Statistics Finland

Population and Social Statistics

jari.nieminen@stat.fi

Population and housing census 2010/2011 in Finland is conducted totally on the basis of register sources, without sending out questionnaires to the whole population. The first register-based census was completed in 1990. Since 1990 Statistics Finland has conducted censuses using only registers, administrative sources and other statistical databases.

The register-based population census system is built around a set of basic registers which contain comprehensive data on the units that are to be described in the population census. These registers include the data maintained by the Population Register Centre under the population information system and the Register of Buildings and Dwellings, as well as the data from the Business Register that is maintained by Statistics Finland. These registers cover all people resident in Finland, the buildings and dwellings in the country as well as all business companies and their establishments.

The key to the system lies in the identification systems of the different registers, which allow for accurate cross-linking of data. All statistical units can be linked to one another by means of the identification systems: persons can be linked to the dwelling and building where they live to form household-dwelling units and families, and to the employer for whom they are working. Similarly, all units can be located on the map using map coordinates.

In addition to the unit and attribute data contained in basic registers, the register-based population census system makes use of some 30 administrative registers which cover either the whole population or certain sub-populations. The most important among these sources are taxation register data (e.g. data on income, type of income, data on employer); register data from employment pension systems (e.g. data describing employment and employers); data from the Register of Job Applicants (e.g. data on unemployment); data from student registers; and register data from the Social Insurance Institution.

The population census data are produced using the method of register estimation, in which several register sources are used simultaneously to define for each statistical unit the value of the relevant variable. The decision rules are defined in such a way that the data they produce come as close as possible to the data collected by means of questionnaires. Data from earlier population censuses and register data from the same point of time are also consulted in constructing these rules. These include rules on prioritisation between different sources in the event of contradictory data.

ISCO-08, NACE Rev. 2, etc.

Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.
Persons usually resident in the place of enumeration but absent, or expected to be absent, at the time of the census for less than one year shall be considered as temporarily absent persons and thus included in the total unsually population. In contrast, persons living or expected to live outside the place of enumeration for one year or more shall not be considered temporarily absent and shall therefore be excluded from the total population. This is regardless of the length of visits that they may pay to their families from time to time.
Persons who are enumerated but do not meet the criteria for usual residence in the place of enumeration, i.e. do not live or do not expect to live in the place of enumeration for a continuous period of at least 12 months, are considered temporarily present and are therefore not counted in the total usually resident population.

The information about sex has been obtained from the Population Information System.

The age reached at the reference date (in completed years).

Marital status is the (legal) conjugal status of an individual in relation to the marriage laws of the country (de jure status).
A person shall be classified according to his/her most recently acquired legal marital status at the reference date.
'Registered partnerships' are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
In countries where the legislation includes provisions for married partners to be 'legally separated', such 'legally separated' persons are classified under 'married'.

The legal basis of marriage is based on the Marrige Act (234/1929; amendments up to 1226/2001 included) Part I - CONCLUSION AND DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE (411/1987, Section 1 (411/1987): A woman and man who have agreed to marry each other shall be considered engaged. Marriage shall be concluded by a marriage ceremony. Normally both must be at least 18 years old, but ministry of justice can give exceptional permission to marry if person or persons are underage.
The partnership of two persons of the same sex and over 18 years of age may be registered according to the Act on Registered Partnerships: 950/2001. Partnership shall be registered by the authority to perform civil marriage ceremonies. Partnership shall be registered by the way of the partners jointly signing the partnership document in the presence of the authority referred to in Section 4 (1) and the authority verifying the same with a counter signature.
Same-sex marriage and opposite- sex registered partnerships are not recognized by the Finnish legislation and the information on those are not available on any register.

The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children.
Child (son/daughter) refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of at least one of the parents, and who has no partner or own children in the same household. Foster children are not included. A son or daughter who lives with a spouse, with a registered partner, with a partner in a consensual union, or with one or more own children, is not considered to be a child. A child who alternates between two households (for instance if his or her parents are divorced) shall consider the one where he or she spends the majority of the time as his or her household. Where an equal amount of time is spent with both parents the household shall be the one where the child is found at the time on census night.
The term couple shall include married couples, couples in registered partnerships, and couples who live in a consensual union.
Registered partnerships are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
Two persons are considered to be partners in a 'consensual union' when they
— belong to the same household, and
— have a marriage-like relationship with each other, and
— are not married to or in a registered partnership with each other.
'Skip-generation households' (households consisting of a grandparent or grandparents and one or more grandchildren, but no parent of those grandchildren) are not included in the definition of a family.

