Trips of EU residents - annual data (tour_dem)

National Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS)

Compiling agency: Statistics Netherlands


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Metadata update
3. Statistical presentation
4. Unit of measure
5. Reference Period
6. Institutional Mandate
7. Confidentiality
8. Release policy
9. Frequency of dissemination
10. Accessibility and clarity
11. Quality management
12. Relevance
13. Accuracy
14. Timeliness and punctuality
15. Coherence and comparability
16. Cost and Burden
17. Data revision
18. Statistical processing
19. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)
 



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1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

Statistics Netherlands
1.2. Contact organisation unit

Labour, income and quality of life statistics
1.5. Contact mail address

Statistics Netherlands

P.O. Box 4481

6401 CZ Heerlen

The Netherlands


2. Metadata update Top
2.1. Metadata last certified 11/07/2023
2.2. Metadata last posted 15/04/2024
2.3. Metadata last update 15/04/2024


3. Statistical presentation Top
3.1. Data description

The CBS Holiday Survey is a continuous survey, which aims to provide information about the domestic and outbound holidays of residents of the Netherlands aged 15 years and older. Estimates of the number of holidays, participation, overnight stays, and expenses are provided for different holiday characteristics including destination, season, means of transport, holiday duration, accommodation, booking characteristics, and travel party. In addition, the survey examines reasons for non-participation each year. The survey also provides information about same-day visits of residents from age 15 years.
3.2. Classification system

Not applicable.
3.3. Coverage - sector

National tourism: domestic tourism and outbound tourism (trips made by residents of the reporting country).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
3.4.1 Statistical concepts and definitions

See Regulation 692/2011, Delegated Regulation 2019/1681 and Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics
3.4.2 Additional comments (e.g. country-specific deviations)
3.5. Statistical unit
3.5.1 Statistical unit 

Participation in tourism: the individual.
Tourism trips: the tourism trip with at least one overnight stay made by the individual.
Same-day visits: the same-day visit made by the individual.
3.5.2 Reporting unit Other
3.5.3 If other or additional comments, please specify

The reporting unit is a randomly selected individual from the statistical population of the survey.
3.6. Statistical population
3.6.1 Statistical population

Residents of the Netherlands (excluding the Caribbean islands) aged 15 years and older, excluding persons living in institutions.
3.6.2 Additional comments (e.g. deviating coverage in terms of age groups, multiple surveys with different subpopulation, inclusion of domestic same-day visits in years where this is not compulsory)

Reference date for sampling is January 1st.
3.7. Reference area

The entire territory of the Netherlands, excluding the Caribbean islands (Bonaire, St. Eustatius, and Saba).
3.8. Coverage - Time

Coverage - Time [data comparable since (YYYY)]

3.8.1 Participation in tourism (Year)

2022
3.8.2 Tourism trips (Year)

2022
3.8.3 Same-day visits (outbound) (Year)

2022
3.8.4 Same-day visits (domestic) (Year)

2022
3.8.5 Additional comments (e.g. longer series for subgroups)

As from 2021, Statistics Netherlands carries out all aspects of the holiday survey, including the data collection which was previously sourced out. The survey is now called CBS Holiday Survey (CBS Vakantieonderzoek, CVO).

 

The new survey is redesigned and differs from the previous series in the following respects:

-         The population includes individuals aged 15 years and older (this was 0 years and older).

-         Questionnaire redesign with integration of tourism trips and one-day visits in a single questionnaire.

-         For same-day visits this means that data collection is quarterly (was monthly in 2018-2020 and weekly in 2014-2017).

-         The sample is drawn directly on the Dutch population registry (Basisregistratie Personen, BRP) with a newly developed sampling design.

-         Redesign of the weighting model.

-         Reference period of calendar year (instead of holiday year) for tourism trips, participation and same-day visits.

-         Inclusion of holidays in the reference year on the basis of the last day of the holiday, rather than on the first day.

-         Trips are defined as a visit to family and friends when the respondents consider them as such. As a result, a trip with a stay at family can be a holiday with the purpose of visiting family or friends, or a family visit.

-         Modifications were made in the production process.

 

As a result of these changes in the design, one should be careful making inferences concerning the comparison of the results from 2021 with those from previous years. 

The variables composed from the 2021 questionnaire are similar to or equal to the variables used in 2017-2020.
3.9. Base period

Not applicable.


4. Unit of measure Top

Not applicable


5. Reference Period Top

2022


6. Institutional Mandate Top
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
6.1.1 European level

Regulation 692/2011

Regulation 1051/2011

Delegated Regulation 1681/2019
6.1.2 National level

The Statistics Netherlands act
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

Not applicable.


