Reference metadata describe statistical concepts and methodologies used for the collection and generation of data. They provide information on data quality and, since they are strongly content-oriented, assist users in interpreting the data. Reference metadata, unlike structural metadata, can be decoupled from the data.
European statistics on electricity prices for household and final non-household customers.
3.2. Classification system
Internal Eurostat classification system based on annual electricity consumption bands and tax levels.
3.3. Coverage - sector
Household sector and final non-household sector (industry, services, offices, agriculture, etc).
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
The prices are reported in national currencies per kWh and according to different bands of consumption.
For the household sector, these bands are:
DA: customers consuming less than 1000 kWh.
DB: customers consuming 1000 kWh or more but less than 2500 kWh.
DC: customers consuming 2500 kWh or more but less than 5000 kWh.
DD: customers consuming 5000 kWh or more but less than 15000 kWh.
DE: customers consuming 15000 kWh or more.
For the final non-household sector, the bands are:
IA: customers consuming less than 20 MWh.
IB: customers consuming 20 MWh or more but less than 500 MWh.
IC: customers consuming 500 MWh or more but less than 2000 MWh.
ID: customers consuming 2000 MWh or more but less than 20000 MWh.
IE: customers consuming 20000 MWh or more but less than 70000 MWh.
IF: customers consuming 70000 MWh or more but less than 150000 MWh.
IG: customers consuming 150000 MWh or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: generation, aggregation, balancing energy, supplied energy costs, customer services, after-sales management and other supply costs.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs, and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: Taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to capacity payments, energy security and generation adequacy; taxes on coal industry restructuring; taxes on electricity distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
Nuclear taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the nuclear sector, including nuclear decommissioning, inspections and fees for nuclear installations.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous five categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculate the single national electricity prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-De).
Some of the taxes are refundable. Here is a description of them:
Band
Name of the tax
component in which it is reported
Recoverable portion of the component
DA-DE
IA-IG
Value added tax
Value added tax
VAT
VAT
100%
100%
The electricity network fee is reimbursed in the amount of 50% to electricity consumers - this is automatically reflected in the electricity bills as a lower cost towards the network service.
Compensation period: October 2021 to December 2021.
3.5. Statistical unit
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
3.6. Statistical population
Household customers: Data coming from 25 suppliers out of 25 and representing 100% of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 55 suppliers out of 55 and representing 100% of the final non-household customers.
3.7. Reference area
The whole country.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Data on Estonian electricity prices are available since 2007.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Prices are reported in national currency per kWh. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity). Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Regulation (EU) 2016/1952 is the legal basis for the collection and reporting of natural gas and electricity price statistics for household and non-household customers.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/803 of 17 May 2019 concerning the technical requirements regarding the content of quality reports on European statistics on natural gas and electricity prices
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
At EU level:
Eurostat does not share the data collected with other organisation appart from its usual dissemination chanel (Eurostat's database, statistic explained articles and press or news release).
At national level:
Data is sent to Eurostat.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
At EU level:
Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 11 March 2009, on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities.
At national level:
The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 32, § 34, § 35, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Published data should not allow identification of single consumers.
The data are published and transmitted without characteristics that permit identification of the respondents, and classified into groups of at least three persons, whereas the share of data relating to each person in aggregate data shall not exceed 90%. The data that permit identification of the respondents are subject to publication and transmission only pursuant to subsection 2.
Data collected by Statistics Estonia that permit identification of the respondents shall be published and transmitted with the written consent of the respondent, unless otherwise stated by law.
Microdata are aggregated to the level necessary for analysis. This includes summation of data according to the classification and calculating various statistical measures, e.g. average, median, dispersion, etc.
8.1. Release calendar
Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. Every year on 1 October, the release times of the statistical database for the following year are announced in the release calendar.
All users have been granted equal access to official statistics: dissemination dates of official statistics are announced in advance and no user category (incl. Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) is provided access to official statistics before other users. Official statistics are first published in the statistical database. If there is also a news release, it is published simultaneously with data in the statistical database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8:00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calendar.