Private households may be defined according to the 'household-dwelling' concept.
2. Household-dwelling concept
The household-dwelling concept considers all persons living in a housing unit to be members of the same household, such that there is one household per occupied housing unit. In the household dwelling concept, then, the number of occupied housing units and the number of households occupying them is equal, and the locations of the housing units and house­ holds are identical.
The category 'Persons living in a private household' comprises 'Persons in a family nucleus' and 'Persons not in a family nucleus'. The category 'Persons in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who belong to a private household that contains a family nucleus of which they are a member. 'Persons not in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who either belong to a non-family household or to a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household.
A non-family household can be a one-person household ('Living alone') or a multiperson household without any family nucleus. The category 'Not living alone' comprises persons that live either in a multiperson household without any family nucleus or in a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household. Persons who belong to a skip-generation household and who are not member of any family nucleus in that household shall be classified in the optional category 'Persons living in a household with relative(s)'.
The term 'son/daughter' is defined as the term 'child' in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'. 'Husband/wife couple' means a married opposite-sex couple.
'Registered partnership' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Legal marital status'. 'Consensual union' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'.
The category 'Partners' comprises 'Persons in a married couple', 'Partners in a registered partnership' and 'Partners in a consensual union'.
'Primary homeless persons' are persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters as defined in the technical specifications for the topic 'Type of living quarters'.

Current activity status' is the current relationship of a person to economic activity, based on a reference period of one week, which may be either a specified, recent, fixed, calendar week, or the last complete calendar week, or the last seven days prior to enumeration.
The 'currently economically active population' comprises all persons who fulfil the requirements for inclusion among the employed or the unemployed.
'Employed' persons comprise all persons aged 18 years or over who during the reference week:
(a) performed at least one hour of work for pay or profit, in cash or in kind, or
(b) were temporarily absent from a job in which they had already worked and to which they maintained a formal attachment, or from a self-employment activity.
The 'unemployed' comprise all persons aged 18 years or over who were:
(a) 'without work', that is, were not in wage employment or self-employment during the reference week; and
(b) 'currently available for work', that is, were available for wage employment or self-employment during the reference week and for two weeks after that; and
(c) 'seeking work', that is, had taken specific steps to seek wage employment or self-employment within four weeks ending with the reference week.
The category 'Currently not economically active' includes persons below the national minimum age for economic activity.
In ascribing a single activity status to each person, priority is given to the status of 'employed' in preference to 'unemployed', and to the status of 'unemployed' in preference to 'not economically active'.

The minimun age for employment is 18 because the data on employment for persons under 18 is not available in any register.

Occupation' refers to the type of work done in a job (that is the main tasks and duties of the work). Persons doing more than one job are allocated an occupation based on their main job, which is identified according to the time spent on the job or, if not available, to the income received.
The breakdown by occupation is available for persons aged 18 or over that were:
— employed during the reference week, or
— unemployed during the reference week, but have ever been in employment
Persons are classified according to the occupation they had during their most recent employment. The categories included in the breakdown 'occupation' correspond to the major groups of the ISCO-08 (COM) classification.
Persons under the age of 18 years, as well as persons aged 18 or over that were:
— not economically active during the reference week, or
— unemployed, never worked before (i.e. they have never been employed in their lives)
are classified under 'not applicable'.
The allocation of a person within the breakdowns of the topics 'Occupation', 'Industry' and 'Status in employment' is based on the same job.

The data on occupation for other than employed persons are not totally covered by registers and this is why it is not reliable
enough to be published.

Industry (branch of economic activity) is the kind of production or activity of the establishment (or similar unit) in which the job of a currently economically active person is located.
Persons doing more than one job shall be allocated an industry (branch of economic activity) based on their main job, which is to be identified according to the time spent on the job or (if not available) the income received.
The breakdown by industry is available for persons aged 18 or over that were:
— employed during the reference week, or
— unemployed during the reference week, but have ever been in employment
Persons are classified according to the industry they worked in during their most recent employment. The categories included in the breakdown 'industry' list the 21 sections of the NACE Rev. 2 classification and appropriate aggregates.
Persons under the age of 15 years, as well as persons aged 18 or over that were:
— not economically active during the reference week, or
— unemployed, and have never worked before (i.e. have never been employed in their lives)
are classified under 'not applicable'.
The allocation of a person within the breakdowns of the topics 'Occupation', 'Industry' and 'Status in employment' is based on the same job.

The data on industry for other than employed persons are not totally covered by registers and it is therefore not reliable
enough to be published.