7. Confidentiality Top
7.1. Confidentiality - policy

The task of Statistics Netherlands is to carry out statistical research for practice, policy and research purposes and to publish the statistics compiled on the basis of such research. Statistics Netherlands is fully independent in terms of its statistical operations with respect to methodology and publications. Independence was granted by the Royal Act of 1899 and reconfirmed by law in 1996 and 2003. Confidentiality is guaranteed. Individual data are never published without consent. Section 37 of the Statistics Netherlands Act states: “The data (..) shall be used solely for statistical purposes. The data (..) shall only be published in such a way that no recognisable data can be derived from them about an individual person, household, company or institution, unless (..) there are good reasons to assume that the company or institution concerned will not have any objections to the publication.” 
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

 

  • The National Statistics Institute takes all the necessary logical, physical and administrative measures to ensure the data protection in all the stages of the statistical process.
  • Microdata files provided to users are anonymized by excluding identification information and by aggregating categories of certain variables to prevent indirect identification.
  • Only aggregated data are published. The results tables published are analysed to avoid that private information could be deduced from them.
  • Personal background information that could identify individual respondents is stored and processed separately from the data.
  • Statistical data processing is performed by staff trained to respect the principle of confidentiality.


8. Release policy Top
8.1. Release calendar

Within 6 months after data collection is completed, estemates are published on Statline, the database of Statistics Netherlands.

Information on holidays can be fount under the theme: Leisure and Culture --> Tourism.
8.2. Release calendar access

See the Publication Calendar of Statistics Netherlands.
8.3. Release policy - user access

Statistics Netherlands disseminates information about the holidays of Dutch residents in the Statline database within 6 months after data collection is completed.

The information can be accessed as tables but is also made available via a data portal. Both can be accessed freely without cost.

There is no formal notification as to when new data are published excactly.

When new estimates are published, these are considered preliminary until the estimates of the following year appear on Statline.

General information about Statistics Netherlads' publication policy can be found here.


9. Frequency of dissemination Top

Annually.


10. Accessibility and clarity Top
10.1. Dissemination format - News release

News releases on the Dutch Holiday Survey are published on the website of Statistics Netherlands here.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

Data from the Dutch Holiday Survey will be used for the tourism dashboard of NBTC, the Netherlands Board of Tourism & Conventions.

Click here for the link.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database

Data from the Dutch Holiday Survey can be foundin the Statline database under the theme 'Leisure and culture' - 'Tourism', in the form of tables and open data.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Microdata is made available through a remote access facility to external parties under strict conditions, see the page 'Microdata: Conducting your own research' page on the Statistics Netherlands web site.
10.5. Dissemination format - other

Statistics Netherlands offers Additional Statistical Research (ASR) services to public and private organisations under certain conditions.

This service entails additional analysis on the microdata to obtain information that is not available in the Statline database.

For more information, see the Additional Statistical Research page on the Statistics Netherlands website.

The results ASR requests are always published on the Statistics Netherlands website, see here.
10.6. Documentation on methodology

Information on Statistics Netherlands holiday survey is available on the website here (in Dutch).
10.7. Quality management - documentation

The quality of the survey is monitored constantly and improvements are made where possible.


11. Quality management Top
11.1. Quality assurance

Statistics Netherlands has set up a quality management system to assure the quality of statistical information.

 

In addition, Quality Guidelines have been drawn up to guide the statistical processes of Statistics Netherlands. The guidelines form the basis for audits and self-assessments of statistical processes. The report may also serve as input for redesign processes of statistics. The Quality Guidelines integrates international and national frameworks as well as Statistics Netherlands’ guidelines and Board resolutions.

 

The Checklist Quality of Statistical Output describes nineteen characteristics of statistical output. Each characteristic – also called dimension – is elaborated according to a certain structure starting with the definition of the characteristic. For each characteristic possible indicators and measures are formulated and summarized as a checklist in an annex. This report has several purposes. Seven purposes of the report are identified like serve as a knowledge base while making an agreement with customers about quality of statistical output. The report does not contain guidelines for the CBS organization and has no mandatory character, although it can serve as a starting point for developing guidelines.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
11.2.1 Main strengths

- Large sample size.

- Participants complete quarterly questionnaires to reduce memory effects.

- Data is collected from the same respondents throughout the year.

- Missing data are imputed using automised imputation methods which lead to accurate estimates.

- Overall data quality is good.

- All requirements of the Regulation 692/2011 are taken into consideration.

- The production process is completely automated.
11.2.2 Main weaknesses

- The webquestionnaire is not optimised for smartphones yet.

- Attrition throughout the year is high for new panel members.