Electricity prices in Estonia are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website.
Data are published on a semestrial basis on the website of Statistics Estonia
A legal person or agency in need of confidential data for scientific purposes shall submit to Statistics Estonia a written application. The processing of applications for the dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes and the counselling of applicants are organised by the Marketing and Dissemination Department of Statistics Estonia pursuant to the stipulated processing procedure. The Confidentiality Council shall consider the substance of the application and make a decision whether the confidential data can be used for scientific purposes within ten working days from the receipt of all documents necessary for the review of the application.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Data serve as input for statistical activity “Consumer price index”.
Instructions on the questionnaire variables (in PDF format) and questionnaire for printing (in PDF format): In Statistics Estonia
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
100%
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Quality reports have not been published.
11.1. Quality assurance
To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the EFQM Excellence Model, the European Statistics Code of Practice and the Quality Assurance Framework of the European Statistical System (ESS QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the requirements in § 7. “Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
Statistics Estonia performs all statistical activities according to an international model (Generic Statistical Business Process Model – GSBPM). According to the GSBPM, the final phase of statistical activities is overall evaluation using information gathered in each phase or sub-process; this information can take many forms, including feedback from users, process metadata, system metrics and suggestions from employees. This information is used to prepare the evaluation report which outlines all the quality problems related to the specific statistical activity and serves as input for improvement actions.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Users’ suggestions and information about taking these into account are available on the website of Statistics Estonia .
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Since 1996, Statistics Estonia has conducted reputation and user satisfaction surveys. All results are available on the website.
12.3. Completeness
In compliance with the rules (regulations).
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
100%
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The type of survey and the data collection methods ensure sufficient coverage and timeliness.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Information is included in the sub-concepts S.13.3.1-S.13.3.5.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
100%
13.3.2. Measurement error
Data are collected and the submission of questionnaires is monitored through eSTAT (the web channel for electronic data submission). The questionnaires have been designed for independent completion in eSTAT and include instructions and controls. The questionnaires and information about data submission are available on Statistics Estonia’s website.
Data are collected with the half-yearly statistical questionnaires “Price of electricity”.
Arithmetic and qualitative controls are used in the validation process, including comparison with other data. Before data dissemination, internal coherence of the data is checked.
Data are collected and the submission of questionnaires is monitored through eSTAT (the web channel for electronic data submission). The questionnaires have been designed for independent completion in eSTAT and include instructions and controls. The questionnaires and information about data submission are available on Statistics Estonia website.
Microdata are aggregated to the level necessary for analysis. This includes summation of data according to the classification and calculating various statistical measures.
The collected data are converted into statistical output. This includes calculating additional variables. The basis of calculating average price is the weighted average price of the previous six months by consumer groups, which end-users have paid in the previous six months for electricity. The amount of used electricity is used as weights.
13.3.3. Non response error
In case of missing or unreliable data, missing values are imputed according to set rules. Variables and statistical units which were not collected but which are necessary for producing output are calculated. New variables are calculated by applying arithmetic conversion to already existing variables. This may be done repeatedly; the derived variable may, in turn, be based on previously derived variables.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Non-response rates.
Period
2022 S1
2022 S2
2023 S1
2023 S2
2024 S1
2024 S2
Unit Non-response rate
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
80 out of 80 suppliers, provided data by all bands– the item non response rate is 0%.
13.3.4. Processing error
First editing and validation process takes place at micro data level. The data editing program is applied to all entered date. All errors are marked and if it is necessary the data are improved together the data producers of enterprises. Second editing and validation process takes place after the aggregations. If unreal estimations or very big changes in comparison with last year are discovered the micro data in certain variable are checked once more to find out the source of error. The coherency of results with previous periods' results is checked.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable.
14.1. Timeliness
Electricity providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the electricity price data within 1 month after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 88 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 89 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2022 was sent 85 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2022 was sent 88 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2023 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2023 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 1st semester of 2024 was sent 89 days after the reference period.