An 'employee' is a person who works in a 'paid employment' job, that is a job where the explicit or implicit contract of employment gives the incumbent a basic remuneration, which is independent of the revenue of the unit for which he/she works.
An 'employer' is a person who, working on his or her own account or with a small number of partners, holds a 'self-employment' job and, in this capacity, on a continuous basis (including the reference week) has engaged one or more persons to work for him/her as 'employees'.
If a person is both employer and employee, he/she shall be allocated to only one group according to the time spent on the job or (if not available) the income received.
An 'own-account worker' is a person who, working on his/her own account or with one or a few partners, holds a 'self-employment job' and has not engaged, on a continuous basis (including the reference week), any 'employees'.
A 'contributing family worker' is a person who
— holds a 'self-employment’ job in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person, living in the same household, and
— cannot be regarded as a partner (that is an employer or own-account worker) because the degree of commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of working time or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment.
A 'member of a producers' cooperative' is a person who holds a 'self-employment' job in an establishment organised as a coop­ erative, in which each member takes part on an equal footing with other members in determining the organisation of production, sales and/or other work, the investments and the distribution of the proceeds among the members.

The location of the place of work is the geographical area in which a currently employed person does his/her job.
The place of work of those mostly working at home is the same as their usual residence. The term 'working' refers to work done as an 'employed person' as defined under the topic 'Current activity status'. 'Mostly' working at home means that the person spends all or most of the time working at home, and less, or no, time in a place of work other than at home.

'Educational attainment' refers to the highest level successfully completed in the educational system of the country where the education was received. All education which is relevant to the completion of a level is taken into account even if this was provided outside schools and universities.
Persons aged 15 years or over are classified under only one of the categories according to their educational attainment (highest completed level). Persons under the age of 15 years are classified under 'not applicable'.

A locality is defined as a distinct population cluster, that is an area defined by population living in neighbouring or contiguous buildings. Such buildings may either:
(a) form a continuous built-up area with a clearly recognisable street formation; or
(b) though not part of such a built-up area, comprise a group of buildings to which a locally recognised place name is uniquely attached; or
(c) though not meeting either of the above two criteria, constitute a group of buildings, none of which is separated from its nearest neighbour by more than 200 metres.

Place of birth is defined as the place of usual residence of the mother at the time of the birth, or, if not available, as the place in which the birth took place.
Information on the country of birth is based on the international boundaries existing on 1 January 2011. 'EU Member State', in particular, means a country that is a member of the European Union on 1 January 2011. The list of countries in the breakdown 'country/place of birth' serves only for statistical purposes.
For reporting countries that are EU Member States, the sub-category under the category 'other EU Member State' that refers to their Member State does not apply. For reporting countries that are not EU Member States, the category 'Other EU Member State' shall be read as 'EU Member State'.
The category 'Information not classifiable according to current borders' covers those persons whose country of birth existed at the time of the birth, but no longer exists at the time of the census, and who cannot be allocated uniquely to one country existing at the time of the census, i.e. according to current borders.
The category 'outside any country' covers persons for whom the usual residence of the mother at the time of the birth is not known and who where born outside the borders of any country, for example at sea or in the air.

Citizenship is defined as the particular legal bond between an individual and his/her State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, option, marriage or other means according to the national legislation.
A person with two or more citizenships is allocated to only one country of citizenship, to be determined in the following order of precedence:
1. reporting country; or
2. if the person does not have the citizenship of the reporting country: other EU Member State; 3. if the person does not have the citizenship of another EU Member State: other country outside the European Union.
'EU Member State' means a country that is a member of the European Union on 1 January 2011. The list of countries in the breakdown 'Country of citizenship' shall only apply for statistical purposes.
For reporting countries that are EU Member States, the sub-category of the category 'citizenship not of reporting country, but other EU Member State' that refers to their Member State does not apply. For reporting countries that are not EU Member States, the category 'citizenship not of reporting country, but other EU Member State' shall be changed to 'citizenship of an EU Member State'.
Persons who are neither citizens of any country nor stateless and who have some but not all of the rights and duties associated with citizenship shall be classified under 'recognised non-citizens'.

The year of arrival is the calendar year in which a person most recently established usual residence in the country. The data for 2011 refer to the time span between 1 January 2011 and the reference date.

This indicates the relationship between the current place of usual residence and the place of usual residence one year prior to the census. Children under one year of age are classified under 'Not applicable'.
For all persons that have changed their usual residence more than once within the year prior to the reference date, the previous place of usual residence is the last usual residence from which they moved to their current place of usual residence.