- It is problematic to publish low-regional statistics.

- The questionnaire is offered to potential respondents only in Dutch.

- Respondents can only use web as a mode to respond.
11.2.3 Quality improvements compared with previous reference year

The quesstionnaire was made more easy to fill in by the respondent and more eailys managable by the statistical officers working with the questionnaire.


12. Relevance Top
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
12.1.1 European level

See: Regulation 692/2011
12.1.2 Main users on a national level

Relevance of the tourism statistics has always been high: the data is used by media, policymakers, students, tourism organisations and researchers for analysing travel patterns of the Dutch population.

Data from the Dutch holiday statistics are also used by other departments Statistics Netherlands for the production of statistics, such as National Accounts, Tourism Accounts, the National Household Budget Survey, Mobility Survey, and International Trade in Services.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

No direct measurements of user satisfaction are carried out.

Nevertheless, we are aware that users would like to have more information on smaller regional units such as municipalities and COROP areas in the Netherlands.
12.3. Completeness
12.3.1 Completeness

Data delivery is compliant with the requirements of Regulation on tourism statistics 692/2011, Delegated Regulation 2019/1681, as well as recommendations laid down in the Methodological Manual for tourism statistics.

 

There is a demand for statistics on specific countries and regions in the Netherlands. It is often not possible to answer to this demand because the number of observations for smaller regions and less popular holiday destinations are too low. 
12.3.2 If not, please specify why and list deviations from Reg.


13. Accuracy Top
13.1. Accuracy - overall

The main source of the estimation errors are sampling errors, non-response errors and measurement errors. 

The problem of unit non-response and attrition is considerable, since only a small percentage of people who are sampled complete the four questionnaires (below 10%). This can be problematic for weighting in subgroups with low response rates.

Significant item non-response appears for variables referring to holiday expenses. For dealing with item non-response, imputation methods are used.

Measurement errors can arise from respondents: not understanding the questions, not knowing the answer, typos, and/or hesitance to share information as regards more personal or sensitive issues. Measurement errors are not formally calculated in this survey.
13.2. Sampling error

13.2.1 Sampling errors - indicators

Information on Sampling errors may also be provided in the attached file.  Estimated value Coefficient of variation
13.2.1.1 Participation in tourism for personal purposes: number of residents, aged 15 or over, having made at least 1 trip of at least 1 overnight stay (all age groups)

 

 
13.2.1.2 Participation in tourism for personal purposes: number of residents, aged 65 or over, having made at least 1 trip of at least 1 overnight stay
13.2.1.3 Tourism trips - Total number of trips
13.2.1.4 Domestic trips
13.2.1.5 Outbound trips
13.2.1.6 Private/Personal trips
13.2.1.7 Professional/business trips
13.2.1.8 Domestic trips spent at rented accommodation
13.2.1.9 Domestic trips spent at non-rented accommodation
13.2.1.10 Tourism trips - Total expenditure excluding durables and valuable goods
13.2.1.11 Expenditure on accommodation


13.2.2 Additional comments on sampling error





 



Annexes:
NL_2022_Estimated values and coefficients of variation
13.3. Non-sampling error

13.3.1 Coverage errors

13.3.1.1 Over-coverage

The population register that Statistics Netherlands uses for sampling is updated monthly.

This means that changes in the population up to a month before the sampling data have not been processed.

This may lead to small over-coverage (as well as under-coverage).
13.3.1.2 Under-coverage

The population register that Statistics Netherlands uses for sampling is updated monthly.

This means that changes in the population up to a month before the sampling data have not been processed.

This may lead to small under-coverage (as well as over-coverage). 


13.3.2 Unit non-response for TRIPS dataset

  Unit non-response
13.3.2.1 Number of ineligible units/ elements

Q1   54 

Q2   8 

Q3   21 

Q4   24 

TOTAL   107
13.3.2.2 Number of eligible units/elements

Q1   125681 

Q2   37314 

Q3   22968 

Q4   17150 
13.3.2.3 Number of non-contacts

Q1   593

Q2   10512

Q3   27

Q4   8

TOTAL   666
13.3.2.4 Number of refusals

Q1   791

Q2   141

Q3   154

Q4   133

TOTAL   1219
13.3.2.5 Number of rejected questionnaires

Q1   n/a

Q2   n/a

Q3   n/a

Q4   15

TOTAL   15
13.3.2.6 Number of other types of non-response

Q1   76500

Q2   14146 

Q3   5613 

Q4   2901 

TOTAL   99160
13.3.2.7 Total non-response (= sum of 13.3.2.3 to 13.3.2.6)

