Economic accounts for agriculture (aact)

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Compiling agency: National Institute of Statistics

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1. Contact

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1.1. Contact organisation

National Institute of Statistics

1.2. Contact organisation unit

Department of Agriculture and Environmental Statistics

1.5. Contact mail address

Libertatii No.16, Zip code 050706, Bucharest-Romania

2. Metadata update

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2.1. Metadata last certified

06/03/2024

2.2. Metadata last posted

06/03/2024

2.3. Metadata last update

06/03/2024

3. Statistical presentation

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3.1. Data description

The Economic Accounts for Agriculture (EAA) provide detailed information on income from agricultural activity.

The methods are laid down in the Regulation (EC) 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

3.2. Classification system

The EAA are an integral part of the ESA. As such, they are compiled based on NACE Rev.2, the statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community. The list of activities which defines the agricultural industry corresponds, in principle, to Division 01 of that classification: Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities. However, some differences exist and they are detailed in Annex 1 of Regulation (EC) 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

3.2.1. Level of detail for compilation of EAA

See the detail below.

3.2.1.1. Components of the Production account : Output

See sheets 3.2.1.1.(a) to 3.2.1.1.(c) in the attached Excel file 'Annex 1 - Components of the Production account - Output' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

3.2.1.2. Components of the Production account : Intermediate consumption

See sheets 3.2.1.2 (a) to 3.2.1.2 (c) in the attached Excel file 'Annex 2 - Components of the Production account - Intermediate consumption' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

3.2.1.3. Components of the Generation of income account

See sheet 3.2.1.3 in the attached Excel file 'Annex 3 - Components of the Generation of income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

3.2.1.4. Components of the Entrepreneurial income account

See sheet 3.2.1.4 in the attached Excel file 'Annex 4 - Components of the Entrepreneurial income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

3.2.1.5. Components of the Capital account

See sheet 3.2.1.5 in the attached Excel file 'Annex 5 - Elements of the Capital account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

3.3. Coverage - sector

The sector covers all units involved in agricultural production, even if some of those units have more important economic activities or if the purpose of some others is not commercial. However, kitchen gardens (producing for own-consumption only) are not included.

The list of agricultural activities characteristic of the EAA corresponds to the seven groups of Division 01 of NACE Rev 2 activities (01.1 to 01.7), with the following caveats:

- the inclusion of the production of wine and olive oil (exclusively using grapes and olives grown by the same holding),

- the exclusion of certain activities which, in NACE Rev. 2, are considered as agricultural services (e.g. the operation of irrigation systems - only agricultural contract work is taken into account here).

3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions

A detailed methodology can be found in Annex I of Regulation (EC) 138/2004.

The EAA are satellite accounts of the European System of Accounts (ESA) providing complementary information and concepts adapted to the particular nature of the agricultural industry.

The EAA are shown as a sequence of inter-related accounts. As the EAA are based on the industry concept, the sequence of accounts is limited to the first accounts of the current account:

- the production account and

- the generation-of-income account

whose balancing items are value added and operating surplus, respectively.

Nevertheless, it should be possible to compile other accounts, at least in part, in so far as the relevant flows can be clearly attributed to them. The accounts in question are the following:

- the entrepreneurial income account (one of the current accounts) and

- the capital account (one of the accumulation accounts).

The EAA provide a wide range of indicators on the economic activities in the agricultural sector: these include output, intermediate consumption, gross and net value added, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), both in current prices and in constant prices, as well as compensation of employees, other taxes and subsidies on production, net operating surplus or net mixed income, property income and net entrepreneurial income in current prices.

Three indicators of the economic performance of agriculture are defined in the EAA:

•Indicator A: Index of the real income of factors in agricultural per annual work unit.
•Indicator B: Index of real net agricultural entrepreneurial income per unpaid annual work unit.
•Indicator C: Net entrepreneurial income of agriculture.

