Trips of EU residents - annual data (tour_dem)

National Reference Metadata in Euro SDMX Metadata Structure (ESMS)

Compiling agency: Statistical Service of Cyprus (CYSTAT)


Eurostat metadata
Reference metadata
1. Contact
2. Metadata update
3. Statistical presentation
4. Unit of measure
5. Reference Period
6. Institutional Mandate
7. Confidentiality
8. Release policy
9. Frequency of dissemination
10. Accessibility and clarity
11. Quality management
12. Relevance
13. Accuracy
14. Timeliness and punctuality
15. Coherence and comparability
16. Cost and Burden
17. Data revision
18. Statistical processing
19. Comment
Related Metadata
Annexes (including footnotes)
 



For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support

Download


1. Contact Top
1.1. Contact organisation

Statistical Service of Cyprus (CYSTAT)
1.2. Contact organisation unit

Demography, Social Statistics and Tourism
1.5. Contact mail address

Statistical Service of Cyprus

CY-1444

Nicosia

Cyprus


2. Metadata update Top
2.1. Metadata last certified 29/09/2023
2.2. Metadata last posted 29/09/2023
2.3. Metadata last update 11/04/2024


3. Statistical presentation Top
3.1. Data description

The survey provides information on the participation of residents of Cyprus aged 15+ in domestic and outbound trips. Data on the duration of trips, destination, purpose of the trip, main means of transport, main means of accommodation and expenditure are collected for each trip.
3.2. Classification system

Not applicable.
3.3. Coverage - sector

National tourism: domestic tourism and outbound tourism (trips made by residents of the reporting country).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
3.4.1 Statistical concepts and definitions

See Regulation 692/2011, Delegated Regulation 2019/1681 and Methodological Manual for Tourism Statistics
3.4.2 Additional comments (e.g. country-specific deviations)
3.5. Statistical unit
3.5.1 Statistical unit 

Participation in tourism: the individual.
Tourism trips: the tourism trip with at least one overnight stay made by the individual.
Same-day visits: the SDV made by the individual.
3.5.2 Reporting unit One person in the selected household (within the age scope)
3.5.3 If other or additional comments, please specify
3.6. Statistical population
3.6.1 Statistical population

Participation in tourism: All residents aged 15 or over.

Tourism trips: All tourism trips of at least one overnight stay made outside the usual environment by the residents aged 15 or over.

Same-day visits: All SDV made outside the usual environment by the residents aged 15 or over.
3.6.2 Additional comments (e.g. deviating coverage in terms of age groups, multiple surveys with different subpopulation, inclusion of domestic same-day visits in years where this is not compulsory)
3.7. Reference area

Government controlled areas of the Republic of Cyprus
3.8. Coverage - Time

Coverage - Time [data comparable since (YYYY)]

3.8.1 Participation in tourism (Year)

2012
3.8.2 Tourism trips (Year)

2012
3.8.3 Same-day visits (outbound) (Year)

2014
3.8.4 Same-day visits (domestic) (Year)

2018
3.8.5 Additional comments (e.g. longer series for subgroups)
3.9. Base period

Not applicable.


4. Unit of measure Top

Not applicable.


5. Reference Period Top

2022


6. Institutional Mandate Top
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
6.1.1 European level

Regulation 692/2011

Regulation 1051/2011

Delegated Regulation 2019/1681
6.1.2 National level

Article 3 of the national Official Statistics Law, No. 25(I) of 2021 defines the functions of the Statistical Service of Cyprus regarding the production and dissemination of official statistics. Moreover, Article 13, explicitly stipulates the mandate for data collection and introduces a mandatory response to statistical enquiries by stipulating the obligation of respondents to reply to surveys and provide the data required. This relates not only to national but also to European statistics which, by virtue of Article 8 of the said Law, are incorporated in the annual and multiannual programmes of work without any further procedure.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing

Not applicable.


7. Confidentiality Top
7.1. Confidentiality - policy

Official statistics are released in accordance to all confidentiality provisions of the following:

  • National Official Statistics Law No. 25(I) of 2021 (especially Article 16 on statistical confidentiality).
  • Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and its later amendments (especially Chapter 5 on statistical confidentiality).
  • European Statistics Code of Practice (especially Principle 5 on statistical confidentiality).
  • CYSTAT's Code of Practice for the Collection, Publication and Storage of Statistical Data.