Q1   77884

Q2   14325 

Q3   5794 

Q4   3057

TOTAL   101060


13.3.3 Unit non-response rate

13.3.3.1 Unit non-response rate for TRIPS dataset (= 13.3.2.7 divided by 13.3.2.2)

Q1: 62,0%

Q2: 38,4%

Q3: 25,2%

Q4: 17,8%

Overall: 80,4%
13.3.3.2 Unit non-response rate for PARTIC dataset

See 13.3.3.1
13.3.3.3 Unit non-response rate for SDVOUT dataset

See 13.3.3.1
13.3.3.4 Methods used for dealing with/minimising unit non-response

- multiple reminders for each measurement, both by e-mail and by regular mail

- raffle of a number of ipads


13.3.4 Item non-response

13.3.4.1 Item non-response

Not available
13.3.4.2 Methods used for dealing with/minimising item non-response

- mandatory questions in the questionnaire.

- imputation of missing values.

- inferring the correct answer to a question from the answer(s) to other questions.


13.3.5 Additional comments on non-sampling error 

In the first quarter of 2022, in addition to contacting respondens from 2021 tot participate in 2022, a fresh sample was drawn to be able to obtain the required response.

In the calculations of section 3.3, the non-response figures from both groups were taken together.

Obviously, the response from the re-contacted group was much higher.


(in case of second survey please briefly describe 13.3.1-13.3.4 here)



Annexes:
13.3.2 Unit non-response for TRIPS dataset


14. Timeliness and punctuality Top
14.1. Timeliness
14.1.1 Participation in tourism

193 days 
14.1.2 Tourism trips

193 days
14.1.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

n/a (data not published)
14.2. Punctuality
14.2.1 Participation in tourism

The data were transmitted to Eurostat on 30-Jun-2023 (on time).
14.2.2 Tourism trips

The data were transmitted to Eurostat on 30-Jun-2023 (on time).
14.2.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

The data were transmitted to Eurostat on 29-Jun-2023 (-1 day).


15. Coherence and comparability Top
15.1. Comparability - geographical

Regions are well comparable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
15.2.1 Participation in tourism

Caution should be exercised when comparing the results from 2021 with those of previous years, because of the survey redesign in 2021. 
15.2.2 Tourism trips

See 15.2.1.
15.2.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

See 15.2.1.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain

The survey data concerning nights spent by residents in domestic commercial accommodations is coherent with the results from the accommodation statistics.
15.4. Coherence - internal

Consistent.


16. Cost and Burden Top
Restricted from publication


17. Data revision Top
17.1. Data revision - policy

Preliminary tables are published initially on Statline, followed by definitive tables upon publication of the tables of the following year.
17.2. Data revision - practice

Corrections and additions are made when required as long as the statistics are preliminary.

After publication of the definite statistics, only major and structural errors are corrected.


18. Statistical processing Top
18.1. Source data

18.1.1. Source data

18.1.1.1 Source data

Survey
18.1.1.2 Name of data collection in national language

CBS Vakantie Onderzoek (CVO)
18.1.1.3 Name of data collection in English

Statistics Netherlands Holiday Survey
18.1.1.4 Survey vehicle Stand-alone survey
18.1.1.5 If "Embedded in another survey", please indicate which other survey. In case both options were ticked, please describe here separately the approach for PARTIC, TRIPS, SDVOUT


18.1.2. Population frame

18.1.2.1 Population frame Population register
18.1.2.2 Update of population frame Monthly
18.1.2.3 If other frequency or additional comments, please specify
18.1.2.4 Coverage errors of population frame

Negligible, see 13.3


18.1.3. Gross sample size (year, individuals)

18.1.3.1 Gross sample size for trips (= 13.3.2.1 + 13.3.2.2)

125735
18.1.3.2 Gross sample size for participation in tourism

Idem
18.1.3.3 Gross sample size for (outbound) same-day visits

Idem
18.1.3.4 Additional comments


18.1.4. Net sample size (year, individuals)

18.1.4.1 Net sample size for trips (= 13.3.2.2 – 13.3.2.7)

14093
18.1.4.2 Net sample size for participation in tourism

Idem
18.1.4.3 Net sample size for (outbound) same-day visits

Idem
18.1.4.4 Additional comments


18.1.5. Sampling design

18.1.5.1 Sampling design Systematic sampling
Random sampling
Two-stage sampling
18.1.5.2 If other or additional comments (also when more than one options is chosen in 18.1.5.1), please specify. Links to national methodology documentation can also be inserted here.

The sampling frame for the social statistics surveys is the Dutch Population Register, which is updated every month.

For the Holiday survey, two-stage sampling is used.

