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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Structural Business Statistics unit |
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1.5. Contact mail address | 5 Milana Rakića St, Belgrade Serbia |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 12 September 2024 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 12 September 2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 12 September 2024 |
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3.1. Data description | ||||||||||||||
Structural business statistics (SBS) describes the structure, conduct and performance of economic activities, down to the most detailed activity level (several hundred economic sectors). SBS covers all activities of the business economy with the exception of agricultural activities, public administration and (largely) non-market services such as education and health. Main characteristics (variables) of the SBS data category: • Business demographic variables (e.g. Number of active enterprises) • "Output related" variables (e.g. Net turnover, Value added) • "Input related" variables: labour input (e.g. Number of employees and self-employed persons, Hours worked by employees); goods and services input (e.g. Purchases of goods and services); capital input (e.g. Gross investments). Business services statistics (BS) collection contains harmonised statistics on business services. From 2008 onwards BS become part of the regular mandatory annual data collection of SBS. The BS’s data requirement includes variable “Turnover” broken down by products and by type of residence of client. The annual regional statistics collection includes three characteristics due by NUTS-2 country region and detailed on NACE Rev 2 division level (2-digits). |
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3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||||||
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE): NACE Rev.2 is used from 2008 onwards. Key data were double reported in NACE Rev.1.1 and NACE Rev.2 only for 2008. From 2002 to 2007 NACE Rev. 1.1 was used and until 2001 NACE Rev.1 The regional breakdown of the EU Member States is based on the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). The product breakdown is based on the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) as stated in the Regulation establishing CPA 2008 and its amending Commission Regulation (EU) No 1209/2014 (from reference year 2015 onwards). |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||||||
Starting reference year 2021 onwards SBS cover the economic activities of market producers within the NACE Rev. 2 Sections B to N, P to R and Divisions S95 and S96. From 2008 reference year the data collection Business services covers NACE Rev 2 codes: J62, N78, J582, J631, M731, M691, M692, M702, M712, M732, M7111, and M7112. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||||||
SBS constitutes an important and integrated part of the new European Business Statistics Regulation N° 2152/2019. Data requirements, simplifications and technical definitions are defined in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||||||
In SBR (Statistical Business Registers), a Legal unit is a starting point for the creation of the statistical unit Enterprise and currently all Enterprises consist of single legal unit (complex Enterprises have not yet been developed). Enterprise characteristics maintained by the SBR (principal activity, activity status, secondary economic activities, etc.) are gathered from the statistical sources. In SBS survey tailored questionnaires for a few the most important complex enterprises was made in order to apply a new definition of enterprise. Statistical and reporting unit is an economically active enterprise or market-oriented other legal unit (business entity) that have submitted the annual financial reports for the previous year. From the reference year 2021 a part of unincorporated enterprises (who provide annual financial reports) are included. Given that the enterprise may perform one or more activities, in one or more sites, the local unit is also considered as statistical unit. |
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3.5.1. Treatment of complex enterprise | ||||||||||||||
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3.5.2. Consolidation | ||||||||||||||
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3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||||||
The SBS survey covers active enterprises engaged in the production and sale of goods and services, as well as the part of other legal entities that produce and render market-oriented services, which is established by a practical criterion saying that their income from selling goods and services should exceed 50% of their total operating income. The target population consists of economically active statistical enterprises that are, according to their principal activity, classified in sections B to N, P to R and divisions S95 and S96. From the reference year 2021 entrepreneurs (unincorporated enterprises) who provide annual financial reports are included in the survey. |
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3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||||||
Results are calculated by activities of CA, for the Republic of Serbia and statistical territorial units Srbija– sever and Srbija – jug (NSTJ1) and regions (NSTJ2). Remark: Starting from 1999 the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has not at disposal and may not provide available certain data relative to AP Kosovo and Metohia and therefore these data are not included in the coverage for the Republic of Serbia (total). |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||||||
From the reference year 2007 to 2022. From the reference year 2021, there have been methodological changes in the Annual Structural Business Survey, which must be taken into account when comparing with the data until 2021. The changes refer to the extension of the reporting unit coverage, which, in addition to enterprises and part of other legal units, also includes a part of entrepreneurs who provide an annual financial report. In addition, from the reference year 2021, with the entry into force of the new European regulations related to business statistics, the coverage of activities has been extended in the survey by including the sections CA P, Q and R, as well as divisions CA 95 and 96 from section S. |
