Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Directorate General of Energy and Mining Policy
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
The mail address for the contact person is:
Paseo de la Castella, 160
28017, Madrid
Spain
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
11 July 2022
2.2. Metadata last posted
1 July 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
1 July 2025
3.1. Data description
The data this quality report refers to are european statistics on electricity prices for household and non-household final consumers.
3.2. Classification system
The data follows the internal Eurostat classification system based on annual electricity consumption bands and tax levels.
3.3. Coverage - sector
The data covers both the household sector, made up by all domestic consumers, and the non-household sector (made up of consumers that belong to industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc.).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Prices are reported in national currencies per kWh and EUROS per kWh according to different bands of consumption. Since Spain uses EURO as the national currency, prices are directly peroted in EUROS per kWh
For the household sector, these elelcrticty consumption bands are:
DA: customers consuming less than 1000 kWh.
DB: customers consuming 1000 kWh or more but less than 2500 kWh.
DC: customers consuming 2500 kWh or more but less than 5000 kWh.
DD: customers consuming 5000 kWh or more but less than 15000 kWh.
DE: customers consuming 15000 kWh or more.
For the final non-household sector, the bands are:
IA: customers consuming less than 20 MWh.
IB: customers consuming 20 MWh or more but less than 500 MWh.
IC: customers consuming 500 MWh or more but less than 2000 MWh.
ID: customers consuming 2000 MWh or more but less than 20000 MWh.
IE: customers consuming 20000 MWh or more but less than 70000 MWh.
IF: customers consuming 70000 MWh or more but less than 150000 MWh.
IG: customers consuming 150000 MWh or more.
There are 2 different reports depending on whether the information refers to either biannual or annual prices:
1- Biannual prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided into 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: generation, aggregation, balancing energy, supplied energy costs, customer services, after-sales management and other supply costs.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs, and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: Taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to capacity payments, energy security and generation adequacy; taxes on coal industry restructuring; taxes on electricity distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
Nuclear taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the nuclear sector, including nuclear decommissioning, inspections and fees for nuclear installations.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous five categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
Spain had been privy to a derogation granted to Spain by the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018. This was necessary because national regulation did not allow at that moment for a clear identification of all price components and sub-components. The then network tariffs in the Kingdom of Spain covered network costs, a wide range of taxes, charges and other costs related with renewable energy, capacity allocation and other concepts.
When this derogation was granted network costs could be accurately and easily estimated from data provided by suppliers and thus be identified as a separate price component, the same could not be said to the same degree of certainty for thetotality of components and sub-components. Therefore, from 2013 onwards "network costs" could be separately reported but the rest of the concepts, taxes (except VAT and the Spanish Special Tax on Electricity) levies, etc., are incorporated into the "Energy and supply" component. This was the reason for the derogation that was in appliction until 2018. Since then regulation has evolved and has allowed for a more clear information which has in turn helped to correctly identify the differnte compeonents and subcomponents.
Network costs are currently and specifically set by regulation and the rest of the costs are esaily identifiable. Netowrk costs are annually set by the NRA (in 2021 the network cost tariffs were first approved as a diferentiated component in the Resolución de 18 de marzo de 2021, de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia, por la que se establecen los valores de los peajes de acceso a las redes de transporte y distribución de electricidad de aplicación a partir del 1 de junio de 2021). One further consideration related to how netowrk costs are set it that the methodolgy for doing so is established in the norm Circular 3/2020, de 15 de enero, de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia, por la que se establece la metodología para el cálculo de los peajes de transporte y distribución de electricidad.
From 2021 onwards, prices reported in Spain are sent showing the following components:
Energy and supply.
Network costs.
Value added tax (VAT).
Environmental tax: which is the the Special Tax on Electricity
All other taxes, charges, lveies and: which is made up exclusively of the charges, levies, etc.
Spain shows one more distinguishing feature in its price components and sub-components. Electricity producers are subject to a tax on energy generation. When producers take part in any of the available electricity markets, they may internalize the cost of this tax in the prices they offer. Thus electricity consumers may also be affected by this tax, which would also be included in the "Energy and supply" concept even though it is not directly observable nor measurable.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares for the transmission network and the distribution networks. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used calculate the single national electricity prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE).
Some of the taxes are refundable. Here is a description of them:
Band
Name of the tax
Component in which it is reported
Recoverable portion of the component
IA
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IB
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IC
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
ID
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IE
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IF
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IG
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
In the table below are the taxes reported in "All other taxes", which in Spain includes only the Special Tax on Electricity, which applies to all consumers.
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
3.6. Statistical population
Since 2021 the process to determine the statistical population was formally set, following the criteria and processes set under articles 2 and 3 of "Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, por la que se determina el contenido y las condiciones de remisión al Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico de la información sobre los precios aplicados a los consumidores finales de electricidad".
In 2022 the sample population was made up of 45 suppliers, which covered 94.02% of total consumers from the year before.
In 2023 the sample population was made up of 42 suppliers. whihc covered 95.38% of total consumers forme the year before.
In 2024 the sample population was made up of 38 suppliers, which covered 92.77% of total concumers frome the year before.
This data is provided by the Spanish NRA durign the process in whic the Sapinsh Government selects the statiscal poulation of suppliers that will have to provide information for a given year.
3.7. Reference area
The reference area for the data is the whole country.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Electricity prices data for Spain are available since 2003.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
As a general rule, prices are reported to Eursotat in national currency per kWh. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity).Since Spain uses EURO as national currency, prices are reported to Eurostat dircetly in EUROS per kWh
Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
For biannual prices, the reference periods are from January 1st to June 30th for the firs semester of every year and from July 1st to December 31st for the second semester.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January 1st to December 31st).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
At EU level:
Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 October 2016 on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices and repealing Directive 2008/92/EC (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2169 of 21 November 2017 concerning the format and arrangements for the transmission of European Statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/803 of 17 May 2019 concerning the content of quality reports on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).
At national level:
Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, por la que se determina el contenido y las condiciones de remisión al Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico de la información sobre los precios aplicados a los consumidores finales de electricidad.
Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation apart from its usual dissemination channel (Eurostat's database, statistic explained articles and press or news release) .
At national level:
Data is sent to Eurostat.
Data is sent to International Energy Agency (IEA)
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
At EU level:
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 March 2009, on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
This regulation sets up The National Security Scheme (ENS), which is the mandatory Information Security Management System (ISMS) for public administrations. The ENS Scheme secures information systems, their services and the data/information itself (including those usde in data gathernig for electricity prices) through five dimensions in which information security is structured:
Confidentiality: Property or characteristic that the information is neither made available nor revealed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes.
Integrity: Property or characteristic that the information asset has not been altered in an unauthorized manner.
Availability: Property or characteristic of assets consisting of authorized entities or processes having access to them when required.
Authenticity: Property or characteristic that an entity is who it claims to be or that it guarantees the source from which the data comes.
Traceability: Property or characteristic that the actions of an entity can be attributed exclusively to that entity.
The Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITERD) is in a continuous process of adaptation to the ENS regulation, whose ultimate goal is to achieve an increase in the level of security and maturity of the Ministry's information systems.
Also, the Institutional Mandate at national level includes specific provision related to data confindetiality and thah complemented ENS regulation. Because of this, the regulatory change of 2021 that took place at national level mentioned in point "6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements" has had an effect on this matter.
From 2021 onwards, the Instituional Mandate on electricity prices is Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, por la que se determina el contenido y las condiciones de remisión al Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico de la información sobre los precios aplicados a los consumidores finales de electricidad. This regulation established two specific precepts related to data confidentiality:
Article 10 of this regulation puts a limitation on the Spainsh governemnt, establishing that it can only disclose information that it has received from electricy suppliers which is not a considered a commercial secret. Furthermore, the information received can only be used only for statistical purposes as aggregated data that cannot identify any individual supplier in any way.
Notwithstanding, article 11 determines that the government may provide access to this information to the Spanish NRA so that it may carry out its functions as energy market overseer. This access will be provided in any and all conditions that guarantee security, confidentiality and integrity of the information accessed. Furthermore, regional authorities may also request access to the information required for their respective functions, which may only be granted under these same conditions.
The National Security Scheme (ENS), which is the mandatory Information Security Management System (ISMS) for public administrations described in point 7.1 of this report. As a second layer on the confidentiality policy which is coexistent with all the guarantees provided by ENS, data treatment is based on the principle that any published data does not allow the identification of single consumers. This is achieved by a careful screening of the different data inputs provided by electricity suppliers. The national regulation on the statistic of electricity prices follows two guidelines.
The first one is that no individual data is asked directly from final consumers and the sources of information on prices are electricity suppliers.
The second one is that the suppliers do not provide individual information either. Each supplier is required to report the following information, differentiating by bands of consumption:
Total number of clients
Total aggregated amount of energy supplied to all of its clients
Total aggregated amounts billed to its clients during the reference period, separating by price levels
Prices, separating by price levels.
Therefore, no individual data is reported by suppliers to the Ministry for the Ecological Transition. However, there may occur extreme cases where a supplier reports that there is only one client in any given band. This may indicate the volume of energy that that client has used. However, since the supplier does not provide any identifying information of that particular consumer, its confidentiality is still safeguarded and the Ministry is never in a position to identify any given client. These exceptional cases arec covered by the fact that the information froma any given supplier is then aggregated to the information of the rest of suppliers.
The Ministry's data treatment prevents individual identification of clients or suppliers once the final data is reported to Eurostat and any other agencies. During data compilation and treatment, the Ministry aggregates the data from all the suppliers making it impossible to report the information from any individual client.
Thus, there is no need for additional treatment the data in order to avoid undue identification of customers, other than the preliminary verification to check that it meets the necessary requirements set in the regulation of the Kingdom of Spain. As long as the information is eligible, there is not a risk of publication of any data that could identify single consumers from any of the suppliers.
8.1. Release calendar
The Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge publishes on its web page the following information related to electricity prices:
"Precios Electricidad". This publications show price statistics for the reference year which, from 2017 onwards, include the data sent to Eurostat.
These reports and statistics are published annually, but without a preannounced calendar.
8.2. Release calendar access
The data on energy and electricity prices for any given year is published and made available the following year, although it is done without a preannounced calendar.
The link to the Ministry's website where the yearly data and publications mentioned in point "8.1 Release calendar" of this report are uploaded is:
This link leads to the latest available publication, which includes price data for the period 2022 to 2024.
8.3. Release policy - user access
The Ministry for the Ecological Transition releases electricity price data to users in its website. This data is made available annually to the public in general. Any user may access the publications on the Ministry's web page. These annual reports are made available in the following link:
This page includes information not only related to electricity but also to other energy products, such as natural gas. The electricity prices here referred to are not exactly the same as those referred to Eurostat but they do include them, since they are obtained from a variety of sources.
It should be mentioned that in 2017 the scope covered by the data published was increased, and since then a new file was added to all the others. This new file includes the very same data that is sent to Eurostat for annual prices, divided by price components, consumer type and bands of electricity consumption.
Electricity prices in Spain are published on a biannual basis on Eurostat's website.
The data is also published on a binannual basis on IEA's website.
Finally, yearly prices are being published in the Ministry's website without a preannounced calendar.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
There is not an official national press release related to the data.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
There are two main information sources that consumers and any other interested parties may refer to in order to learn or investigate about electricity prices.
The Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge publishes in its website a series of documents related to electricity prices which include:
"Estadísticas de la Industria Energética". This report is a yearly summary of the electricity sector and it includes statistics for energy produced, supplied and distributed. In relation to electricty prices, since 2017 it includes the yearly prices sent to Eurostat.
"Precios Electricidad", which are publications of electricity statistics for a given year. These statistics are made available to all users. From 2017 these files include the very same data for annual electricity prices and components that is sent to Eurostat.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
There are not any online databases that are used for the dissemination of the data.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
The Kingdom of Spain does not provide access to microdata.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
No other ways for disseminating the data are available.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not applicable.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
There is no documentation on methodology.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not applicable.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
No document related to quality management exists.
11.1. Quality assurance
Data quality policy seeks to guarantee the quality of both the information receied form suppliers and sent to Eurostat. In order to achieve this Spain employs a two-layered approach
The first layer is through the application of the National Security Scheme (ENS)
As referenced in point 7.1 of this report, the Kingdom of Spain has approved the Real Decreto Real Decreto 311/2022, de 3 de mayo, por el que se regula el Esquema Nacional de Seguridad.
This regulation sets up The National Security Scheme (ENS), which is the mandatory Information Security Management System (ISMS) for public administrations. The ENS Scheme secures information systems, their services and their information/data (including those used in data gathering for electricity prices) through five dimensions in which information security is structured:
Confidentiality: Property or characteristic that the information is neither made available nor revealed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes.
Integrity: Property or characteristic that the information asset has not been altered in an unauthorized manner.
Availability: Property or characteristic of assets consisting of authorized entities or processes having access to them when required.
Authenticity: Property or characteristic that an entity is who it claims to be or that it guarantees the source from which the data comes.
Traceability: Property or characteristic that the actions of an entity can be attributed exclusively to that entity.
Although all five dimensions help guarantee data quality, the isecond, foruth and fifth dimensions help underscore the quality in the information received and used by the Ministry.
As mentioned before, the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITERD) is in a continuous process of adaptation to the ENS regulation.
The second layer is focused on internal review procedures and checks that are explained below:
Data representability: As explained in point "3.6 statistical population" of this report, prices submitted by suppliers cover a large portion of consumers. In the case of household consumers this portion is estimated to be between 90 and 95% of the market share, making the procedure for this type of clients almost a census rather than a sampling method. The same cannot be said of non-household consumers, since the market share for them covered by suppliers that report electricity price data is estimated to be between 70 and 75%.
