Statistic Finland

Economic Statistics

Services and industry

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FI-00022 Statistics Finland

FINLAND 

European statistics on electricity prices for household and final non-household customers.

Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual electricity consumption bands and tax levels.

Household sector and final use of electricity by non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc).

The prices are reported in national currencies per kWh and according to different bands of consumption.

For the household sector, these bands are:

• DA: customers consuming less than 1000 kWh.
• DB: customers consuming 1000 kWh or more but less than 2500 kWh.
• DC: customers consuming 2500 kWh or more but less than 5000 kWh.
• DD: customers consuming 5000 kWh or more but less than 15000 kWh.
• DE: customers consuming 15000 kWh or more.

For the final non-household sector, the bands are:

• IA: customers consuming less than 20 MWh.
• IB: customers consuming 20 MWh or more but less than 500 MWh.
• IC: customers consuming 500 MWh or more but less than 2000 MWh.
• ID: customers consuming 2000 MWh or more but less than 20000 MWh.
• IE: customers consuming 20000 MWh or more but less than 70000 MWh.
• IF: customers consuming 70000 MWh or more but less than 150000 MWh.
• IG: customers consuming 150000 MWh or more.

There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:

1- Semestrial prices:

These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:

• Level 1 prices: prices excluding taxes and levies.
• Level 2 prices: prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
• Level 3 prices: prices including all taxes and levies.

2- Annual prices:

These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:

• Energy and supply: generation, aggregation, balancing energy, supplied energy costs, customer services, after-sales management and other supply costs.
• Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs, and meter rental and metering costs.
• Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
• Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
• Capacity taxes: Taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to capacity payments, energy security and generation adequacy; taxes on coal industry restructuring; taxes on electricity distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
• Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO₂ or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
• Nuclear taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the nuclear sector, including nuclear decommissioning, inspections and fees for nuclear installations.
• All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous five categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.

In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculated the single national electricity prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE).

Some of the taxes are refundable. Here is a description of them:

Excise duty refunds for electricity

If a company is entitled to use electricity of tax category II but the price of the electricity the company has bought includes tax of category I, the difference between the tax categories is refunded to the company. Excise duty refunds are not applicable to household electricity.

Industry users, server rooms and professional greenhouse growers pay lower excise duties (category II).  All other users pay category I taxes.

The electricity price data is collected from the suppliers thus later refunded taxes is impossible to trace for the target population and individual consumption bands.

Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.

Household customers: Data comes from 15 suppliers in 2021 and representing approximately 70 % of the total use of electricity by household customers.

Final non-household customers: Data coming from 17 suppliers in 2021 and representing approximately little less than 50% of the total use of electricity by final non-household customers.

The reference area is the whole country.

Electricity prices data for Finland are available since 1995.

Not applicable.

Prices are reported in national currency € per kWh. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity).
Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.

For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.

For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).

At EU level:

• Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices and repealing Directive 2008/92/EC (Text with EEA relevance).
• Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2169 of 21 November 2017 concerning the format and arrangements for the transmission of European Statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
• Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (notified under document C(2018) 7465) (Text with EEA relevance).
• Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/803 of 17 May 2019 concerning the content of quality reports on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).

At national level:

• The compilation of statistics is guided by the general act of the national statistical service, the Statistics Act (280/2004, amend. 361/2013). Only the necessary data that are not available from administrative data sources are collected from data suppliers.

At EU level:

• Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation appart from its usual dissemination chanel (Eurostat's database, statistic explained articles and press or news release) .

At national level:

• Data is sent to eurostat.
• The electricity prices for non-household consumers is disseminated in Statistics Finland’s web service.
• The statistics on electricity prices for non-household customers is delivered to the IEA.
• Set of monthly statistics on electricity prices are also sold to the customers.

The data protection of data collected for statistical purposes is absolutely guaranteed in accordance with the Statistics Act (280/2004), the Personal Data Act (532/1999) and the Act on the Openness of Government Activities (621/1999), as well as the requirements of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (2016/679). The data materials are protected at all stages of processing with the necessary physical and technical solutions. Statistics Finland has compiled detailed directions and instructions for confidential processing of the data. Employees have access only to the data essential for their duties. The premises where unit-level data are processed are not accessible to outsiders. Members of the personnel have signed a pledge of secrecy upon entering the service. Wilful breaching of data protection is punishable.

