1.1. Contact organisation
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Unit for statistics of education, science and culture.
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Serbia
1150 Belgrade
st. Milana Rakica 5
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
31 October 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
31 October 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
8 January 2026
3.1. Data description
Statistics on Government Budget Allocations for R&D (GBARD) measure government support to research and development (R&D) activities, and thereby provide information about the priority governments give to different public R&D funding activities. This type of funder-based approach for reporting R&D involves identifying all the budget items that may support R&D activities and measuring or estimating their R&D content.
Main concepts and definitions used for the production of R&D statistics are given by the OECD Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities (FM 2015, Chapter 12), which is the internationally recognised standard methodology for collecting R&D statistics and by Eurostat’s European Business Statistics Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics (EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics).
Since the beginning of 2021, the collection of R&D statistics is based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020.
The Regulation sets the framework for the collection of R&D statistics and specifies the main variables of interest and their breakdowns at predefined level of detail (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (europa.eu).
Statistics on science, technology and innovation were collected until the end of 2020 based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2012/995 concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.
3.2. Classification system
Distribution by socioeconomic objectives (SEO) is based on the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparisons of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS) at one digit level.
3.2.1. National classification
| National nomenclature of SEO used | The main classification used in the GBARD database is the Nomenclature for the analysis and comparison of scientific programmes and budgets (NABS 2007). |
|---|---|
| Correspondence table with NABS | IR10_234_eng.docx |
3.2.2. NABS classification
| Deviations from NABS | No deviation |
|---|---|
| Problems in identifying / separating NABS chapters and sub chapters | No problems |
| Ability to distribute Non-oriented research and General University Funds (GUF) by fields of R&D | Yes |
3.3. Coverage - sector
See below.
3.3.1. General coverage
| Definition of R&D | Frascati Manual definition |
|---|---|
| Coverage of R&D or S&T in general | GBARD statistics cover S&T in general |
| Fields of R&D (FORD) covered | All fields of science according to FORD classification are covered |
| Socioeconomic objective (SEO by NABS) | No deviations |
3.3.2. Definition and coverage of government
GBARD statistics are assumed to report detailed data on all the government's budget items that may support R&D activities and to measure or estimate their R&D content. For the purposes of GBARD, the Government sector comprises (a) the central (federal) government, (b) regional (state) government and (c) local (municipal) government subsectors (FM2015, Chapter 12).
| Levels of government | Definition | Included / Not included | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central (federal) government | Budget for science of the government of Serbia | Included | all ministries |
| Regional (state) government | Budget for science of the government of the province of Vojvodina | Included | Provincial Secretariat for Science and Technological Development |
| Local (municipal) government | Authority organized on witin regions, districts and municipalities | Not included |
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Not requested.
The statistical report on budget allocations for research and development (BIN) is filled out by all direct users of the republican budget participating in the distribution of funds for research and development in the Republic of Serbia.
Reporting units (research and development financiers) present realized budget funds for research and development (after the budget rebalance) and planned budget funds for research and development (pre-rebalance).
Data on budgetary allocations for IR include financing and current and investment expenditures for R&D.
The funds collected are classified according to the fields of research, socio-economic goals and the performance sector.
The purpose of the research and development program or project for which the budget funds are allocated is shown according to the socio-economic goals defined by the Nomenclature for analysis and comparison of scientific programs and budget (NABS 2007). The socio-economic goal is the primary purpose of the funds allocated for research and development set by the OECD.
It is important that the socio-economic objective of a program or project financed is determined by purpose, not by the content of that program or project.
R&D expenditure by type is divided into current expenditures (expenses) and investment expenditures.
Current expenditures (expenditures) include:
- labor costs and costs of benefits to employees (gross salaries and gross wages for all employees in IR activities, other benefits to employees in IR, eg scholarships, awards, etc., and others.
- other current expenses (material costs for research and development work - raw materials, materials, energy, payments based on
Work contracts and copyright contracts; Daily allowances, travel expenses, representation, and the like; And other expenditures).