Price quality (1): Prices submitted by any supplier are compared to previously reported prices by that same supplier. If anomalies such as reporting in new consumer bands or relevant price variations are detected, the Ministry asks for clarification and correction of the data.
Price quality (2): Price evolution in the different bands is also compared to how benchmark prices have evolved during the same periods. These comparisons are made to wholesale market prices and PVPC prices. If a price shows a significant deviation from the the Ministry benchmarks, it asks the supplier to confirm the values reported.
Volume quality: Electricity supplied volumes submitted by companies for each band are also compared to volumes in previous reference periods. This helps detect both typing and magnitude errors. If a volume shows a significant variation from previously reported volumes, the Ministry asks the supplier for clarification and if necessary to correct the value.
Individual and average price trends: Both supplier prices and average prices for each band are compared with prices from previous periods in order to detect possible errors.
These comparisons are done with both the values obtained in the immediately preceding period and those from the same period of the previous year, in a year-to-year comparison. This allows the Ministry to take into consideration both electricity demand evolution within the same year, as well as seasonal factors that may influence upon energy consumption and the rest of the data.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
As refernced in point 11.1 of this report, data quality assurance is two layered.
In the first layer, the Ministry carries out periodic analyses of the different tools and applications employed in its electronic adminsitration, draws the relevant conclusions and follows the recommendations in relation to the National Security Scheme (ENS) which has impact on the procurement of ITC services and how these services must be provided meeting the technical and safety requirements that are set and revised.
On the second layer, data quality can also be considered adequately managed since prices and energy volume data are provided by a representative share of the market. Suppliers that make up the survey population cover have been convering a very sizeable share number of consumers. In the case of final customers at least 94.02% in 2022 of the population, 95,38% in 2023 and 94.77% in 2024. Suppliers that make up the statistical population are largely experienced companies in any and all aspects related to electricity supply. The newer members of the statistical population have also gathered some of this expertise, since their success have made many of them grow enough to become part of the statistical population.
Possible mistakes may occur. The Ministry cannot guarantee that all suppliers take correctly into account all the criteria on how to provide data, as established in the regulation (price components, volumes, etc.) for each band of consumption. However, whenever a supplier consults the Ministry on this issue, information is always provided in order to help them comply with the standards set.
Nonetheless, since errors may always take place there is validation process set in place, as explained in point "18. Statistical processing" of this report.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The following users may use information on price statistics:
The national government, the Spanish NRA as well as regional governments.
Private users, such as media, investigator, etc., which do not have any access to individual supplier data or microdata but rather to aggregated and processed final data. This access is covered by the different considerations in relation to confidentiality as explained in part 7 of this report.
The main and almost sole user is the national government which processes and reports the information to Eurostat.
Some secondary use of partial information may be given by the national government, but this is limited mainly to certain price evolution analysis and other related issues.
The regulatory change of 2021 that took place at national level mentioned in point "6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements" has had an effect on this issue. Currently the NRA and regional governments may use some of the electricity price data under the provisions covered by Article 12 of Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril.
Finally private users may also make use of final information on price statistics. These uses have been largely more concerned with final prices, although media (newspapers and TV) also publish and debate on prices and their components. There is not any available feedback on the needs and uses that investigators or other users make of price data.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Due to the size of the unit in charge of statistics on electricity prices, a formal method that can collect the views and opinions of users has not been developed. Therefore, there is not any satisfaction feedback currently available.
12.3. Completeness
There are two aspects that can be taken into account when data completeness:
Completeness of the data provided by the suppliers to the Ministry.
Completeness on the data transmitted to Eurostat.
When analyzing the first type of completeness, one must take into account the two levels at which this issue is addressed.
On the one hand, as referenced previously in points 7.1 and 11.1 of this report, the Kingdom of Spain has approved the Real Decreto Real Decreto 311/2022, de 3 de mayo, por el que se regula el Esquema Nacional de Seguridad.
This regulation sets up The National Security Scheme (ENS), which is the mandatory Information Security Management System (ISMS) for public administrations and its five dimensions in which information security is structured: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authenticity, and Traceability.
Although all five dimensions help guarantee data quality, the integrity and avilability dimensions help underscore the completeness of the information received and used by the Ministry.
As mentioned before, the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITERD) is in a continuous process of adaptation to the ENS regulation, whose ultimate goal is to achieve an increase in the level of security and maturity of the Ministry's information systems.
The second level is PRICE, the application used by the Ministry to gather data from suppliers. This application and the process in general of data gathering and reporting carried out by the Kingdom of Spain serves as a check on the completeness of data provided by the suppliers to the Ministry and that provide by the ministry to other interested parties.
On the other hand, when evaluating completeness on the data reported by Spain to Eurostat and compering to previous years, the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 must be taken into account. This implementing decision granted the Kingdom of Spain a derogation from producing statistical data for reference years 2017 and 2018 related with Points 5(a) and 5(b) of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2016/1952. This provision affects the three main components and the sub-components on network prices and on taxes, fees, levies and charges for electricity prices, as well as to the three-level breakdown of these electricity prices. Thus, price statistic data submitted by Spain currently follows Directive 2008/92/EC.
Once the derogation granted under this Decisión expire Spain adate irs data gathering and data treatment, complying with the requirements set under Regulation (EU) 2016/1952. In oder to achieve this new regulation was approved and new methodoligies were developed and made use of.
Prices cuurently reported in Spain are sent differentiating the following components:
Energy and supply.
Network costs.
Value added tax (VAT).
Environmental tax: which is the the Special Tax on Electricity
All other taxes, charges, lveies and: which is made up exclusively of the charges, levies, etc.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
At ENS level, data completeness is analyzed for the PRICE application under the scope of the the integrity and avilability dimensions.
Furthermore, on the issue of completeness of supplier data, the information is validated, as described in point "18.4 Data validation" of this report. This validation includes completeness of information verifications, since a supplier may by mistake leave out certain information. These verifications are carried out, on the one hand, automatically by the PRICE application, and, on the other, manually by personnel from the Deputy Directorate General of Electricity.
While the Kingdom of Spain cannot provide a definite ratio of data completeness, it is estimated that at least 95% of the data required in the questionnaires is provided by those suppliers that upload their data before the reporting period finishes.
In the biannual price reports data completeness is fully met, since prices are reported in the 3 level required and no empty fields appear in the reports for either household or non-household final consumers.
The evolution of completeness for annual reports has evolved in a positive way.
Under the derogation granted in the Commision Implementening Decision, annual price reports did not achieve this same level of completeness. In the yearly reports certain fields cannot be determined and are left empty. This provided for the following data completeness ratios in the yearly reports:
Household consumers: 59.7 %
Non-household final consumers: 60.2 %
Overall completeness, taking into account both household and non-household consumers: 60.0 %
Once the derogation expired, the Kingdom of Spain has succesfully adpated to the requirements set in Regulation (EU) 2016/1952. In the annual price reports data completeness is also fully met.