 

Related links:

  • Official Statistics Law No. 25(I) of 2021:

https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/StaticPage?id=1074  

  • Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (consolidated text):

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02009R0223-20150608&qid=1504858409240&from=EN

European Statistics Code of Practice:

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-32-11-955

  • Guidelines for the Protection of Confidential Data:

 https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/StaticPage?id=1066
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment

- The treatment of confidential data is regulated by CYSTAT's Code of Practice for the Collection, Publication and Storage of Statistical Data.

  • Guidelines for the Protection of Confidential Data:

 https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/StaticPage?id=1066

 

- CYSTAT interviewers conducting the survey as well as other officials processing the data, take a confirmation on oath, that they shall not disclose information which comes to their knowledge during the performance of their tasks, while the obligation of keeping statistical confidentiality continues to exist even after the termination of their functions or of their contract.

- Only aggregated data are published. Micro data files sent to Eurostat are anonymised and they do not include any personal information that could identify an individual directly or indirectly.


8. Release policy Top
8.1. Release calendar

There are no scheduled release dates for the data. Once the data are available, they are uploaded on the CYSTAT database and an announcement is published accordingly in the release calendar.

(https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/AnnouncementList)

 
8.2. Release calendar access

Link to CYSTAT’s release calendar:

https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/AnnouncementList
8.3. Release policy - user access

According to the Dissemination and Pricing Policy of the Statistical Service of Cyprus (section 2.3) CYSTAT΄s main channel for dissemination of statistics is the web portal, which offers the same conditions to everyone and is updated at the same time every working day (12:00 noon). No privileged pre-released access is granted.

 

In addition to the annual release calendar, users are informed of the various statistical releases through the “Alert” service provided by CYSTAT.

  • Dissemination and Pricing Policy of the Statistical Service of Cyprus:

https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/StaticPage?id=1064


9. Frequency of dissemination Top

Annually


10. Accessibility and clarity Top
10.1. Dissemination format - News release

There are no regular or ad hoc press releases linked to the data.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications

The annual results are available on Eurostat database.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database

Not available
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access

Statistical micro-data from CYSTAT’s surveys are accessible for research purposes only and under strict provisions as described below:

 

Under the provisions of the Official Statistics Law, CYSTAT may release microdata for the sole use of scientific research. Applicants have to submit the request form "APPLICATION FOR DATA FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES" giving thorough information on the project for which micro-data are needed.

 

The application is evaluated by CYSTAT’s Confidentiality Committee and if the application is approved, a charge is fixed according to the volume and time consumed for preparation of the data. Micro-data may then be released after an anonymization process which ensures no direct identification of the statistical units but, at the same time, ensures usability of the data. The link for the application is attached below.

  • Link to the application for access to microdata on CYSTAT's website:

https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/DataRequestContactForm?fid=7
10.5. Dissemination format - other

Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology

Not yet available.
10.7. Quality management - documentation

Not yet available.


11. Quality management Top
11.1. Quality assurance

The quality of statistics in CYSTAT is managed in the framework of the European Statistics Code of Practice which sets the standards for developing, producing and disseminating European Statistics as well as the ESS Quality Assurance Framework (QAF). CYSTAT endorses the Quality Declaration of the European Statistical System. In addition, CYSTAT is guided by the requirements provided for in Article 11 of the Official Statistics Law No. 25(I) of 2021 as well as Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics, which sets out the quality criteria to be applied in the development, production and dissemination of European statistics.

 
11.2. Quality management - assessment
11.2.1 Main strengths

The use of Blaise software for data collection allows the use of validation and consistency checks during the interview.

Once the ASCII data are extracted from Blaise, they undergo additional consistency and validation checks as well as checks for outliers in SPSS software.

Call-backs are also randomly made to respondents for verification purposes.

Finally, a metadata/quality report containing information on data sources, methods used, sampling/ non-sampling errors, etc, is prepared.