3.4.1. Components of the Production account : Output

Agricultural output is the total of agricultural products and the goods and services produced in inseparable non-agricultural secondary activities created during the accounting period. It is recorded as a resource in the production account and it is valued and recorded at the time it is generated, that is when produced and not when paid by the purchaser.

In the compilation of the EAA, output is progressively broken down in quantity terms (see paragraph 2.037 of Regulation (EC) 138/2004).

Output is valued at the basic price. The basic price is the price receivable by the producers from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced, minus any tax (i.e. taxes on products) payable on that unit plus any subsidy (i.e. subsidies on products) receivable on that unit. The basic price excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer. It also excludes holding gains and losses on financial and non-financial assets.

The valuation of output at the basic price makes it necessary to distinguish between taxes (other than VAT) on products and subsidies on products, on the one hand, and other taxes and subsidies on production, on the other.

3.4.2. Components of the Production account : Intermediate consumption

Intermediate consumption represents the value of all goods and services used as inputs in the production process, excluding fixed assets whose consumption is recorded as fixed capital consumption.

The inputs used for intermediate consumption should be valued at the purchaser prices for similar goods and services applicable at the time of their insertion in the production process. The purchaser price includes taxes less subsidies on products (but excluding deductible taxes like VAT on the products). It also includes any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place.

3.4.3. Components of the Generation of income account

In the case of the generation of income account, the distributive transactions relate to other taxes on production, other subsidies on production and the compensation of employees.

For details please see sheet 3.4.3 - Other questions in the attached Excel file 'Annex 3 - Components of the Generation of income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

3.4.4. Components of the Entrepreneurial income account

The entrepreneurial income account records certain types of property income (mainly land rents, interest and property income attributed to insurance policy holders).

For details please see sheet 3.4.4 - Other questions in the attached Excel file 'Annex 4 - Components of the Entrepreneurial income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

3.4.5. Elements of the Capital account

In addition to Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), the capital account records distributive transactions corresponding to aid for investment and other capital transfers.

3.5. Statistical unit

The overall unit is the agricultural sector. However, in order to provide more detailed information and to analyse flows generated by the production process and the use of goods and services, it is necessary to select units which emphasise relationships of a technical-economic kind. This means that, as a rule, institutional units must be broken-down into smaller and more homogeneous units with regard to the kind of production (local kind-of-activity units/local KAUs) are intended to meet this requirement (ESA 2010, 2.147).

The local KAU is defined as the part of a KAU which corresponds to a local unit. The institutional unit's information system must be capable of indicating or calculating for each local KAU at least the value of output, intermediate consumption, compensation of employees, the operating surplus and employment and gross fixed capital formation (ESA 2010, 2.148).

The agricultural holding, (the unit currently used for statistical studies of agriculture (censuses, surveys of the structure of agricultural holdings), is the local KAU most appropriate to the agricultural industry (even though certain other units, such as wine or olive oil cooperatives, or units performing contract work, etc., have to be included in it). Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that the variety of agricultural activities that can be performed on agricultural holdings makes them a special type of local KAU. The strict application of the ESA rule to units and their group should in fact result in a division of the agricultural holding into several separate local KAUs in cases where several activities of the NACE Rev. 2 four-digit class are performed on the same holding.

3.6. Statistical population

Although the ESA gives pre-eminence to local KAUs, the unit best suited to analyse the production process is the unit of homogeneous production (UHP). This unit is used to analyse inputs and outputs, since it corresponds exactly to a type of activity. Institutional units are thus divided into as many UHPs as there are activities (other than ancillary). By grouping these units of homogeneous production it is possible to break down the economy into 'pure' (homogeneous) branches. A UHP cannot, as a rule, be directly observed. Therefore, the accounts of homogeneous branches cannot be compiled on the basis of groups of UHPs. The ESA describes a method for compiling these accounts.