The first version of the electricity price questionnaire for non-households for the 2nd semester of 2024 was sent 90 days after the reference period.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
There is no time lag.
14.2. Punctuality
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period.
Percentage of questionnaires delivered on time is 100%.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
The legal deadline for submitting the questionnaires is the third month after the reference period.
Percentage of questionnaires delivered on time is 100%.
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The data are internationally comparable.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable.
15.2. Comparability - over time
The data are comparable over time.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
The data is comparable since 2007.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable.
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Annual prices are coherent with the semestrial prices.
Cost of statistical activity 11,0 thousand euros (data for 2021).
Total time of filling in reports of the statistical activity, working days:
2022
2023
2024
47,9
46,5
47,1
Average time of filling in the reports, hours per report:
Data on electricity prices are collected from all enterprises which have the licence for the sale of electricity and network services according to the Register of Economic Activities of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and consumers, who buy electricity from power exchange Nord Pool Spot for their own use. List of free consumers of electricity – obtained from the website of Nord Pool Spot).
Prices are collected twice a year, at the beginning of each six-month period (January and July). Prices are calculated on the basis of weighted average prices paid by end-users for electricity over the previous six months. Electricity consumption is used for weights.
Prices are communicated only when there are at least three end-users in each range of consumption.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Half-yearly
18.3. Data collection
Data on electricity prices are collected from all enterprises which have the licence for the sale of electricity and network services according to the Register of Economic Activities of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and consumers, who buy electricity from power exchange Nord Pool Spot for their own use.
Prices are collected twice a year, at the beginning of each six-month period (January and July). Prices are calculated on the basis of weighted average prices paid by end-users for electricity over the previous six months. Electricity consumption is used for weights.
Total population is 80 objects. All objects have been observed. Adminisrative data are not used.
Data are collected and the submission of questionnaires is monitored through eSTAT (the web channel for electronic data submission). The questionnaires have been designed for independent completion in eSTAT and include instructions and controls. The questionnaires and information about data submission are available on Statistics Estonia’s website .
Arithmetic and qualitative controls are used in the validation process, including comparison with other data. Before data dissemination, internal coherence of the data is checked.
18.5. Data compilation
In case of missing or unreliable data, missing values are imputed according to set rules. Variables and statistical units which were not collected but which are necessary for producing output are calculated. New variables are calculated by applying arithmetic conversion to already existing variables. This may be done repeatedly; the derived variable may, in turn, be based on previously derived variables.
The collected data are converted into statistical output. This includes calculating additional variables. The basis of calculating average price is the weighted average price of the previous six months by consumer groups, which end-users have paid in the previous six months for electricity. The amount of used electricity is used as weights.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
No data imputed.
18.6. Adjustment
Not applied.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Seasonable adjustments are not carried out.
European statistics on electricity prices for household and final non-household customers.
2 December 2025
The prices are reported in national currencies per kWh and according to different bands of consumption.
For the household sector, these bands are:
DA: customers consuming less than 1000 kWh.
DB: customers consuming 1000 kWh or more but less than 2500 kWh.
DC: customers consuming 2500 kWh or more but less than 5000 kWh.
DD: customers consuming 5000 kWh or more but less than 15000 kWh.
DE: customers consuming 15000 kWh or more.
For the final non-household sector, the bands are:
IA: customers consuming less than 20 MWh.
IB: customers consuming 20 MWh or more but less than 500 MWh.
IC: customers consuming 500 MWh or more but less than 2000 MWh.
ID: customers consuming 2000 MWh or more but less than 20000 MWh.
IE: customers consuming 20000 MWh or more but less than 70000 MWh.
IF: customers consuming 70000 MWh or more but less than 150000 MWh.
IG: customers consuming 150000 MWh or more.
There exist 2 different levels of disagregation for semestrial and annual prices:
1- Semestrial prices:
These prices are reported twice a year and are divided in 3 levels:
Level 1 prices: prices excluding taxes and levies.
Level 2 prices: prices excluding VAT and other recoverable taxes and levies.