Problems encountered are reported to senior management and actions aiming at improving the quality of the statistical product, taking into account possible trade-offs, are proposed and implemented.
11.2.2 Main weaknesses

It is not possible to cross-check the data obtained from the survey with data from other sources, in order to verify the truthfulness of respondents.

There are no additional measures that could be undertaken to eliminate memory lapse, other than restricting the reference period of taking a trip to the past 4 weeks and reminding respondents of public or other special holidays on which they could have taken a trip.
11.2.3 Quality improvements compared with previous reference year

-


12. Relevance Top
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
12.1.1 European level

See: Regulation 692/2011
12.1.2 Main users on a national level

Government departments/ministries, The Central Bank, the academic community and other researchers are the main users of these statistics on a national level. 

In addition, CYSTAT prepares a quarterly report with statistics on the access to its website which is an indirect way of monitoring users’ needs. The report on the website of the Statistical Service of Cyprus is communicated to Division Heads and discussed with the management. The analysis serves as an instrument in setting priorities and identifying actions to be included in the annual programme of work.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction

Since 2008 (with the exception of 2010, 2013 and 2020) CYSTAT carries out an annual online “Users Satisfaction Survey”. The results of the surveys are available on CYSTAT’s web portal at the link attached below.

 

Overall, there is a high level of satisfaction of the users of statistical data published by CYSTAT.

  • Results of CYSTAT’s User Satisfaction Surveys:

https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/StaticPage?id=1144
12.3. Completeness
12.3.1 Completeness

Compliant with the requirements of Regulation on tourism statistics 692/2011, Delegated Regulation 2019/1681, as well as recommendations laid down in the Methodological Manual for tourism statistics.

Data completeness - rate: 100%
12.3.2 If not, please specify why and list deviations from Reg.


13. Accuracy Top
13.1. Accuracy - overall

The main types of error encountered in the survey are the following:

1. Coverage error: The sampling frame currently used is the Census of Population 2011. During the intercensal period the frame is not updated. 

2. Non-response (unit and item): Efforts are made to reduce unit non-response by training interviewers to avoid refusals as much as possible. Item non-response is mainly observed for certain questions which are sensitive to respondents, such as expenditure questions. 

3. Recall bias: To eliminate recall bias, there is a recall period of 4 weeks for obtaining information on each trip.
13.2. Sampling error

13.2.1 Sampling errors - indicators

Information on Sampling errors may also be provided in the attached file.  Estimated value Coefficient of variation
13.2.1.1 Participation in tourism for personal purposes: number of residents, aged 15 or over, having made at least 1 trip of at least 1 overnight stay (all age groups)

446633

0.006
13.2.1.2 Participation in tourism for personal purposes: number of residents, aged 65 or over, having made at least 1 trip of at least 1 overnight stay

48021

0.018
13.2.1.3 Tourism trips - Total number of trips

2923769

0.014
13.2.1.4 Domestic trips

1689154

0.021
13.2.1.5 Outbound trips

1234615

0.041
13.2.1.6 Private/Personal trips

2730615

0.016
13.2.1.7 Professional/business trips

193154

0.110
13.2.1.8 Domestic trips spent at rented accommodation

821718

0.028
13.2.1.9 Domestic trips spent at non-rented accommodation

867436

0.038
13.2.1.10 Tourism trips - Total expenditure excluding durables and valuable goods

1660976040

0.048
13.2.1.11 Expenditure on accommodation

426074933

0.068


13.2.2 Additional comments on sampling error





 
13.3. Non-sampling error

13.3.1 Coverage errors

13.3.1.1 Over-coverage

0% (Result of the post-enumeration survey conducted for the Census of Population 2011)
13.3.1.2 Under-coverage

For the Trips dataset:

1,93% (Result of the post-enumeration survey conducted for the Census of Population 2011)

Under coverage: Residents who do not have a phone number or whose phone number was not reported in the Census of Population 2011 (sampling frame) were not included in the sample.