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3.9. Base period | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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• Number of enterprises and number of local units are expressed in units. • Monetary data are expressed in millions of DIN. • Employment variables are expressed in units. • Per head values are expressed in thousands of DIN per head. Ratios are expressed in percentages. |
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SBS data refer to the annual results of businesses, year 2022. SBS data refer to the calendar year that corresponds to the fiscal year. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
Starting with reference year 2021 two new regulations currently form the legal basis of SBS:
Year 1995 was the first year for the implementation of the Council Regulation No 58/97 (SBS Regulation). The Council Regulation No 58/97 has been amended three times: by Council Regulation No 410/98, Commission Regulation No 1614/2002 and European Parliament and Council Regulation No 2056/2002. As a new amendment of the basic Regulation it was decided to recast the Regulation No 58/97 in order to obtain a new "clean" legal text. In 2008 the European Parliament and Council adopted Regulation No 295/2008 and the provisions of this Regulation were applicable from the reference year 2008 to reference year 2020. Regulation No 295/2008 was amended by Commission Regulation (EU) No 446/2014. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Not applicable. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | ||||||||||||||||
Data confidentiality is stipulated by following documents: Official Statistics Law (Official Gazette of RS, number 104/2009), Articles 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49. Rulebook on statistical data protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia Guidelines on measures of data and information protection in the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | ||||||||||||||||
Until the reference year 2021 confidentiality treatment of SBS data was done using software programmes and procedures made by SORS which were based on the logical checks defined and recommended by Eurostat as well as on the rules applied in Tau Argus. From the reference year 2021 confidentiality data treatment (primary and secondary) has been made in Tau Argus. For primary confidentiality it was applied small counts rule – the cell is confidential if less than 3 units contribute to the total of the cell as well as dominance rule – the cell is confidential if one company is in a dominant position in the market i.e. it is share in total net turnover is up to 85%. Conditions were applied and if this data is confidential, all other variables on the same level of aggregation were considered as confidential. When primary confidentiality was done, it was applied secondary confidentiality to prevent the recalculation of a confidential cell. |
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7.2.1. Confidentiality processing | ||||||||||||||||
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
Calendar of releases is available at SORS website on the 1st day of December every year for the forthcoming year. Any divergence from the defined time schedule are announced in advance and explained in the Calendar. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Calendar of releases is available at SORS website. |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
The data obtained through statistical surveys are released: - at the internet presentation, - in the database, - in statistical releases and publications. The results of official statistics are available at the same time to all users on impartial basis; any privileged access by external users before their release is not allowed. |
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Annual. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
Not available. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
Not available. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Not available. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
Not available. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
The SORS quality management system is relied on the Serbian official statistics mission and vision, as well as on the European Statistics Code of Practice – CoP and the Total Quality Management – TQM principles, which together make the common quality framework of the European Statistical System (ESS). For more information, see the documents. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Results from the Annual Structural Business Survey are produced in line with methodological requirements and standards, combining data from statistical survey SBS-01 and administrative data sources (annual financial reports). Data are compared with data from the previous period as well as with data from the other statistical domains. The level of reliability and accuracy is high. Before data publishing detailed quality control of data is done. Release of data is in line with Calendar of releases and data are available to all the users. Combining multiple sources and data collection methods is in line with international recommendations, standards and practice. Data are internationally consistent because they follow EU practice as well as relevant international concepts, definitions and classifications. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
Beside data released in regular publications in SORS, special data processing is done at the request of the user. Users on statistical data on structural business statistics are found in all areas of economic and social life. These are natural persons, business entities, state administration bodies and units of local self-government, academic and scientific-research institutions, Eurostat and other domestic and international users. Internal users are:
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
On biennial basis (once in two years), by the means of web interview, the User Satisfaction Survey is implemented. The survey results are available at SORS website. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