The topic 'Housing arrangements' covers the whole population and refers to the type of housing in which a person usually resides at the time of the census. This covers all persons who are usual residents in different types of living quarters, or who do not have a usual residence and stay temporarily in some type of living quarters, or who are roofless, sleeping rough or in emergency shelters, when the census is taken.
Occupants are persons with their usual residence in the places listed in the respective category.
'Conventional dwellings' are structurally separate and independent premises at fixed locations which are designed for permanent human habitation and are, at the reference date, either used as a residence, or vacant, or reserved for seasonal or secondary use.
'Separate' means surrounded by walls and covered by a roof or ceiling so that one or more persons can isolate themselves. 'Independent' means having direct access from a street or a staircase, passage, gallery or grounds.
'Other housing units' are huts, cabins, shacks, shanties, caravans, houseboats, barns, mills, caves or any other shelter used for human habitation at the time of the census, irrespective if it was designed for human habitation.
'Collective living quarters' are premises which are designed for habitation by large groups of individuals or several households and which are used as the usual residence of at least one person at the time of the census.
'Occupied conventional dwellings', 'other housing units' and 'collective living quarters' together represent'‘living quarters'. Any 'living quarter' must be the usual residence of at least one person.
The sum of occupied conventional dwellings and other housing units represents 'housing units'.
The homeless (persons who are not usual residents in any living quarter category) can be persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters (primary homelessness) or persons moving frequently between temporary accommodation (secondary homelessness).

The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children.
Child (son/daughter) refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of at least one of the parents, and who has no partner or own children in the same household. Foster children are not included. A son or daughter who lives with a spouse, with a registered partner, with a partner in a consensual union, or with one or more own children, is not considered to be a child. A child who alternates between two households (for instance if his or her parents are divorced) shall consider the one where he or she spends the majority of the time as his or her household. Where an equal amount of time is spent with both parents the household shall be the one where the child is found at the time on census night.
The term couple shall include married couples, couples in registered partnerships, and couples who live in a consensual union.
Registered partnerships are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
Two persons are considered to be partners in a 'consensual union' when they
— belong to the same household, and
— have a marriage-like relationship with each other, and
— are not married to or in a registered partnership with each other.
'Skip-generation households' (households consisting of a grandparent or grandparents and one or more grandchildren, but no parent of those grandchildren) are not included in the definition of a family.

The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children.
Child (son/daughter) refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of at least one of the parents, and who has no partner or own children in the same household. Foster children are not included. A son or daughter who lives with a spouse, with a registered partner, with a partner in a consensual union, or with one or more own children, is not considered to be a child. A child who alternates between two households (for instance if his or her parents are divorced) shall consider the one where he or she spends the majority of the time as his or her household. Where an equal amount of time is spent with both parents the household shall be the one where the child is found at the time on census night.
The term couple shall include married couples, couples in registered partnerships, and couples who live in a consensual union.
Registered partnerships are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
Two persons are considered to be partners in a 'consensual union' when they
— belong to the same household, and
— have a marriage-like relationship with each other, and
— are not married to or in a registered partnership with each other.
'Skip-generation households' (households consisting of a grandparent or grandparents and one or more grandchildren, but no parent of those grandchildren) are not included in the definition of a family.

Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept.
1. Housekeeping concept
According to the housekeeping concept, a private household is either:
(a) A one-person household, that is a person who lives alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multiperson household as defined below; or
(b) A multiperson household, that is a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. Members of the group may pool their incomes to a greater or lesser extent.
2. Household-dwelling concept
The household-dwelling concept considers all persons living in a housing unit to be members of the same household, such that there is one household per occupied housing unit. In the household dwelling concept, then, the number of occupied housing units and the number of households occupying them is equal, and the locations of the housing units and house­ holds are identical.
The category 'Persons living in a private household' comprises 'Persons in a family nucleus' and 'Persons not in a family nucleus'. The category 'Persons in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who belong to a private household that contains a family nucleus of which they are a member. 'Persons not in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who either belong to a non-family household or to a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household.
A non-family household can be a one-person household ('Living alone') or a multiperson household without any family nucleus. The category 'Not living alone' comprises persons that live either in a multiperson household without any family nucleus or in a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household. Persons who belong to a skip-generation household and who are not member of any family nucleus in that household shall be classified in the optional category 'Persons living in a household with relative(s)'.
The term 'son/daughter' is defined as the term 'child' in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'. 'Husband/wife couple' means a married opposite-sex couple.
'Registered partnership' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Legal marital status'. 'Consensual union' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'.
The category 'Partners' comprises 'Persons in a married couple', 'Partners in a registered partnership' and 'Partners in a consensual union'.
'Primary homeless persons' are persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters as defined in the technical specifications for the topic 'Type of living quarters'.

Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept.
1. Housekeeping concept
According to the housekeeping concept, a private household is either:
(a) A one-person household, that is a person who lives alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multiperson household as defined below; or
(b) A multiperson household, that is a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. Members of the group may pool their incomes to a greater or lesser extent.
2. Household-dwelling concept
The household-dwelling concept considers all persons living in a housing unit to be members of the same household, such that there is one household per occupied housing unit. In the household dwelling concept, then, the number of occupied housing units and the number of households occupying them is equal, and the locations of the housing units and house­ holds are identical.
The category 'Persons living in a private household' comprises 'Persons in a family nucleus' and 'Persons not in a family nucleus'. The category 'Persons in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who belong to a private household that contains a family nucleus of which they are a member. 'Persons not in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who either belong to a non-family household or to a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household.
A non-family household can be a one-person household ('Living alone') or a multiperson household without any family nucleus. The category 'Not living alone' comprises persons that live either in a multiperson household without any family nucleus or in a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household. Persons who belong to a skip-generation household and who are not member of any family nucleus in that household shall be classified in the optional category 'Persons living in a household with relative(s)'.
The term 'son/daughter' is defined as the term 'child' in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'. 'Husband/wife couple' means a married opposite-sex couple.
'Registered partnership' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Legal marital status'. 'Consensual union' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'.
The category 'Partners' comprises 'Persons in a married couple', 'Partners in a registered partnership' and 'Partners in a consensual union'.
'Primary homeless persons' are persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters as defined in the technical specifications for the topic 'Type of living quarters'.

The topic 'Tenure status of households' refers to the arrangements under which a private household occupies all or part of a housing unit.
Households that are in the process of paying off a mortgage on the housing unit in which they live or purchasing their housing unit over time under other financial arrangementsare classified under 'Households of which at least one member is the owner of the housing unit'.
Households of which at least one member is the owner of the housing unit and at least one member tenant of all or part of the housing unit are classified under category 'Households of which at least one member is the owner of the housing unit'.

'Conventional dwellings' are structurally separate and independent premises at fixed locations which are designed for permanent human habitation and are, at the reference date, either used as a residence, or vacant, or reserved for seasonal or secondary use.
'Separate' means surrounded by walls and covered by a roof or ceiling so that one or more persons can isolate themselves. 'Independent' means having direct access from a street or a staircase, passage, gallery or grounds.
'Other housing units' are huts, cabins, shacks, shanties, caravans, houseboats, barns, mills, caves or any other shelter used for human habitation at the time of the census, irrespective if it was designed for human habitation.
'Collective living quarters' are premises which are designed for habitation by large groups of individuals or several households and which are used as the usual residence of at least one person at the time of the census.
'Occupied conventional dwellings', 'other housing units' and 'collective living quarters' together represent'‘living quarters'. Any 'living quarter' must be the usual residence of at least one person.

'Occupied conventional dwellings' are conventional dwellings which are the usual residence of one or more persons at the time of the census. 'Unoccupied conventional dwellings' are conventional dwellings which are not the usual residence of any person at the time of the census.
Conventional dwellings with persons present but not included in the census are classified under the category 'Dwellings reserved for seasonal or secondary use'.

The topic 'Type of ownership' refers to the ownership of the dwelling and not to that of the land on which the dwelling stands.
'Owner-occupied dwellings' are those where at least one occupant of the dwelling owns parts or the whole of the dwelling. 'Cooperative ownership' refers to ownership within the framework of a housing cooperative.
'Rented dwellings' are those where at least one occupant pays a rent for the occupation of the dwelling, and where no occupant owns parts or the whole of the dwelling.

The number of occupants of a housing unit is the number of people for whom the housing unit is the usual residence.

Useful floor space is defined as the floor space measured inside the outer walls excluding non-habitable cellars and attics and, in multi-dwelling buildings, all common spaces; or the total floor space of rooms falling under the concept of 'room'.
A 'room' is defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof, of a size large enough to hold a bed for an adult (4 square metres at least) and at least 2 metres high over the major area of the ceiling.

A 'room' is defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof, of a size large enough to hold a bed for an adult (4 square metres at least) and at least 2 metres high over the major area of the ceiling.

The topic ‘Density standard’ relates the useful floor space in square metres or the number of rooms to the number of occupants, as specified under the topic 'Number of occupants'.
Data report on the density standard measured by the 'useful floor space', or, if not possible, by the 'number of rooms'.

The topic ‘Density standard’ relates the useful floor space in square metres or the number of rooms to the number of occupants, as specified under the topic 'Number of occupants'.
Data report on the density standard measured by the 'useful floor space', or, if not possible, by the 'number of rooms'.