13.3.2 Unit non-response for TRIPS dataset

  Unit non-response
13.3.2.1 Number of ineligible units/ elements

Not available.
13.3.2.2 Number of eligible units/elements

36411
13.3.2.3 Number of non-contacts

12713
13.3.2.4 Number of refusals

1658
13.3.2.5 Number of rejected questionnaires

0
13.3.2.6 Number of other types of non-response

3848
13.3.2.7 Total non-response (= sum of 13.3.2.3 to 13.3.2.6)

18219


13.3.3 Unit non-response rate

13.3.3.1 Unit non-response rate for TRIPS dataset (= 13.3.2.7 divided by 13.3.2.2)

50.04%
13.3.3.2 Unit non-response rate for PARTIC dataset

22.51%
13.3.3.3 Unit non-response rate for SDVOUT dataset

50.04%
13.3.3.4 Methods used for dealing with/minimising unit non-response

Interviewers would make up to 7 phonecalls to each person in order to maximise their response. They were instructed to make calls at different times of the day in order to be able to find the subject at his/her most convenient time and day.


13.3.4 Item non-response

13.3.4.1 Item non-response

The variables: expenditure on transport, expenditure on accommodation and expenditure on food & drinks have non-response rates less than 1%.
13.3.4.2 Methods used for dealing with/minimising item non-response

Respondents are assured that information collected for expenditure variables (as well as all information collected for the survey) are treated as strictly confidential and will only be used in aggregated form for statistical purposes.


13.3.5 Additional comments on non-sampling error 

Since the data are collected through telephone interviews, there are some cases when respondents tend to give quick answers, not taking enough time to recall on all the required information carefully.

The sampling frame for the Trips dataset is based on the Census of Population of 2011. Since the telephone numbers in the sampling frame are not updated, some telephone numbers are outdated and cannot be used.


(in case of second survey please briefly describe 13.3.1-13.3.4 here)


14. Timeliness and punctuality Top
14.1. Timeliness
14.1.1 Participation in tourism

181
14.1.2 Tourism trips

181
14.1.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

181
14.2. Punctuality
14.2.1 Participation in tourism

0
14.2.2 Tourism trips

0
14.2.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

0


15. Coherence and comparability Top
15.1. Comparability - geographical

No regional statistics are produced for Cyprus. The collection of data is conducted at national level.
15.2. Comparability - over time
15.2.1 Participation in tourism

See 3.8.1

Comparable time series for participation in tourism are available from the year 2012.
15.2.2 Tourism trips

See 3.8.2

Comparable time series for tourism trips are available from the year 2012.
15.2.3 Same-day visits (outbound)

Comparable time series for same-day outbound visits are available from the year 2014.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain

In the micro-data file, the number of trips abroad was weighted according to the results of the Passengers Survey conducted by the Statistical Service. Domestic trips were weighted according to information obtained from the Deputy Ministry of Tourism. The results presented in the micro-data file are therefore reconciled with other sources available.
15.4. Coherence - internal

Not applicable.


16. Cost and Burden Top

Cost and burden are not systematically collected.


17. Data revision Top
17.1. Data revision - policy

A data revision policy is in place at CYSTAT. It is published on CYSTAT’s web portal, at the following link:

https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/StaticPage?id=1072

 

CYSTAT also publishes a list of scheduled revisions (regular or major revisions), also published on its web portal, at the following link:

https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/AnnouncementList
17.2. Data revision - practice

 No revisions on tourism demand side data were made up to the present.


18. Statistical processing Top
18.1. Source data

18.1.1. Source data

18.1.1.1 Source data

Survey on the Trips of Residents
18.1.1.2 Name of data collection in national language

Έρευνα για τα Ταξίδια Κατοίκων Κύπρου 2022
18.1.1.3 Name of data collection in English

Survey on the Trips of Residents 2022
18.1.1.4 Survey vehicle Stand-alone survey
18.1.1.5 If "Embedded in another survey", please indicate which other survey. In case both options were ticked, please describe here separately the approach for PARTIC, TRIPS, SDVOUT

For PARTIC data:

Stand-alone survey: "Έρευνα για τα Ταξίδια Κατοίκων Κύπρου 2023"/ "Survey on the Trips of Residents 2023"


18.1.2. Population frame

18.1.2.1 Population frame Population census
18.1.2.2 Update of population frame Other frequency
18.1.2.3 If other frequency or additional comments, please specify