Currently it is estimated that between data provieded by suppliers achieves a +95% completenes ratio. The XML described in point 18.3 (data collection) follow a simple structure and do not allow for not completing certain data. Validation makes sure that data not filled appears as a null value and if this is incosistent with the rest of the information then the Ministry request revision of the submitted data. There is a possibility that information related to bands DE or IG may acciedntly not be submitted, but is is an unlikely occurrence and covered by the vlidation and revision processes. Data coherence is a key factor in this revision: if information in a consumer band is provided for by a supplier in a given period, and not for the next one, this reaise a flag and confirmation of data is asked for.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The main sources of random and systematic error in the statistical outputs are:
Sampling errors: the survey is based in sample, not covering the totality of the target population.
Non-sampling errors: which are made up of coverage errors, measurement errors, non response errors and processing errors.
The potential non-sampling errors mentioned above include:
Coverage error: Over-coverage may occur but it is not possible to estimate.
Measurement error: Reading, calculating or recording errors by the companies in the figures submitted during the survey.
Non response error: Suppliers that do not respond to the survey.
Processing error: Calculating errors by the Ministry in the weighted average by consumption band and typing errors by the Ministry in the data sent to Eurostat.
One of the ways to ensure accuracy in the information sent to Eurostat is the data revision policy and the validations that the Ministry for the Ecological Transition follows and carries out, as described in point "17. Data revision" of this report.
Antoher way that accuracy is guaranteed is throuh the use of the National Security Scheme (ENS), which is the mandatory Information Security Management System (ISMS) for public administrations. The ENS Scheme secures the information systems, their services and their information (including those uses in data gathernig for electricity prices) through five dimensions in which information security is structured:
Confidentiality: Property or characteristic that the information is neither made available nor revealed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes.
Integrity: Property or characteristic that the information asset has not been altered in an unauthorized manner.
Availability: Property or characteristic of assets consisting of authorized entities or processes having access to them when required.
Authenticity: Property or characteristic that an entity is who it claims to be or that it guarantees the source from which the data comes.
Traceability: Property or characteristic that the actions of an entity can be attributed exclusively to that entity.
Although all five dimensions help minimise accuracy related errors, accuracy is also reinforced as a result of guaranteeing the authenticity of the data (information comes from the suppliers that are part of the survey poulation), integrity (information is not only complete but there is certainty that it has not been unduly manipulated) and its availability for data treatment.
13.2. Sampling error
Sampling error is not wholly applicable.
Price data is generated with a large enough statistical population (population sample is made of suppliers that sell to a statiscal population that covers between 90 and 95% of all final consumers between 2022 and 2024), that it is feasible to consider it a whole census. Since the information provided by suppliers is obtained from their internal databases which include all their clients, it can be considered almost a whole census data, rather than sample data.
Nonetheless, a sampling error indicator is provide in the next point of this report.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
There is a sampling error, but it is minimized since it is estimated that the suppliers that make up the survey population cover. In the case of final customers at least 94.02% in 2022 of the population, 95,38% in 2023 and 94.77% in 2024. The minimization of sampling error is achieved thanks to the fact that the sample represents a large enough percentage of the total population to be almost considered information coming from a whole census.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Information is included in the sub-concepts S.13.3.1-S.13.3.5
13.3.1. Coverage error
Coverage error may occur but no estimates or calculations are currently available.
On this issue, we can only referr to the fasct that, as described in the previous quality report, the regulatory change of 2021 mentioned in point "6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements" has had a positive impact.
For 2019 and 2020, the Spanish regulation on electricity price statistics, Orden ITC/606/2011, de 16 de marzo, did not provide a more explicit classification other than household and non-household consumers. Article 1 of the regulation applies to final consumers in general, dividing them into two main categories: household and non-household consumers. This means that every type of household (single person, couples, families, etc.) and non-household consumers (different services, SMEs, big consumers) are reported and taken into account. Taking into account that a high percentage of the population is covered it is considered that all types of household and non-household consumers are well represented in the sample.
From 2021 onwards, the Spanish regulation on electricity price statistics, Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, provides a more explicit classification than preoviously established. Thus household and non-household consumers are differentiated now. Consumers are classified as household or non-household taking into account the information available in the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE). Those consumers that belong to the CNAE groups 97 and 98 are considered household clients, while the rest of the cases are considered non-household clients. In the absence of information realtive to the CNAE group that a customer may belong to, electricity suppliers must assume that consumers are household clients if the capacity included in their supllier contracts is less than or equal to 15 kW.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
As befor, over-coverage may occur but it is not possible to estimate.
On this issue, as mentioned before, we reere once to the information reerenced in the previous quality report. This the regulatory change of 2021 has had a positive effect.
For 2019 and 2020, the Spanish regulation on electricity price statistics, Orden ITC/606/2011, de 16 de marzo, does not provide a more explicit classification other than household and non-household consumers. Article 1 of the regulation applies to final consumers in general, dividing them into two main categories: household and non-household consumers. This means that every type of household (single person, couples, families, etc.) and non-household consumers (different services, SMEs, big consumers) are reported and taken into account. Taking into account that a high percentage of the population is covered it is considered that all types of household and non-household consumers are well represented in the sample.
Form 2021 onwards, the Spanish regulation on electricity price statistics, Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, provides a more explicit classification thatn previously set. Thus household and non-household consumers are differentiated now. Consumers are classified as household or non-household taking into account the information available in the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE). Those consumers that belong to the CNAE groups 97 and 98 are considered household clients, while the rest of the cases are considered non-household clients. In the absence of information relative to the CNAE group that a customer may belong to, electricity suppliers must assume that consumers are household clients if the capacity included in their supllier contracts is less than or equal to 15 kW.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
No administrative sources are used when collecting data for price statistics. The regulation referred to in point 6.2 of this report makes it mandatory for all electricity suppliers to report data on price statistics to the Ministry. Becuase of this, all the information received and processed by the Ministry comes from electricity suppliers, so that 100% of the data is covered by the survey.
13.3.2. Measurement error
The main sources of error in the data are mistakes made while suppliers read, record and, when necessary, calculate data. However, these errors can be considered small.
Also Spanish regulation has included provisions to punish suppliers that, amongst other wrongfull behaviour, engage in breaches of conduct and wrongfully bill their consumers.
While these checks can be considered to be outside the statistical process of data gathering and reporting, they nonetheless have a positive influence on the validity of the data submitted by suppliers.
13.3.3. Non response error
The two main sources of non response error are item non-response and provider non-response.
When analyzing both types of error, one must take into account that non-response error is intrinsically related to data completeness, as referenced previously in point 12.3 and other points of this report, the Kingdom of Spain has approved the Real Decreto Real Decreto 311/2022, de 3 de mayo, por el que se regula el Esquema Nacional de Seguridad.
This regulation sets up the National Security Scheme (ENS), which is the mandatory Information Security Management System (ISMS) for public administrations. The ENS Scheme secures the information systems, their services and their information (including thoose udes in data gathernig for electricity prices) through five dimensions in which information security is structured:
Confidentiality: Property or characteristic that the information is neither made available nor revealed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes.