The use of the local KAU as the basic unit for the agricultural industry entails recording non-agricultural secondary activities where they cannot be distinguished from the main agricultural activity (inseparable non-agricultural secondary activities of local agricultural KAUs) The selection criterion for inseparable non-agricultural secondary activities is rather the type of activity than the nature of the product. For example, agro-tourism services provided by a farm must only be included if they cannot be separated from its agricultural activities.

3.7. Reference area

Romania

3.8. Coverage - Time

time series 1998-2022

3.9. Base period

precedent year

4. Unit of measure

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million lei, number in 1000 AWU

5. Reference Period

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calendar year 2020

6. Institutional Mandate

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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements

EU legislation:

Regulation (EC) No 138/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 December 2003 on the economic accounts for agriculture in the Community as amended

There is no national legislation for EAA.

6.1.1. Responsible institution for compilation of EAA and unit values of agricultural products

National Institute of Statistics

6.1.2. Responsible institution for compilation of Agricultural Income Index

National Institute of Statistics

6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

The EAA data obtained are sent to Eurostat; internally we disseminate data through the online database TEMPO.

7. Confidentiality

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7.1. Confidentiality - policy

The principle of data confidentiality is respected
Data is disseminated only in aggregate form.

7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

The principle of data confidentiality is respected
Data is disseminated only in aggregate form.

7.2.1. Confidentiality rules applied to microdata

The principle of data confidentiality is respected
Data is disseminated only in aggregate form.

7.2.2. Comments on the amount of data affected by embargo

8. Release policy

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8.1. Release calendar

According to the Annual National Statistical Program

8.2. Release calendar access

According to the Annual National Statistical Program

The calendar is publicly accessible, being included in Annual National Statistical Program, approved by Government decision.

Data are disseminated, yearly, in October.

8.3. Release policy - user access

According to the Annual National Statistical Program

9. Frequency of dissemination

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According to the Annual National Statistical Program

10. Accessibility and clarity

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10.1. Dissemination format - News release

Annually, according to the Annual National Statistical Program

10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

Some data are disseminated by different publication e.g. Statistical Yearbook, Romania in figures etc

10.3. Dissemination format - online database

Annually, according to the Annual National Statistical Program.

Data are also disseminated by data base TEMPO online.

http://10.2.69.135/tempoins/index.jsp?page=tempo3&lang=ro&ind=AGR208A#

10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Not applicable

10.5. Dissemination format - other

Not applicable

10.6. Documentation on methodology

10.6.1. Further methodological guidelines available at national level

METADATA - Activitate Statistică

http://80.96.186.4:81/metadata/viewStatisticalResearch.htm?locale=ro&researchId=37

10.7. Quality management - documentation

Through its activities, the NIS aimed at ensuring the development of mechanisms and instruments adapted to the performance of statistical activities according to priorities, to consolidate the structure and functionality of the National Statistical System, goodness its ability to meet the needs of users' statistical data and information.

Quality of National Statistical System; Quality Guidelines for Official Statistics.

11. Quality management

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11.1. Quality assurance

Quality of National Statistical System; Quality Guidelines for Official Statistics.

11.2. Quality management - assessment

Quality of National Statistical System; Quality Guidelines for Official Statistics.

12. Relevance

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12.1. Relevance - User Needs

The main users of economic accounts for agricultural data are: National Accounts, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development

12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

Data user satisfaction measures: accuracy, punctuality, clarity, comparability and accessibility.

12.3. Completeness

All statistics that we needed are available.

13. Accuracy

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13.1. Accuracy - overall

Not applicable to EAA compilation.

13.2. Sampling error

Not applicable to EAA compilation.

13.3. Non-sampling error

Not applicable to EAA compilation.

14. Timeliness and punctuality

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14.1. Timeliness

9 months

14.2. Punctuality

The data is provided on time.

15. Coherence and comparability

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15.1. Comparability - geographical

There are no differences between the national EAA and the EAA transmitted to Eurostat.

