods and calculation methods
  • Reporting rate for the crime
15.2. Comparability - over time

See the list of factors in 15.1. Changes in any of the factors can affect the comparability over time.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain

Not examined.
15.4. Coherence - internal

The internal coherence of the data is checked with basic validation rules (see section 18.4. Data validation). Figures for categories may not add up to the total, because information for some categories is missing.


16. Cost and Burden Top

Not estimated.


17. Data revision Top
17.1. Data revision - policy

Revisions to the data are possible at any time, but only based on new data received from national contact.
17.2. Data revision - practice

Revisions are incorporated into the database after being confirmed by national contact.


18. Statistical processing Top
18.1. Source data

Data source:police.

The source data type is records in administrative registers.
18.2. Frequency of data collection

Annual.
18.3. Data collection

Since their data requests largely overlap, Eurostat cooperates with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.  Eurostat forward the United Nations request (Survey on Crime Trends), with the addition of the European Union request, to EU Member States, EFTA Countries, EU Candidate Countries, and EU Potential Candidates. In each country, figures from different authorities are collected into one file. The files are sent to Eurostat by a common procedure, the electronic Data file Administration and Management Information System.
18.4. Data validation

The data are checked for completeness, internal consistency, and consistency over time and coherence with other relevant data sources. For internal consistency the following are checked:

- The sum of the subtotals (e.g. men and women) to the total.

- Large revisions (new figures for earlier years)

- Large variation between years

- Large change from previous to current reference year- Inconsistencies between data and metadata

Any issue revealed by the checking is pointed out to the national contact, by email. The national contact may either confirm the validity of data or send new data. No editing, estimation, imputation, weighting, seasonal adjustment, or other statistical modifications are carried out by Eurostat.
18.5. Data compilation

EU totals are not published in the database.
18.6. Adjustment

No adjustments are made.


19. Comment Top

None.


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top