Integrity: Property or characteristic that the information asset has not been altered in an unauthorized manner.
Availability: Property or characteristic of assets consisting of authorized entities or processes having access to them when required.
Authenticity: Property or characteristic that an entity is who it claims to be or that it guarantees the source from which the data comes.
Traceability: Property or characteristic that the actions of an entity can be attributed exclusively to that entity.
Although all five dimensions help minimise non-response error, the integrity and availability dimensions help underscore the completeness of the information received and used by the Ministry. This completeness helps guarantee that non-res`ponse errors are minimized.
As mentioned before, the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITERD) is in a continuous process of adaptation to the ENS regulation, whose ultimate goal is to achieve an increase in the level of security and maturity of the Ministry's information systems.
As a rule, item non-response is a minimal error since the data validation carried out by the Ministry easily detects inconsistencies in it. Comparisons with preceding reference period data helps detect new information not previously reported, as well as missing information and other similar errors.
Supplier non-response is another error that is taken into account, although it does not have an easy solution. Informal feedback from some suppliers has shown that some of them find that the time they need to extract and review their data is not enough to meet the deadlines set. This error may be overcome with time, since the newer suppliers become used to process deadlines and growing experience helps them be more proficient with data extraction and revision.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
The survey population in the shows the following unit-reponse rates:
For the first semester of 2022:
31 out of the 45 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 68.9% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 14 suppliers that represent 31.1% of those that should have reported data.
37 out of the 45 suppliers for household consumers, representing 82.2% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 8 suppliers that represent 17.8% of those that should have reported data.
For the second semester of 2022:
35 out of the 45 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 77.8% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 10 suppliers that represent 22.2% of those that should have reported data.
35 out of the 45 suppliers for household consumers, representing 77.8% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 10 suppliers that represent 22.2% of those that should have reported data.
For 2022 annual prices:
32 out of the 45 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 71.1% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 13 suppliers that represent 28.9% of those that should have reported data.
37 out of the 45 suppliers for household consumers, representing 82.2% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 8 suppliers that represent 17.8% of those that should have reported data.
For the first semester of 2023:
33 out of the 42 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 78.6% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 9 suppliers that represent 21.4% of those that should have reported data.
35 out of the 42 suppliers for household consumers, representing 83.3% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 7 suppliers that represent 16.7% of those that should have reported data.
For the second semester of 2023:
33 out of the 42 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 78.6% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 9 suppliers that represent 21.4% of those that should have reported data.
37 out of the 42 suppliers for household consumers, representing 88.1% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 5 suppliers that represent 11.9% of those that should have reported data.
For 2023 annual prices:
32 out of the 42 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 76.2% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 10 suppliers that represent 23.8% of those that should have reported data.
36 out of the 42 suppliers for household consumers, representing 85.7% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 6 suppliers that represent 14.3% of those that should have reported data.
For the first semester of 2024:
32 out of the 38 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 84.2% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 6 suppliers that represent 15.8% of those that should have reported data.
33 out of the 38 suppliers for household consumers, representing 86.8% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 5 suppliers that represent 13.2% of those that should have reported data.
For the second semester of 2024:
33 out of the 38 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 86.8% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 5 suppliers that represent 13.2% of those that should have reported data.
33 out of the 38 suppliers for household consumers, representing 86.8% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 5 suppliers that represent 13.2% of those that should have reported data.
For 2024 annual prices
32 out of the 38 suppliers for non-household consumers, representing 84.2% of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 6 suppliers that represent 15.8% of those that should have reported data.
34 out of the 38 suppliers for household consumers, representing 89.5% of the of the suppliers that should have reported data. This means that non-data is coming from 4 suppliers that represent 10.5% of those that should have reported data.
It is important to mention that the 6 largest electricity suppliers in Spain are amongst those that did provide valid data for household and non-household consumers. As previously explained these provide services to at least 93.8 % of the household customers and at least 70 % of the final non-household customers. Therefore, even though unit non-response may at times seem relatively large when only taking into account the number of suppliers, the statistical population covered by those suppliers that did provide data is much larger, when seen from the point of view of the number of final consumers and total energy sold.
One final isssue to take into account when explaining the higher non-response rations in non-household consumers is that, as mentioned in point 3.1, the suppliers that form part of the survey population are established in article 3 of Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril and the criteria used to determine which suppliers are inclkuded is directly but not exclusivelsy related to the size and relevance of the supplier. Ther is another consideration that has relevance and an impact on the survey populations for household and non-household prices. Artcile 3 establishes that a supplier that meets with any of the following criteria will be included in the survey popultation for price statistics:
Be a "comercializadora de referencia" (supplier of last resort).
Have a share on the number of supply points of at least 0,15% for the free/unregulated electricity market.
Have a share of energy supplied in the free/unregulated energy market of at least 1%
In Spain suppliers of last resort almost exclusively have household consumers. Nonetheles, theya re supopliers of last resort and some industrial/non household consumers use them when problems arise with their suppliers. They do not all effectively form part of the survey population that send information on non-houshold consumers, but it is not strange that 2-4 of the 8 suppliers of last resort also provide information for non-household consumers. This is why on the rates shown in this point (and almost an all occassions) non-household unit response rates are lower than those for houshold unit response. However, under certain conditions, non-household consumers may require a supplier of last resort so there is always the pssoibilty that suppliers of last resort do in fact provied information of non-household consumers and unit response rates may be leveled or at least more similar.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
There is no data on item non-response.
While item non-response rate cannot be easily determined, the validity checks described in point "18.4 Data validation of this report" help detect and correct empty information that should have been provided by the supplier and were not.
In particular, once the information is uploaded into the Ministry's application (PRICE) a first series of checks for certain inconsistencies in the data is carried out. These inconsistences may surface in some of the following forms:
Wrong order of magnitude (data introduce in kWh instead of MWh or vice versa, etc.).
New data in bands of consumption that were previously empty, or empty or incomplete data in bands of consumption where the supplier previously had clients.
13.3.4. Processing error
The following processing errors may occur throughout the whole of process of data gathering and reporting:
Data errors in the information provided by suppliers. The measures taken to minimize these errors and their impact are described in point "18.4 Data validation" of this report.
Calculating errors by the Ministry when obtaining the weighted average in each consumption band. These errors are mitigated by an internal revision process carried out by a reviewer.
Typing errors by the Ministry in the files sent to Eurostat, which are similarly mitigated by the double checking procedures described for the previous category of errors.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Electricity suppliers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the electricity price data within 60 days [2 months] after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 81 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 83 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 93 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 81 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 83 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 93 days after the reference period.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 92 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 118 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 115 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 92 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 118 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 100 days after the reference period.
The final version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 115 days after the reference period.
14.2. Punctuality
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period has finished.