Published data should not allow identification of single consumers.

The main method used for statistical disclosure control is cell suppression If only one or a few records contribute to the value of a certain cell, the value is to be suppressed. In addition to this, it also has to be ascertained that the cell value cannot be calculated by using the marginal sums of the table. Confidental data is labelled with C in reporting.

Statistics Finland’s release calendar lists in advance all the statistical data and publications to be released over the year. Statistical releases can be found under statistics-specific releases. Statistical data are released on the Internet at 8 am, unless otherwise indicated.

 The calendar is updated on weekdays. Statistics Finland’s release calendar for the coming year is published every year in December.

Statistics Finland’s main output, general statistics about society, is freely available to all on the Internet. Statistics Finland supplies the statistical information required by agreements and EU legislation to the EU and to international organisations free of charge. Statistics Finland also serves the users of statistical data with its information services, some of which are supplied for a fee to customers’ orders. The goal of publishing is to make the statistical information produced by Statistics Finland available to users without delay.

Electricity prices in Finland are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website. Electricity prices for non-household consumers are published on quarterly basis on the homepages of energy price statistics by Statistics Finland.

Energy price statistics are released on quarterly basis.

Set of monthly statistics on electricity prices are also sold as specific delivery in pdf-format (only a few subscriber)

Data base

Not known

Statistics Finland's research services offer microdata for scientific studies and statistical surveys. The releasing of microdata is subject to a user licence. The price of the assignment is determined on the basis of its extent, requirements and the mode of use of the data. Anonymised data can be released for research use as sample data. Identifiable data are available only for remote use or use at the Research Laboratory.

No other ways for disseminating the data

Not available

Documentation on methodology is internal.

Not available

Quality report for energy prices statistics

Quality management requires comprehensive guidance of activities. The quality management framework of the field of statistics is the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP). The frameworks complement each other. The quality criteria of Official Statistics of Finland are also compatible with the European Statistics Code of Practice.

Further information: Quality management | Statistics Finland (stat.fi) External link

The allocation to the consumption bands is sometimes problematic as companies make contracts with companies but invoicing is done based on the local unit. Data unit is often the local unit at the electricity companies database. This means that data from a company is devided into smaller consumption bands.

Average prices are weighted by annual consumption estimates. This means that prices during the months with less electricity consumption has somewhat bigger weight than it should and vice versa. There is ongoing work to collect monthly consumption data to estimate the difference of monhly consumpion. Later this data can be used for weighting.

The data collection has been implemented specifically for needs of European statistics on electricity prices. Data is also used for energy price statistics and producer price statistics.

We do not have a method in place for measuring the satisfaction of the users.

The data is collected from a sample of the electricity supplier companies. The coverage is considered sufficient enough to describe the price levels of electricity consumers by categories.

100%, except confidentiality restrictions to be taken into account in publishing.

Systematic error could be caused by non-responses. Missing data values have been corrected by imputation. Unit imputation is used to reduce non-response bias. The effect is not deeply analysed.

Sampling error is always associated with sampling (as only one sample realization from population is utilized). Sampling error can be measured with standard error - and confidence intervals. Confidence intervals have not been estimated for electricity prices.

Electricity prices are cut-off sampled, meaning that all the significant suppliers are in the sample, measured by a value share of total. Their clients are a representative sample of all final electricity consumers.

the sampling error is negligible due to the high percentage of the population covered by the sample

Sampling error is always associated with sampling (as only one sample realization from population is utilized). Sampling error can be measured with standard error - and confidence intervals. Confidence intervals have not been estimated for electricity prices.

Information is included in the sub-concepts S.13.3.1-S.13.3.5.

See 13.3.1.1.and 13.3.1.2

Over-coverage – rate is zero

~8% of the data comes from administrative sources.

Data source for electricity network prices is the national regulator for the electricity market (Energy Authority). The price data covers all network operators (totally 77 distribution network operators). Energy Authority make estimations to split the distribution prices between different bands.

PPI staff carry out the price collection. Most of price data is collected by an online survey. As price collection starts, a suggestion for informants to report reference month’s prices is sent via email. Reminders are also sent via email. Eventually informants are contacted by telephone, if they have missed the deadline.