Data on the facilities of dwellings and buildings are derived from the dwelling and building data of the Population Information System of the Population Register Centre.

Data on the facilities of dwellings and buildings are derived from the dwelling and building data of the Population Information System of the Population Register Centre.

A bathing facility is any facility designed to wash the whole body and includes shower facilities.

A housing unit is considered as centrally heated if heating is provided either from a community heating centre or from an installation built in the building or in the housing unit, established for heating purposes, without regard to the source of energy.

The topic 'Dwellings by type of building' refers to the number of dwellings in the building in which the dwelling is placed.

The topic 'Dwellings by period of construction' refers to the year when the building in which the dwelling is placed was completed.

The EU programme for the 2011 population and housing censuses include data on persons, private households, family nuclei, conventional dwellings and living quarters

Persons enumerated in the 2011 census are those who were usually resident in the territory of the reporting country at the census reference date. Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage

Data are available at different levels of geographical detail: national, NUTS2, NUTS3 and local administrative units (LAU2)

Data refer to the situation in the reporting country at the census reference date (see item 5)

Counts of statistical units

Common reminder of EU legislation

Statistics Finland

Not available.

Data Protection principles publiched as a part of Quality Guidelines for Offical Statstics 2nd Revised Edition,  ISBN 978–952–467–743–1, 2.2 Data Protection pages 37-44 :http://www.stat.fi/meta/qg_2ed_en.pdf

Confidentiality of the data collected: http://www.stat.fi/keruu/luottamuksellisuus_en.html

Data protection: http://www.stat.fi/meta/tietosuoja/index_en.html

Statistics Finland uses cell suppression for protection of sensitive information in Census Hub hypercubes. Program τ-Argus is used for finding suitable suppression patterns.

The rule to define sensitive cells is threshold 3.

Information in Census Hub hypercubes should be consistent with census tables already published on national level. In Finland, the national tables have been protected with cell suppression, or in some cases the breakdowns of explanatory variables are altered to reduce the amount of small cells.

Because of the consistency demand and the fact that a lot of 2010 Census tables have already been published on national level pre-tabular or perturbative disclosure control methods are out of the question. Since the breakdowns in Census Hub hypercubes are fixed, the only method left is cell suppression.

Data are made available 27 months after the end of the reference period (March 2014)

Links to Population census statistics and their latest release dates are found at census web site: http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/vl2010/tilastotietoa_en.html?view=list

Census 2010 uses the release policy of Official Statistics of Finland (OFS)

Release policy guidelines are published at the web site:

http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/svt/julkaisuperiaatteet_en.html

Data on population and housing censuses are disseminated every decade

News releases can be found at the Population census web pages:

http://www.stat.fi/tup/vl2010/index_en.html

Population structure: Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Population structure [e-publication].
ISSN=1797-5395. 2010. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 11.11.2013].
Access method: http://www.stat.fi/til/vaerak/2010/vaerak_2010_2011-03-18_tie_001_en.html.

Families: Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Families [e-publication].
ISSN=1798-3231. 2010. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 11.11.2013].
Access method: http://www.stat.fi/til/perh/2010/perh_2010_2011-05-27_tie_001_en.html.

Buildings and Free-time residences: Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Buildings and free-time residences [e-publication].
ISSN=1798-6796. 2011. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 11.11.2013].
Access method: http://www.stat.fi/til/rakke/2011/rakke_2011_2012-05-25_tie_001_en.html.

Dwellings and Housing conditions: Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Dwellings and housing conditions [e-publication].
ISSN=1798-6761. 2011. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 11.11.2013].
Access method: http://www.stat.fi/til/asas/2011/asas_2011_2012-05-22_tie_001_en.html.

Employment: Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Employment [e-publication].
ISSN=2323-6825. Profession and socio economic position 2010. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 11.11.2013].
Access method: http://tilastokeskus.fi/til/tyokay/2010/04/tyokay_2010_04_2012-11-23_tie_001_en.html.

Educational structure of population:Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Educational structure of population [e-publication].
ISSN=2242-2919. 2010. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 11.11.2013].
Access method: http://tilastokeskus.fi/til/vkour/2010/vkour_2010_2011-12-02_tie_001_en.html.