In 2022, 2023 and 2024 all first version of the price questionnaires for both household and non-household consumers were delivered on time. For both the 2022, 2023 and 2024 some errors were detectd. Nonetheless, the final version of the reports were also delivered in time.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period has finished.
In 2022, 2023 and 2024 all first version of the price questionnaires for both household and non-household consumers were delivered on time. For both the 2022, 2023 and 2024 some errors were detectd. Nonetheless, the final version of the reports were also delivered in time.
As explained in point "8.1. Release calendar" there is not a preannounced calendar, so no comment on publication punctuality can be added.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Since the Kingdom of Spain has been granted a derogation from producing statistical data for reference years 2017 and 2018 related with Point 5(a) and 5(b) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1952, the price statistic data submitted by Spain follows the former Directive 2008/92/EC and does not follow Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council. (See: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council)
Comparability is thus limited for these years since price components and sub-components for these years do not follow exactly the same criteria as the information that has come after. From 2019 the derogation is no longer in force. From this moment data meets in full the requiremente set in Regulation (EU) 2016/1952, so it is comparable to the data submitted by other countries to Eurostat
Nonetheless, the geographical reference area for the data has been the whole country since the moment electricity price data for Spain has been available, which began in 2003.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
There have not been any changes in the underlying statistical process during the period between 2022 and 2024. The same statistical process and the methodologies empolyed in the data gathering and treatment used have been ithe same for the reference period of this report.
Nonetheles this has not been the case for previous data.
For 2017 and 2018 the Kingdom of Spain was privy to article 1 of the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council. This decision granted the Kingdom of Spain a derogation from producing statistical data for reference years 2017 and 2018 related with Points 5(a) and 5(b) of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2016/1952. This provision affected the three main components and the sub-components on network prices and on taxes, fees, levies and charges for electricity prices, as well as to the three-level breakdown of these electricity prices. Thus, price statistic data submitted by Spain currently follows Directive 2008/92/EC.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Electricity prices data for Spain are comparable since 2003.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Annual prices are coherent with the semestrial prices.
Article 5 of Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril sets the criteria that suppliers that are part of the survey have to use for the data they provide, making sure that data related to volumes of energy and number clients for the annual and biannual prices are coherent.
Data is sent by companies in XML files (see point "18.3 Data collection") to the Ministry using the PRICE application mentioned previously in point "10.3. Dissemination format - online database" of this report.
The reporting process requires that price data is submitted by a valid representative using digital certificate. Furthermore, Excel templates for suppliers are available in the PRICE website in order to make data reporting as simple as possible.
In order to determine the cost and burden of complying with the regulation of price reports, the Standard Cost Model (SCM) is used.
Under current reuglation (Orden TED/456/2021), suppliers who are under the obligation to prived price data face the following administrative burdens:
Providing statistical data by electronic communication.
Keeping book data electronically, in order to collect the necessary information.
According to the Standard Cost Model (SCM) these two administrative burdens have an average unit cost of:
Provision of data though electronic communications: €2
Keeping book data electronically: €150
This unit cost is multiplied by the requency of reports, which is biannual. Therefore, the annual unit cost for any supplier that is under the obligation to report information in the Kingdom of spain is:
Monthly obligations (150 + 2) x 12 = €1,824/year
Biannual obligations (150 + 2) x 2 = €304/year
Taking into account that, approximately, based on the current composition of the electricity market, the number of suppliers that are under the obligation to report price data is approximately forty, the total annual estimated cost is of €85,120/year.
Cost and burden cannot be accuratley estimated for the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge.
17.1. Data revision - policy
Data revision is done internally.
There are two phases in which data is revised. The first phase takes place when raw data is received from suppliers. The processes and checks carried out during this phase are described in point "18 Statistical processing" of this report, in particular point "18.4 Data validation". They can be generally described as:
Completeness and validity check of the information uploaded by each supplier in PRICE
Manual check for inconsistencies and outlier values in the data reported.
Manual comparisons with wholesale market price evolution and with data from previous reference periods. Semester 1 data are revised when submitting semester 2 data for consistency reasons, which also helps validate annual prices.
The second phase is related to the processed data. Any calculations associated with data processing are double-checked by someone different from the person who carries out the procedure. Thus the final output is validated before its remission to Eurostat and its release in any other forum as described in points 8 to 10 of this report.
17.2. Data revision - practice
As stated in point "17.1 Data revision - policy" a series of checks on data and the methods used to process it are carried out before price information is sent to Eurostat. There are not any fixed dates for these revisions since suppliers will not always report following a calendar.
Furthermore, there is another type of revision carried out whenever a supplier informs the Ministry of errors in the data it has previously submitted. These errors can take place before or after the period for data reporting is closed. If the period is still open, the supplier only has to upload the correct data. However, if the period is closed then it has to inform the Ministry of the error and provide the correct data.
This error could even be detected after the Kingdom of Spain has sent to Eurostat its price report, and therefore any corrections that would have to be made would also be sent to Eurostat, even if it is outside Spain's deadline in relation to Eurostat.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Data revision is carried out on all data used in the survey.
When a supplier has informed the Ministry of mistakes and errors on the data it has submitted, the Ministry carries out the same checks and validations on the new information.
18.1. Source data
Data sources for electricity price statistics are electricity suppliers that operate in Spain, as explained in points "3.6 Statistical population" and "6.1 Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements".
Since 2021 the process to determine the statistical population was formally set, following the criteria and processes set under articles 2 and 3 of "Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, por la que se determina el contenido y las condiciones de remisión al Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico de la información sobre los precios aplicados a los consumidores finales de electricidad".
In 2022 the sample population was made up of 45 suppliers.
In 2023 the sample population was made up of 42 suppliers.
In 2024 the sample population was made up of 38 suppliers.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Data collection is carried out by the Kingdom of Spain biannually. Article 7 of Orden TED/456/2021 (see point "6.1 Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements") establishes that before 45 natural days have passed after the end of reference period, electricity suppliers must send price information to the Ministry for the Ecological Transition. Since reference periods cover the semesters of January-June and July-December and the year in question, price data referral is carried out at the latest on the following dates:
August 30th of that same year, for the first semester data.
February 28th of the following year, for both annual and the second semester data.
18.3. Data collection
PRICE is the application that the Ministry for the Ecological Transition uses to gather data from electricity suppliers.
Suppliers must fill a series of questionnaires/templates which they then upload into the PRICE application. These questionnaires are in XML (eXtensible Markup Language) format and the fields included in them are: number of clients, capacity, energy supplied billed for the reference period an prices. The energy billed is divided by components following Directive 2008/92/EC as explained in point "15.1 Comparability - geographical" of this report.
The questionnaires used by suppliers are annexed.
The PRICE application has an item non-response validation on certain of the items. If certain fields in the questionnaires are not filled, when the supplier tries to upload them, this is not allowed by the application and a warning message is sent back. This message details the empty fields that make the questionnaire invalid.
Other validations are carried out after the data has been collected, as described in point 18.4 of this report.
The first phase is a preliminary check that makes sure that the data submitted is in the correct format.