Every 10 years
18.1.2.4 Coverage errors of population frame

Information on the post-enumeration survey, of which the main objective was to determine the degree of coverage of the number of persons enumerated in the Census, can be found at https://www.cystat.gov.cy/en/QualityReport?id=2411

 

The overall under-coverage was estimated at 1.93%. The main reasons for under-coverage were: 

- Difficulties in locating persons/persons deliberately avoiding the enumerator

- Interviewer errors

- Movements from one house to another during the Census period

- Residents temporarily away during the Census period

- Occupied dwellings classified as unoccupied


18.1.3. Gross sample size (year, individuals)

18.1.3.1 Gross sample size for trips (= 13.3.2.1 + 13.3.2.2)

36411
18.1.3.2 Gross sample size for participation in tourism

25331
18.1.3.3 Gross sample size for (outbound) same-day visits

36411
18.1.3.4 Additional comments


18.1.4. Net sample size (year, individuals)

18.1.4.1 Net sample size for trips (= 13.3.2.2 – 13.3.2.7)

18192
18.1.4.2 Net sample size for participation in tourism

19629
18.1.4.3 Net sample size for (outbound) same-day visits

18192
18.1.4.4 Additional comments


18.1.5. Sampling design

18.1.5.1 Sampling design Stratified sampling
Random sampling
18.1.5.2 If other or additional comments (also when more than one options is chosen in 18.1.5.1), please specify. Links to national methodology documentation can also be inserted here.

The sample was stratified based on the 9 geographical areas of Cyprus (4 urban and 5 rural). Within each stratum, a simple random sample was selected.


18.1.6. Second survey or source

18.2. Frequency of data collection
18.2.1 Frequency of data collection Continuously
18.2.2 Other frequency or additional comments
18.3. Data collection

18.3.1. Type of survey

Household survey


18.3.2. Data collection methods

18.3.2.1 Data collection methods CATI (computer-assisted telephone interview)
18.3.2.2 If other or additional comments, please specify. In case a combination of data collection methods is used, please give an indication of the importance of the different methods (in terms of number of respondents) 

Data were collected with the use of CATI questionnaires. The questionnaires were constructed with BLAISE software.
18.3.2.3 Questionnaire in national language (Annex/Link)

See Annexes
18.3.2.4 Questionnaire in English (Annex/Link)

See Annexes
18.3.2.5 Interviewer instructions in English (Annex/Link)

Not available


18.3.3. Proxy interviews

18.3.3.1 Proxy interviews Never
18.3.3.2 If "Allowed" or "Only in exceptional cases", please indicate for which variables in particular proxy interviews were used (it not all questions); If 4. "Not applicable", please explain why.


18.3.4. Average interview time (The average interview time is X minutes.)

18.3.4.1 Average interview time

6 minutes
18.3.4.2 Average interview time for respondents that reported trips

8 minutes


18.3.5 Second survey or source
18.4. Data validation
18.4.1 Data validation

The electronic questionnaire facilitates the inclusion of validation and consistency checks and thus validation of data is possible during the data collection phase. Once the data is collected, it is transferred to the responsible officer/supervisor for further checking. The main aim of this second stage is to assess completeness and item non-response.

Some data validation rules were performed with the use of SPSS in order to ensure that the results were correct and consistent. These rules were mainly based on the definitions provided in the methodological manual prepared by Eurostat.
18.4.2 Second survey or source (In case a second survey or source is used for collecting data on participation, trips or same-day visits, please briefly describe 18.4.1 here in relation to those surveys/sources)
18.5. Data compilation
18.5.1 Data compilation

After the dataset was edited according to the above mentioned validation and consistency rules, imputation methods were performed in order to complete missing cases: the averages of certain groups of cases were used to impute missing data for cases that belonged to the same group.
18.5.2 Second survey or source (In case a second survey or source is used for collecting data on participation, trips or same-day visits, please briefly describe 18.5.1 here in relation to those surveys/sources)
18.6. Adjustment

Not applicable.


19. Comment Top

[Optional]


Related metadata Top


Annexes Top
SURVEY ON THE TRIPS OF RESIDENTS 2022