Statistical databases, Free of charge

• StatFin:http://pxweb2.stat.fi/database/StatFin/databasetree_en.asp
• INSPIRE data: http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/rajapintapalvelut/inspire_en.html

Chargeable:

• Population statistics Service: http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/vaestotilastopalvelu/index.html
• Regional net service: http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/kasit/index.html
• Postal area data: http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/posnro/index.html
• Grid data: http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/ruututietokanta/index.html

Microdata on census is available via Statistics Finland's researcher services offer for scientific studies and statistical surveys.

http://www.stat.fi/tup/mikroaineistot/aineistot_en.html

Grid data is available on "Paikkatietoikkuna" geoportal. Paikkatietoikkuna is a public and free website containing geographic information. http://www.paikkatietoikkuna.fi/web/en/map-window 

Charged special compilations are made according to the customer's needs as a single table, tables package, statistical report, statistical graphs or thematic maps:

More information on web page: http://www.stat.fi/tup/erityisselvitykset_en.html

Documentation of meatdata is available on the web site of each statistics "Description of statistics".

Population structure: http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/til/vaerak_en.html

Families: http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/til/perh_en.html

Buildings and Free-time residences: http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/til/rakke_en.html

Dwellings and Housing conditions:http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/til/asas_en.html

Employment: http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/til/tyokay_en.html

Educational structure of population: http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/til/vkour_en.html

Population structure: http://tilastokeskus.fi/til/vaerak/2010/vaerak_2010_2011-03-18_laa_001_en.html

Families:

Census 2010 statistical releases are a part of the Official Statistics of Finland.

Quality assurance from producers of Official Statistics of Finland availble at the OSF portal: http://tilastokeskus.fi/ajk/tiedotteet/2013/uutinen_002_2013-01-31_en.html

The quality and publication of Official Statistics of Finland are guided by the recommendations of the Advisory Board of Official Statistics of Finland.

OSF recommendations are available at the OSF portal:http://tilastokeskus.fi/meta/svt/svt-suositukset_en.html

An annual survey is made to estimate the coverage of the Population refgister's information. In 2010 98,3% of the permanent addresses registred in the Population Information System were correct according to the feasibility study. Available in Finnish at Population Register Centre's web site: http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=5847&site=3&id=691

Statistics Finland uses the same population as a frame for sample surveys, such as LFS. Studies are made to compare results in LFS and census.

Economic Commission for Europe, Conference of European Statisticians UNECE-Eurostat Expert Group Meeting on Censuses Using Registers
Geneva, 22-23 May 2012, Session 3:Availability, completeness and quality of data from registers and other sources
Use of Survey Data (LFS) to Evaluate the Quality of Register-based Census in Finland, WP 11.

Working Paper published on UNECE web pages: http://www.unece.org/stats/documents/2012.05.census1.html

Due to the register-based census method, a post-enumeration survey is not relevat approach to find out the coverage of the census. 

The census data disseminated by Eurostat are addressed to policy makers, researchers, media and the general public.

No user satisfaction surveys are carried out. User inquiries are handled by the Eurostat User Support service.

Depends on the availability of data transmitted by the National Statistical Institutes.

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

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There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

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There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

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There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

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There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

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There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

Population census data is total data.

Population structure has been released three months after the reference date on the 18th of March 2011. The last information (occupation) of the population census is released 23 months after the reference date on the 23th of November 2012. Census Hub hypercubes are available on the 31st of March 2014.

All census data is available on the coordinate level and can be aggregated using all regions (administrative or geographical) e.g. NUTS valid at 1st of Janyary 2011. One kilometer grids or 250m grids can be used. Also new areas can be generated using map data on EU (euref) coordinate system.
Data from previous censuses (1970 -2000) can be aggregated using the same  Euref coordinate system (from 1970 census).

Detailed describtion of Geospatial coding and referencing statistics in Finland is found at website: http://ggim.un.org/docs/meetings/UNSG_EG/ESA_STAT_AC.279_P7_UN-GGIM-Expertgroup_SF_MTL_.pdf

The most important variables are comparable over time. To ensure the comparability over time Statistics Finland has compiled a data warehouse on census data from which data can be aggregated using the latest versions of the classifications such as geography and education. Also industry and occupation are comparable between certain years at least at the highest level of classification.

Figures provided by the National Statistical Institutes in the framework of the 2011 Population and Housing Census may differ from those transmitted in other statistical domains due to the cross domain differences in definitions and methodologies used.  For additional information please see metadata specific to each domain.

Internal coherence is assured by regulations defining breakdowns and definitions of topics (Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009, Regulation (EU) No 519/2010, Regulation (EU) No 1151/2010)

The Population census data are drawn in Finland entirely from registers and administrative files since 1990. This has diminished the cost of the census significantly. The total costs of a conventional population census would be in Finland around EUR 50 million while the additional costs for one register census are around EUR one million. The use of register also diminishes the response burden of the population.