PRICE checks that the supplier has filled the different fields in the XML questionnaires with information that meets the correct requirements. These cover format (such as number/text/etc.) and content (length of text, certain unique values that can only be included in a field, fields that cannot be left empty, etc.). If any error is detected by the application then it is rejected, a warning is sent to the supplier and the error must be corrected and submitted again by the supplier.
The next phase of validation takes place once the data has been uploaded into and accepted by the PRICE application. This next phase checks for certain inconsistencies in the data by comparing it with that submitted by the same supplier on previous occasions. These inconsistencies may surface in some of the following forms:
Wrong order of magnitude (data introduce in kWh instead of MWh or vice versa, etc.).
New data in bands of consumption that were previously empty, or empty or incomplete data in bands of consumption where the supplier previously had clients.
When outlier values such as these are detected, the Ministry asks for clarification and, when necessary, for the supplier to send a new questionnaire with the correct data.
There is another validation in this phase that is done by comparing data from the actual reference period with that of the previous one from that same supplier. Unusually large variations raise a warning flag and clarification and correction may also be asked if these inconsistences are detected. The threshold to establish whether variations are unusually large or not is set at 10% (article 9 of Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril).
Another check that is centred on price evolution is made by comparing final price evolution with other relevant data. This comparison is made between the variation between actual and previous reference period data for one supplier with that same evolution for wholesale electricity market prices.
Finally it is necessary to mention that PRICE leaves open the door for data correction, when errors are detected by the suppliers themselves. While the period for data submission is open, if an error is detected, the supplier only has to upload the correct data once again into the application. If the error is detected at a later date, the supplier gets in contact with the ministry via e-mail.
18.5. Data compilation
Data compilation process is carried out in the following steps.
Once data is received it is validated following the processes and checks and verifications described in point 18.4 of this report. The final data extracted is the price for each of the levels (1,2 and 3, as described in point "3.4 Statistical concepts and definitions" of this report) and total energy supplied by the each respondent (i.e. supplier). Prices and energy are divided by bands of consumption.
Having this data for all suppliers of the statistical population that have responded, then the Ministry proceeds to obtain the weighed price average for each band of consumption using as factor the energy supplied by each supplier in relation to the total amount of energy supplied by all suppliers in that band of consumption.
This process is carried for both biannual and annual prices.
On the one hand, network costs are specifically set by the Spanish NRA and the rest of the concepts previously included in network tariiffs are now set as charges in a different regulation.
Currently all network costs save network losses are included in what is termed as "peajes". Network losses are included in the information suppliers for the "Energy and supply concept". Thus network losses must be extracted for this concept and properly included in the network cost component. From the TSO we reecive information on the precentage of nteowrk losses for different voltages of the grids. We use as a ratio the percentage of losses and apply to the energy and supply componente once all other compeonents and subcompenents have been extracetd form it.
The end result is that annual prices show the following components:
Energy and supply
Network costs (which include network losses)
VAT
Environmental tax: which is the the Special Tax on Electricity
All other taxes, charges, lveies and: which is made up exclusively of the charges, levies, etc.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not available.
18.6. Adjustment
Not available.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not available.
The data this quality report refers to are european statistics on electricity prices for household and non-household final consumers.
1 July 2025
Prices are reported in national currencies per kWh and EUROS per kWh according to different bands of consumption. Since Spain uses EURO as the national currency, prices are directly peroted in EUROS per kWh
For the household sector, these elelcrticty consumption bands are:
DA: customers consuming less than 1000 kWh.
DB: customers consuming 1000 kWh or more but less than 2500 kWh.
DC: customers consuming 2500 kWh or more but less than 5000 kWh.
DD: customers consuming 5000 kWh or more but less than 15000 kWh.
DE: customers consuming 15000 kWh or more.
For the final non-household sector, the bands are:
IA: customers consuming less than 20 MWh.
IB: customers consuming 20 MWh or more but less than 500 MWh.
IC: customers consuming 500 MWh or more but less than 2000 MWh.
ID: customers consuming 2000 MWh or more but less than 20000 MWh.
IE: customers consuming 20000 MWh or more but less than 70000 MWh.
IF: customers consuming 70000 MWh or more but less than 150000 MWh.
IG: customers consuming 150000 MWh or more.
There are 2 different reports depending on whether the information refers to either biannual or annual prices:
1- Biannual prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided into 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: generation, aggregation, balancing energy, supplied energy costs, customer services, after-sales management and other supply costs.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs, and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: Taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to capacity payments, energy security and generation adequacy; taxes on coal industry restructuring; taxes on electricity distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
Nuclear taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the nuclear sector, including nuclear decommissioning, inspections and fees for nuclear installations.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous five categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
Spain had been privy to a derogation granted to Spain by the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018. This was necessary because national regulation did not allow at that moment for a clear identification of all price components and sub-components. The then network tariffs in the Kingdom of Spain covered network costs, a wide range of taxes, charges and other costs related with renewable energy, capacity allocation and other concepts.
When this derogation was granted network costs could be accurately and easily estimated from data provided by suppliers and thus be identified as a separate price component, the same could not be said to the same degree of certainty for thetotality of components and sub-components. Therefore, from 2013 onwards "network costs" could be separately reported but the rest of the concepts, taxes (except VAT and the Spanish Special Tax on Electricity) levies, etc., are incorporated into the "Energy and supply" component. This was the reason for the derogation that was in appliction until 2018. Since then regulation has evolved and has allowed for a more clear information which has in turn helped to correctly identify the differnte compeonents and subcomponents.
Network costs are currently and specifically set by regulation and the rest of the costs are esaily identifiable. Netowrk costs are annually set by the NRA (in 2021 the network cost tariffs were first approved as a diferentiated component in the Resolución de 18 de marzo de 2021, de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia, por la que se establecen los valores de los peajes de acceso a las redes de transporte y distribución de electricidad de aplicación a partir del 1 de junio de 2021). One further consideration related to how netowrk costs are set it that the methodolgy for doing so is established in the norm Circular 3/2020, de 15 de enero, de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia, por la que se establece la metodología para el cálculo de los peajes de transporte y distribución de electricidad.
From 2021 onwards, prices reported in Spain are sent showing the following components:
Energy and supply.
Network costs.
Value added tax (VAT).
Environmental tax: which is the the Special Tax on Electricity
All other taxes, charges, lveies and: which is made up exclusively of the charges, levies, etc.
Spain shows one more distinguishing feature in its price components and sub-components. Electricity producers are subject to a tax on energy generation. When producers take part in any of the available electricity markets, they may internalize the cost of this tax in the prices they offer. Thus electricity consumers may also be affected by this tax, which would also be included in the "Energy and supply" concept even though it is not directly observable nor measurable.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares for the transmission network and the distribution networks. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used calculate the single national electricity prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-DE).