15.2. Comparability - over time

The time series are comparable.

15.3. Coherence - cross domain

15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics

The agricultural branch production is evaluated for all products based on the quantity and price statistics, except for the agricultural services for which we have value data.

15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts

There is interdependency between EAA and National Accounts (NA).

15.4. Coherence - internal

The statistics data set are consistent according to PSNA.

16. Cost and Burden

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Not applicable.

17. Data revision

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17.1. Data revision - policy

annual

17.2. Data revision - practice

https://insse.ro/cms/ro/content/politica-de-revizuire

17.2.1. Years where retropolations are carried out and (if they are not yet available) when they will be available

There were applied backward calculation for data series 2010 – 2018 as the National acconts revised the data.

17.2.2. Details of retropolation method used : items for which estimations are made and assumptions on which these estimations are based

Not applicable

18. Statistical processing

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18.1. Source data

18.1.1. Data sources used - Components of the Production account : Output

See sheet 18.1.1 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 1 - Components of the Production account - Output' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.1.2. Data sources used - Components of the Production account : Intermediate consumption

For detailed explanations on data sources used, please see remarks under concept 18.1.3.

18.1.3. Data sources used - Individual intermediate consumption items

See sheet 18.1.3 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 2 - Components of the Production account - Intermediate consumption' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.1.4. Data sources used - Components of the Generation of the income account

See sheet 18.1.4 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 3 - Components of the Generation of income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.1.5. Data sources used - Components of the Entrepreneurial income account

See sheet 18.1.5 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 4 - Components of the Entrepreneurial income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.1.6. Data sources used – Elements of the Capital account

See sheets 18.1.6 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 5 - Elements of the Capital account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.2. Frequency of data collection

18.2.1. Time of the year where the updates of the EAA are carried out

September

18.2.2. Years covered by each of these updates (i.e. update in September of year n for the years n-1, n-2, n-3 )

September of year n for the years n-1, n-2, n-3

18.3. Data collection

According to PSNA

18.4. Data validation

Statistical quality assessment criteria: relevance, comparability, coherence.
- Law no. 226/2009 regarding the organization and operation of official statistics in Romania
- Internal procedures
- Code of good practices of European statistics
- Quality guide for Romanian Official Statistics.

18.5. Data compilation

18.5.1. Calculation procedures

18.5.1.1. Components of the Production account - Output

See sheet 18.5.1.1 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 1 - Components of the Production account - Output' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

See also Excel file 'Annex 6 - Calculation methods output'.

18.5.1.2. Components of the Production account : Intermediate consumption

See sheet 18.5.1.2 (a) and 18.5.1.2 (b) of the attached Excel file 'Annex 2 - Components of the Production account - Intermediate consumption' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.1.3. Components of the Generation of income account

See sheet 18.5.1.3 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 3 - Components of the Generation of income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.1.4. Components of the Entrepreneurial income account

See sheet 18.5.1.4 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 4 - Components of the Entrepreneurial income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.1.5. Elements of the Capital account

See sheets 18.5.1.5 'Annex 5 - Elements of the Capital account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.2. Estimations

18.5.2.1. Components of the Production account : Output

See sheets 18.5.2.1 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 1 - Components of the Production account - Output' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.2.2. Components of the Production account : Intermediate consumption

See sheet 18.5.2.2 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 2 - Components of the Production account - Intermediate consumption' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.2.3. Components of the Generation of income account

See sheet 18.5.2.3 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 3 - Components of the Generation of income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.2.4. Components of the Entrepreneurial income account

See sheet 18.5.2.4 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 4 - Components of the Entrepreneurial income account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.2.5. Elements of the Capital account

See sheet 18.5.2.5 of the attached Excel file 'Annex 5 - Elements of the Capital account' in the section Annexes at the end of the file.

18.5.3. Numerical example

18.5.3.1. Components of the Production account : Output