In the first stage systematic sampling was used, which due to the sample size resulted in inclusion of all Dutch municipalities (municipalities were self-selecting).

In the second stage, simple random sampling was used to select a number of individuals (aged 15 years and older) from each municipality in proportion to its population size. The number of individuals that was selected from each municipality depended on the number of inhabitants of this municipality.


18.1.6. Second survey or source

n/a
18.2. Frequency of data collection
18.2.1 Frequency of data collection Quarterly
18.2.2 Other frequency or additional comments
18.3. Data collection

18.3.1. Type of survey

Survey of individuals


18.3.2. Data collection methods

18.3.2.1 Data collection methods CAWI (computer-assisted web interview)
18.3.2.2 If other or additional comments, please specify. In case a combination of data collection methods is used, please give an indication of the importance of the different methods (in terms of number of respondents) 

The questionnaire could also be completed on a tablet or a smartphone.
18.3.2.3 Questionnaire in national language (Annex/Link)

CBS Vakantieonderzoek (CVO)
18.3.2.4 Questionnaire in English (Annex/Link)

Not available
18.3.2.5 Interviewer instructions in English (Annex/Link)

Not applicable


18.3.3. Proxy interviews

18.3.3.1 Proxy interviews Not applicable
18.3.3.2 If "Allowed" or "Only in exceptional cases", please indicate for which variables in particular proxy interviews were used (it not all questions); If 4. "Not applicable", please explain why.

 There were no proxy interviews


18.3.4. Average interview time (The average interview time is X minutes.)

18.3.4.1 Average interview time

Average interview time for all respondents per quarterly questionnaire

Q1: 8.7 min

Q2: 9.2 min

Q3: 9.8 min

Q4: 6.7 min

Total 8.7 min

All respondents for a quarterly questionnaire were used.

Average interview time is calculated for the whole questionnaire, which includes both questions on trips and same-day visits.

Cases with a different start and end date, and the 2,5% highest and 2,5% lowest values were excluded.

 

Average interview time for respondents that completed all four quarterly questionnaires

Q1: 10.0 min

Q2: 11.4 min

Q3: 12.5 min

Q4: 7.9 min

Total 10.4 min

Only respondents that completed all four quarterly questionnaires were used.

Average interview time is calculated for the whole questionnaire, which includes both questions on trips and same-day visits.

Cases with a different start and end date, and the 2,5% highest and 2,5% lowest values were excluded.
18.3.4.2 Average interview time for respondents that reported trips

Average interview time for respondents that completed all four quarterly questionnaires and who reported at least 1 trip in the questionnaire

Q1: 17.3 min

Q2: 16.7 min

Q3: 16.7 min

Q4: 13.8 min

Total 16.2 min

Only respondents that completed all four quarterly questionnaires and who reported at least 1 trip in the questionnaire at hand were used.

Average interview time is calculated for the whole questionnaire, which includes both questions on trips and same-day visits.

Cases with a different start and end date, and the 2,5% highest and 2,5% lowest values were excluded.


18.3.5 Second survey or source
18.4. Data validation
18.4.1 Data validation

The raw input data file is processed in a fully automated production process which delivers the files as requested by Eurostat. Our process contains the following steps:

- Records with implausible data are removed. If respondents deliver only implausible records, they are removed from the dataset.

- Duplicate trips are removed, and for trips that overlap one is chosen as the primary trip according to a fixed set of rules. The other trips are discarded. 

- Data editing: implausible and missing values are corrected according to a specified set of rules. 

- Imputations of missing or implausible values of variables that cannot be inferred from other questions is carried out using fixed set of rules.

- Recalculation of variables that are constructed from other variables (for instance total expenditure is recalculated after imputation of the individual expenditure categories).

- Construction of a data file that conforms to Eurostat specifications.

 

In addition, in the questionnaire an answer is obligatory for several key question. The questionnaire also contains built-in controls to check the consistency of answers.
18.4.2 Second survey or source (In case a second survey or source is used for collecting data on participation, trips or same-day visits, please briefly describe 18.4.1 here in relation to those surveys/sources)
18.5. Data compilation
18.5.1 Data compilation

Variables with item non-response are edited. Missing (and in some cases also inconsistent) data are estimated by using several imputation methods. The used approach underlies the assumption that the missing values are linked to other characters of the trip. Once the editing procedure is completed, the data is weighted using a model with the variables gender, age, degree of urbanisation, region, social status, possession of durable recreational goods.
18.5.2 Second survey or source (In case a second survey or source is used for collecting data on participation, trips or same-day visits, please briefly describe 18.5.1 here in relation to those surveys/sources)
18.6. Adjustment

Not applicable.


19. Comment Top

[Optional]


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top