All statistics that are used to compile the census data are produced annually. So the cost of census can be estimarted using the total annual coast of those statistics in 2010. This would sum up to 920 000 euros. If we would count only those additonal cost of census the amout would be even less. The 2010 census project used 65000 euros on publishing (web pages) and international co-operation, such as EU census (Census Hub). Those relate to years 2010-2014.

There are not any revisions of the census data.

Registers and administrative data sets.

• The Population Information System of the Population Register Centre
• Registers of the Tax Administration
• Employment registers of the Finnish Centre for Pensions, the State Treasury and the Local Government Pensions Institution
• Statistics Finland's Register of Enterprises and Establishments
• Pension registers of the Social Insurance Institution and the Finnish Centre for Pensions
• The Ministry of Employment and the Economy’s Jobseeker Register
• Statistics Finland’s Register of Completed Education and Degrees
• Statistics Finland’s Student Register
• The Conscripts Register of the General Staff of the Armed Forces

Data collections (for enterprises)

• Business Register inquiry for government agencies  (http://www.stat.fi/keruu/yrv/index_en.html)
• Business Register inquiry for multi-establishment enterprises (http:///www.stat.fi/keruu/yru/index_en.html)
• Business Register inquiry for municipal groups (http://www.stat.fi/keruu/yrk/index_en.html)
• Business Register inquiry for new enterprises (http://www.stat.fi/keruu/yru/index_en.html)
• Business Register inquiry for single-establishment enterprises (http://www.stat.fi/keruu/yry/index_en.html)
• Data collection on local government personnel (http://www.stat.fi/keruu/kuht/index_en.html)
• Data collection on occupations (http://www.stat.fi/keruu/amm/index_en.html)
• Data collection on personnel of multi-establishment enterprises for employment statistics (http://www.stat.fi/keruu/tmyh/index_en.html)

• The Population Information System of the Population Register Centre
• Registers of the Tax Administration
• The Housing Finance and Development Centre of Finland, ARA

• The Population Information System of the Population Register Centre

• The Population Information System of the Population Register Centre

• The Population Information System of the Population Register Centre

Data on population and housing censuses are collected every decade, in a reference year that falls during the beginning of every decade.

Statistics Finland publishes data on census topics annually.

Data is collected from registers and other administravite sources or direct collection from multiple establishment enterprises and member corporations of municipalities. No direct collection is made from population.

Census uses the data from the annual data collections of Statistics Finland. All the data collection information is available at the web site: http://tilastokeskus.fi/keruu/index_en.html

Data is validated using consistency checks of classifications used in registers with the official classification.

Consistency of variables within sources and between sources are checked. Additional registers are used to edit variables with unsufficent quality.

Comparison (employment) is made with the LFS and other surveys. Raport on 2010/2011 census data compared with LFS is found at UNECE web pages: http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/ge.41/2012/use_of_register/WP_11_Finland.pdf

Capturing: All data collected in electronic format.
Coding. Only a few variables have to be coded. Occupation titles are coded mostly automatically using a database with contains the education, industry, status in employment, sector and former occupation of the person to conclude a proper occupation code.
Identifying variables. PersonID -code is a ubiquitious for uniquely identify persons in Finland. The Population Register Center has a register of population as well as buildings and dwellings. In the Population Information system (POIS) all permanently or temporarily resident as well as Finnish citizens has a unique person id. The information on the place of the usual residence is also updated in the POIS. Domicile code is used to identify of the place of usual residence of a person. Domicile code has the information on the building and co-ordinates are used to identify the geographical  area of residence and the place of work. Business ID ( Y-tunnus) and Establisment ID are used to idetify the place of work and to obtain information on the local unit from the Business register.
Record editing. Most of the data were edited, mainly using deterministic methods to prevent inconsistencies or using auxiliary data sources to provide the most likely value. Current activity status was estimated using so called register estimation method (http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/ge.41/2010/wp.12.e.pdf)
Record imputation. No records relating to persons, families, dwellings or households were imputed. Data was collected from POIS using the usual residence concept.
Record deletion. Records were deleted from the dwelling data collected from POIS when the building where the dwellings were located has been uninhabited for several years as well as considered not to be suitable for habitation any more.
Estimation. All statistics in the Finnish Census are counts of records.
Record linkage including identifying variable(s) used for the record linkage. All data relating to persons are linked trough the Person ID code (PIN). Data relating to dwellings were linked through the domicile code (Kotipaikkatunnus). Persons, dwellings and households were linked to location using the Building code, which is a part of the domicile code.
Generation of households and families: Linking persons to a household the domicile codes of "POIS" were used. Families were identified using the domicile code and the information on their relations (parent, child, spouse) collected from the POIS.