Some of the taxes are refundable. Here is a description of them:
Band
Name of the tax
Component in which it is reported
Recoverable portion of the component
IA
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IB
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IC
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
ID
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IE
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IF
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
IG
Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido (IVA)
Value added taxes (VAT)
100%
In the table below are the taxes reported in "All other taxes", which in Spain includes only the Special Tax on Electricity, which applies to all consumers.
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
Since 2021 the process to determine the statistical population was formally set, following the criteria and processes set under articles 2 and 3 of "Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, por la que se determina el contenido y las condiciones de remisión al Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico de la información sobre los precios aplicados a los consumidores finales de electricidad".
In 2022 the sample population was made up of 45 suppliers, which covered 94.02% of total consumers from the year before.
In 2023 the sample population was made up of 42 suppliers. whihc covered 95.38% of total consumers forme the year before.
In 2024 the sample population was made up of 38 suppliers, which covered 92.77% of total concumers frome the year before.
This data is provided by the Spanish NRA durign the process in whic the Sapinsh Government selects the statiscal poulation of suppliers that will have to provide information for a given year.
The reference area for the data is the whole country.
For biannual prices, the reference periods are from January 1st to June 30th for the firs semester of every year and from July 1st to December 31st for the second semester.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January 1st to December 31st).
The main sources of random and systematic error in the statistical outputs are:
Sampling errors: the survey is based in sample, not covering the totality of the target population.
Non-sampling errors: which are made up of coverage errors, measurement errors, non response errors and processing errors.
The potential non-sampling errors mentioned above include:
Coverage error: Over-coverage may occur but it is not possible to estimate.
Measurement error: Reading, calculating or recording errors by the companies in the figures submitted during the survey.
Non response error: Suppliers that do not respond to the survey.
Processing error: Calculating errors by the Ministry in the weighted average by consumption band and typing errors by the Ministry in the data sent to Eurostat.
One of the ways to ensure accuracy in the information sent to Eurostat is the data revision policy and the validations that the Ministry for the Ecological Transition follows and carries out, as described in point "17. Data revision" of this report.
Antoher way that accuracy is guaranteed is throuh the use of the National Security Scheme (ENS), which is the mandatory Information Security Management System (ISMS) for public administrations. The ENS Scheme secures the information systems, their services and their information (including those uses in data gathernig for electricity prices) through five dimensions in which information security is structured:
Confidentiality: Property or characteristic that the information is neither made available nor revealed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes.
Integrity: Property or characteristic that the information asset has not been altered in an unauthorized manner.
Availability: Property or characteristic of assets consisting of authorized entities or processes having access to them when required.
Authenticity: Property or characteristic that an entity is who it claims to be or that it guarantees the source from which the data comes.
Traceability: Property or characteristic that the actions of an entity can be attributed exclusively to that entity.
Although all five dimensions help minimise accuracy related errors, accuracy is also reinforced as a result of guaranteeing the authenticity of the data (information comes from the suppliers that are part of the survey poulation), integrity (information is not only complete but there is certainty that it has not been unduly manipulated) and its availability for data treatment.
As a general rule, prices are reported to Eursotat in national currency per kWh. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity).Since Spain uses EURO as national currency, prices are reported to Eurostat dircetly in EUROS per kWh
Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
Data compilation process is carried out in the following steps.
Once data is received it is validated following the processes and checks and verifications described in point 18.4 of this report. The final data extracted is the price for each of the levels (1,2 and 3, as described in point "3.4 Statistical concepts and definitions" of this report) and total energy supplied by the each respondent (i.e. supplier). Prices and energy are divided by bands of consumption.
Having this data for all suppliers of the statistical population that have responded, then the Ministry proceeds to obtain the weighed price average for each band of consumption using as factor the energy supplied by each supplier in relation to the total amount of energy supplied by all suppliers in that band of consumption.
This process is carried for both biannual and annual prices.
On the one hand, network costs are specifically set by the Spanish NRA and the rest of the concepts previously included in network tariiffs are now set as charges in a different regulation.
Currently all network costs save network losses are included in what is termed as "peajes". Network losses are included in the information suppliers for the "Energy and supply concept". Thus network losses must be extracted for this concept and properly included in the network cost component. From the TSO we reecive information on the precentage of nteowrk losses for different voltages of the grids. We use as a ratio the percentage of losses and apply to the energy and supply componente once all other compeonents and subcompenents have been extracetd form it.
The end result is that annual prices show the following components:
Energy and supply
Network costs (which include network losses)
VAT
Environmental tax: which is the the Special Tax on Electricity
All other taxes, charges, lveies and: which is made up exclusively of the charges, levies, etc.
Data sources for electricity price statistics are electricity suppliers that operate in Spain, as explained in points "3.6 Statistical population" and "6.1 Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements".
Since 2021 the process to determine the statistical population was formally set, following the criteria and processes set under articles 2 and 3 of "Orden TED/456/2021, de 29 de abril, por la que se determina el contenido y las condiciones de remisión al Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico de la información sobre los precios aplicados a los consumidores finales de electricidad".
In 2022 the sample population was made up of 45 suppliers.
In 2023 the sample population was made up of 42 suppliers.
In 2024 the sample population was made up of 38 suppliers.
Electricity prices in Spain are published on a biannual basis on Eurostat's website.
The data is also published on a binannual basis on IEA's website.
Finally, yearly prices are being published in the Ministry's website without a preannounced calendar.
Electricity suppliers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the electricity price data within 60 days [2 months] after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
Since the Kingdom of Spain has been granted a derogation from producing statistical data for reference years 2017 and 2018 related with Point 5(a) and 5(b) of Regulation (EU) 2016/1952, the price statistic data submitted by Spain follows the former Directive 2008/92/EC and does not follow Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council. (See: Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council)
Comparability is thus limited for these years since price components and sub-components for these years do not follow exactly the same criteria as the information that has come after. From 2019 the derogation is no longer in force. From this moment data meets in full the requiremente set in Regulation (EU) 2016/1952, so it is comparable to the data submitted by other countries to Eurostat
Nonetheless, the geographical reference area for the data has been the whole country since the moment electricity price data for Spain has been available, which began in 2003.
There have not been any changes in the underlying statistical process during the period between 2022 and 2024. The same statistical process and the methodologies empolyed in the data gathering and treatment used have been ithe same for the reference period of this report.
Nonetheles this has not been the case for previous data.
For 2017 and 2018 the Kingdom of Spain was privy to article 1 of the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1734 of 14 November 2018 granting derogations to the Federal Republic of Germany, the Kingdom of Spain, the Italian Republic and the Republic of Cyprus as regards the provision of statistics pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 of the European Parliament and of the Council. This decision granted the Kingdom of Spain a derogation from producing statistical data for reference years 2017 and 2018 related with Points 5(a) and 5(b) of Annex II of Regulation (EU) 2016/1952. This provision affected the three main components and the sub-components on network prices and on taxes, fees, levies and charges for electricity prices, as well as to the three-level breakdown of these electricity prices. Thus, price statistic data submitted by Spain currently follows Directive 2008/92/EC.