Level 3 prices: prices including all taxes and levies.
2- Annual prices:
These prices are reported once a year together with the data for the second semester and are divided into the following components and taxes:
Energy and supply: generation, aggregation, balancing energy, supplied energy costs, customer services, after-sales management and other supply costs.
Network cost: transmission and distribution tariffs, transmission and distribution losses, network costs, after-sale service costs, system service costs, and meter rental and metering costs.
Value added taxes (VAT): as defined in Council Directive 2006/112/EC.
Renewable taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the promotion of renewable energy sources, energy efficiency and CHP generation.
Capacity taxes: Taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to capacity payments, energy security and generation adequacy; taxes on coal industry restructuring; taxes on electricity distribution; stranded costs and levies on financing energy regulatory authorities or market and system operators.
Environmental taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to air quality and for other environmental purposes; taxes on emissions of CO2 or other greenhouse gases. This component includes the excise duties.
Nuclear taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges relating to the nuclear sector, including nuclear decommissioning, inspections and fees for nuclear installations.
All other taxes: taxes, fees, levies or charges not covered by any of the previous five categories: support for district heating; local or regional fiscal charges; island compensation; concession fees relating to licences and fees for the occupation of land and public or private property by networks or other devices.
In addition to these elements, the network cost is split into the respective shares of transmission and distribution. The relative share of consumption in the different consumption bands is reported by the countries and used to calculate the single national electricity prices (weighted averages for consumer bands IA-IF and DA-De).
Some of the taxes are refundable. Here is a description of them:
Band
Name of the tax
component in which it is reported
Recoverable portion of the component
DA-DE
IA-IG
Value added tax
Value added tax
VAT
VAT
100%
100%
The electricity network fee is reimbursed in the amount of 50% to electricity consumers - this is automatically reflected in the electricity bills as a lower cost towards the network service.
Compensation period: October 2021 to December 2021.
Household and final non-household consumers divided into consumption bands.
Household customers: Data coming from 25 suppliers out of 25 and representing 100% of the household customers.
Final non-household customers: Data coming from 55 suppliers out of 55 and representing 100% of the final non-household customers.
The whole country.
For semestrial prices, the reference periods are from January to June for semester 1 and from July to December for semester 2.
For annual prices, the reference period is the whole calendar year (from January to December).
The type of survey and the data collection methods ensure sufficient coverage and timeliness.
Prices are reported in national currency per kWh. However, Eurostat also calculates and publishes the prices in EURO and PPS (purchasing power parity). Relative shares of sub-component of the network component and consumption volumes are reported in percentages.
In case of missing or unreliable data, missing values are imputed according to set rules. Variables and statistical units which were not collected but which are necessary for producing output are calculated. New variables are calculated by applying arithmetic conversion to already existing variables. This may be done repeatedly; the derived variable may, in turn, be based on previously derived variables.
The collected data are converted into statistical output. This includes calculating additional variables. The basis of calculating average price is the weighted average price of the previous six months by consumer groups, which end-users have paid in the previous six months for electricity. The amount of used electricity is used as weights.
Data on electricity prices are collected from all enterprises which have the licence for the sale of electricity and network services according to the Register of Economic Activities of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications and consumers, who buy electricity from power exchange Nord Pool Spot for their own use. List of free consumers of electricity – obtained from the website of Nord Pool Spot).
Prices are collected twice a year, at the beginning of each six-month period (January and July). Prices are calculated on the basis of weighted average prices paid by end-users for electricity over the previous six months. Electricity consumption is used for weights.
Prices are communicated only when there are at least three end-users in each range of consumption.
Electricity prices in Estonia are published on a semestrial basis on Eurostat's website.
Data are published on a semestrial basis on the website of Statistics Estonia
Electricity providers that participate in the national data collection are requested to provide the electricity price data within 1 month after the reference period. After arrival, the statistical office checks the micro-data for correctness, consistency and completeness and national averages are calculated and reported to Eurostat during the third month after the reference period.