The SBS-01 survey includes all economically active enterprises engaged in the production and sale of products and services, as well as other legal units that produce and provide services for the market. From the reference year 2021 unincorporated enterprises (entrepreneurs) who provide annual financial reports are included in the survey. The survey covers majority of the variables required by Eurostat regulations and guidelines. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Given that the response rate for the Structural Business Statistics survey for 2022 was about 88% as well as the usage of administrative data sources in the case of non-response, the overall accuracy is very high. Possible errors from inputs for SBS survey are:
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Not applicable. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
The data are published on the SORS website 15 months after the reference period. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
All data is published in accordance with the announced Calendar of Release. The data are transmitted to Eurostat in the required deadlines and technical format. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | ||||||||||||
The same concept of calculation of results is applied in the territory of the whole Republic of Serbia. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | ||||||||||||
First reference year available (calendar year) - 2008 Calendar year(s) of break in time series - 2013, 2020, 2023 Reasons for the breaks - classification changes, unit coverage changes Length of comparable time series (from calendar year to calendar year) - 2008-2012, 2013-2022 From the reference year 2021, there have been methodological changes in the Annual Structural Business Survey, which must be taken into account when comparing with the data until 2021. The changes refer to the extension of the reporting units coverage, which, in addition to enterprises and part of other legal units, also includes a part of entrepreneurs who provide an annual financial report. In addition, from the reference year 2021, with the entry into force of the new European regulations related to business statistics, the coverage of activities has been extended in the survey by including the sections CA P, Q and R, as well as divisions CA 95 and 96 from section S. |
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15.2.1. Time series | ||||||||||||
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | ||||||||||||
Data from the annual structural business statistics is compared with data from the other statistical domains, such as:
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15.4. Coherence - internal | ||||||||||||
Data for different aggregates inside SBS are completely consistent. |
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Considering that for majority of units in the SBS frame the input data are taken from existing administrative and statistical sources, costs of SBS data production as well as the additional burden on the reporting units are minimized as much as possible. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
No revision policy for SBS. The general SORS revision policy is available at this website. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
Methodology and preliminary data compilation process is identical to the one for final data production. That means, the same methodology and sources are used in both cases. Due to the longer available period, for final data more control and checks of data are carried out, including the checking with units, which improves the final data quality. Published data are considered final, unless otherwise stated. |
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18.1. Source data | ||||||||||||||
Reporting method of data collection based on the SBS-01 questionnaire (web entry) is applied in the survey. In addition, data from administrative sources (annual financial reports) are also used. The survey is exhaustive.
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18.1.1. Data sources overview | ||||||||||||||
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | ||||||||||||||
Annual data collection. |
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18.3. Data collection | ||||||||||||||
The survey is carried out as mandatory, prescribed by the Annual Plan of Statistical Surveys adopted by the Government of the Republic of Serbia. Apart from submitting data via a web questionnaire, reporting units can send completed questionnaires by e-mail. It is usual practice to contact the reporting unit by telephone or e-mail, for the purpose of providing expert assistance and consultations when filling in the questionnaire, due to its scope and complexity. Sometimes the data is collected by telephone. |
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18.4. Data validation | ||||||||||||||
Data quality control is carried out within data entry through a web application, in which the criteria of logical and calculation control are implemented. This way wrong data or warnings are marked in the application, suggesting that the reporting unit should check and correct such data. The data are then transmitted to IST, a software application created in the SORS, which is used to control, process and tabulate data. In addition to the data from the current year (at the reporting unit level), the IST also contains relevant data from the previous year, as well as data from administrative sources. Based on this data set, data control is performed as well as imputation of data in case of non-response. IT programs function on the basis of a rule for error detection, distinguishing "warning" and "very significant" errors, which indicate that data correction is necessary. In order to correct errors, consultation with reporting units is often necessary. Aggregated data is also controlled in the Eurostat platform services. Validated data are transmitted to Eurostat. |
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18.5. Data compilation | ||||||||||||||
The collected data from the survey are stored in IST software application which is used to control, process and tabulate data. Also data from annual financial reports are stored in the same base. After data editing in IST and imputations in the case of non-response, the calculation of variables in the same application follows. Variables related to investments are calculated or estimated from regular annual statistical survey on gross investments in fixed assets. |
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18.6. Adjustment | ||||||||||||||
Not applicable. |
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No further comments. |
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