SAS software provides relevant listings for monitoring the data collection – this also includes detecting possible measurement errors. On the development of the online survey, focus has been on user-friendliness in order to reduce response burden and improve data quality. Non-responders and inliers are studied on a regular basis in order to avoid errors on results.

The response rate reaches 95%. Reminder calls and e-mails are used to maintain high response rate. Online price data collection system is actively developed in order to reduce the response burden and obtain data of good quality. Non-responders and inliers are studied on a regular basis in order to avoid errors on results.

Unit non-response rate is 5%

Item non-response rate is 0%

Double checks and error listings are used to avoid processing errors. PPI staff is also professional on collecting prices and compiling price indices, and this also helps to minimize the risk of processing errors.

Not Applicable.

Electricity providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the electricity price data within 2-3 weeks after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 92 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 87 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 92 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 92 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 90 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2019 was sent 92 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 87 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2020 was sent 92 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2020 was sent 90 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2021 was sent 92 days after the reference period.

The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 90 days after the reference period.

Version 3 of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 91 days after the reference period, 1 day after the first version and 1 day after the mandatory deadline.

The first version was non-household questionnaire by mistake.

Version 2 of the electricity price questionnaire for households and non-households for the 2nd semester of 2021 was sent 90 days after the reference period, 0 days after the first version and 0 days after the mandatory deadline.

VAT was calculated in a wrong way.

Version 3 of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 114 days after the reference period, 21 days after the first version and 24 day(s) after the mandatory deadline.

Inconsistency between S1 and S2 data due to missing transfer prices and new methodology developed to replace missing values.

Version 3 of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2019 was sent 99 days after the reference period, 10 days after the first version and 7 day(s) after the mandatory deadline.

Inconsistency between S1 and S2 data due to missing transfer prices and new methodology developed to replace missing values.

The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period.

Most of the first versions of the questionnaires have been delivered on time. The final versions were submitted delayed from deadline.

All questionnaires were sent on time.

The whole country is represented in the price data.

Not applicable

The data is assumed to be comparable over time. Several merges has occured especially in 2021 thus the sample size has reduced but the coverage remained almost constant. 

10

Not applicable

Not applicable

Not applicable

Bi-annual prices are coherent with annual prices

The price data for electricity prices is collected from 17 companies. Reporting burden is not measured.

Revisions in statistical data primarily aims to guarantee the use of correct data and ensure that erroneous data are corrected as efficiently as possible. Information on errors in the statistics is also given (and changed data are retained permanently). In addition, transparent correction procedures help maintain users' confidence in the producer of the statistics. Statistic Finland’s revision policy is described in Release guidelines.

The revisions are done in case of value or content corrections. Usually the changes are due to the data sources. Occasionally the survey respondents send corrections to the data. The erroneous data observed are corrected as promptly as possible.

Household electricity prices collection: 0.001969515

Non-household electricity prices collection: 0.056524548

The price data is collected directly from electricity suppliers by Statistics Finland. Data source for electricity network prices is the national regulator for the electricity market (Energy Authority).

Data collection is carried out on monthly basis.

Data collection type: “Mandatory business survey”. Data on electricity prices are collected from a sample of the electricity supplier companies (excluding autoproducers and “Mankala” companies where production companies are jointly owned by consumers). The questionnaire covers prices of different types of contracts.

The survey is based on electronic questionnaires collected via national collecting tool. Reminders are sent in case of missing data. The response rate is mostly 95-100 per cent.

The reporting form follows the Eurostat’s Questionnaire with the same consumption categories.

The network price data is based on administrative data from the Energy Authority.

Checks are carried out. The changes in prices since the previous semester is assessed and if there’s a large variation the supplier is asked to confirm. 

The price data is compared with the prices published by Energy Authority. This price information is publicly available in the Energy Authority’s web service (www.sahkonhinta.fi). The price series are analysed against the spot prices of electricity at Nord Pool.

Bi-annual prices are calculated as weighted average prices by using the annual consumption estimates available for each consumer band.

0-5 %

No adjustment to the data.

Seasonable adjustments are not carried out.

During past few years some new companies have come into the market while the share of the biggest companies has decreased a bit. The new companies and power plants are mainly related to wind power.