Investment expenditures include expenditure on land and buildings; Machinery and equipment; Patents, licenses, studies and projects; Software and hardware (which implies the total costs associated with the purchase of computers, devices, systems, components and equipment, as well as the costs of purchasing or developing software for their own needs); And other expenditures.
According to the Frascati manual, the sectors are determined according to the economic activity of the subject engaged in research and development work. Sector definitions are mainly based on the National Accounts System (SNA), with higher education being viewed as a separate sector, while households are merged with the non-profit sector. The decisive criterion for classification in a particular sector is the majority of the funds financed by a business entity.
The non-financial (business) sector includes business entities and organizations whose primary activity is the market production of goods and services and their sale at economically significant prices, as well as research and development units within the business entity.
Higher education includes high schools and universities with units within faculties, faculties, academies and scientific research institutes, regardless of sources of funding and legal status. This sector also belongs to research institutes and clinics under the direct control or administration of a higher education organization.
The government sector includes organizations, services and other bodies, with the exception of higher education, which provide the company with free, common services that could not be provided at market conditions, which are an expression of the economic and social policy of the society; By definition, this sector includes the activities of administration, defense and public order regulation; Health, education, culture, recreation and other social services.
The non-profit sector includes non-market private non-profit organizations that provide services to households at no cost or at a low cost. These organizations may be established by citizens' associations, in order to provide goods and services for members of the association or for general purposes.
The foreign sector includes organizations and individuals located outside the political borders of the country, as well as the relevant land owned by these organizations. Includes all international organizations, including their facilities on the domestic territory. Abroad contributions should not include general contributions to organizations such as the UN, OECD, EU and similar, and should include allocations for all other organizations, such as, among others, CERN, ESA, CGIAR, ESRF, EMBO, IAEA, COST and EUREKA .
3.5. Statistical unit
Ministry, a local government body that finances research and development from budget funds.
3.6. Statistical population
See below.
3.6.1. National target population
The target population is the population for which inferences are made. The frame (or frames, as sometimes several frames are used) is a device that permits access to population units. The frame population is the set of population units, which can be accessed through the frame and the survey data really refer to this population.
| Definition of the national target population | Government sector - all institutions (direct beneficiaries of budgetary funds) that financed during the year or will in the next year finance R & D activities - direct beneficiaries of the republican budget participating in the distribution of funds for research and development in the Republic of Serbia. |
|---|---|
| Estimation of the target population size | The target population is all units known to perform R&D from budget funds to some extent. |
3.7. Reference area
Republic of Serbia (without data for Kosovo and Metohija).
3.8. Coverage - Time
See point 5.
3.9. Base period
The base year for the unit Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) and PPS per inhabitant at constant prices is currently 2005. All calculations of non-basic unit (national currencies) are done by Eurostat.
Thousands of RSD
Calendar year.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
See below.
6.1.1. European legislation
Since the beginning of 2021, GBARD statistics are based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics. The Regulation sets the framework for the collection of R&D statistics and specifies the main variables of interest and their breakdowns at predefined level of detail. GBARD statistics were based until the end of 2020 on the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2012/995 concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.
6.1.2. National legislation
The Official Statistics Law („Official Gazette of the RS“, No. 104/09) specifies the legal framework for the production and dissemination of official statistics and also for the organization of the system of official statistics of the Republic of Serbia. Nevertheless, the Official Statistics Law, together with the five-year Statistical Programme over the period 2021 – 2025 and the annual implementation plans, provides the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (SORS) with a clear and broad legal mandate to collect and access the data needed for the execution of the Statistical Programme and the Implementation Plan.
In addition, pursuant to Article 18, paragraph 2 of the Law on Official Statistics (“Official Gazette of the RS”, No 104/09) and Article 42, paragraph 1 of the Law on Government Administration (“Official Gazette of the RS” No 55/05, 71/05‐corrigendum, 101/07, 65/08, 16/11, 68/2012 - decision of the Constitutional Court, 72/2012, 7/2014 - decision of the Constitutional Court, 44/2014 и 30/2018 - other law ), the Government adopts every year a regulation that defines the plan for official statistics.
6.1.3. Standards and manuals
- Frascati Manual 2015, Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development.
- EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia has an agreement on cooperation with a large number of organizations and institutions, both nationally and internationally, with which it exchanges information, data and experiences.
There is also intensive cooperation between different organizational units within the Institute itself.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Confidentiality, being one of the process quality components, concerns the privacy of data providers (households, enterprises, administrations and other respondents), the confidentiality of the information they provide and the extent of its use for statistical purposes.
A property of data indicating the extent to which their unauthorised disclosure could be prejudicial or harmful to the interest of the source or other relevant parties.
- Confidentiality protection required by law:
Pursuant to Article 46 of the Law on Official Statistics (“Official Gazette of RS”, number 104/09), Articles 7 and 35 of the Law on Government Administration (“Official Gazette of RS ”, No 79/05, 101/07, 95/2010, 99/2014, 47/2018 and 30/2018 - other law) and Articles 9, 15, 16 and 18 of the Law on Free Access to Information of Public Interest (“Official Gazette of RS”, No120/04, 54 /07 104/09, 36/10 and 105/21), Director of the SORS hereby adopt Rulebook on statistical data protection in the statistical office of the Republic of Serbia. The Rulebook lays down the measures to be implemented so as to protect data and information in the SORS.
In addition, Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
- Confidentiality commitments of survey staff:
The protection of secret data and documents shall be done in accordance with the Law on Data Secrecy. Confidential data from Article 3 of the Rulebook are considered official secret and cannot be published or communicated, that is, they cannot be part of aggregated data from which individual data can be identified. Individual data can be given only to the owner of those data. Only the employees of the Office authorized by decision of the Director of the Office shall have access to confidential data from administrative sources.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Individual data can be given only to the owner of those data. Only the employees of the Office authorized by decision of the Director of the Office shall have access to confidential data from administrative sources.
Also, if SORS transmits data with a confidentiality flag or an embargo date, these data are not disseminated until the confidentiality flag is lifted in a subsequent data transmission or the embargo expired.
8.1. Release calendar
This indicator is available on the last day of June in the Statistical Release on the website of the SORS.
8.2. Release calendar access
External users can find the exact date of publication in the calendar located on the Institute's website.
8.3. Release policy - user access
External users can find information in the Bulletin on the SORS's website.
In line with the Community legal framework and the European Statistics Code of Practice Eurostat disseminates European statistics on Eurostat's website respecting professional independence and in an objective, professional and transparent manner in which all users are treated equitably. The detailed arrangements are governed by the Eurostat protocol on impartial access to Eurostat data for users.
Annual.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
See below.
10.1.1. Availability of the releases
| Availability (Y/N)1 | Content, format, links, ... | |
|---|---|---|
| Regular releases | Y | Statistical Release: " Budget allocations for science Availability of Publications |
| Ad-hoc releases | N |
1) Y - Yes, N – No
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
See below.
10.2.1. Availability of means of dissemination
| Means of dissemination | Availability (Y/N)1 | Content, format, links, ... |
|---|---|---|
| General publication/article (paper, online) |
Y | Statistical Release: " Budget allocations for science Statistical Release on GBARD |
| Specific paper publication (paper, online) |
N |
1) Y – Yes, N - No
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not available
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
See below.
10.4.1. Provisions affecting the access
| Access rights to the information | All agregated data are public available but Micro-data are accessible on demand (filling in Form of the request for the use of micro-data in scientific-research needs) of user/researcher and special approved by Collegium of directors |
|---|---|
| Access cost policy | Free of charge |
| Micro-data anonymisation rules | Available at the request of international organizations, researchers, etc. The request must be sent to the dissemination group (to the official email address: stat@stat.gov.rs ) which will start the process of creating a cooperation agreement after receiving the approval of the top management. |
10.5. Dissemination format - other
See below.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not requested.
10.5.2. Availability of other dissemination means
| Dissemination means | Availability (Y/N)1 | Micro-data / Aggregate figures | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internet: main results available on the national statistical authority’s website | Y | Aggregated figures | |
| Data prepared for individual ad hoc requests | Y | Additional processing of data is done if necessary for making analysis, studies, reports, policy papers | |
| Other |
1) Y – Yes, N - No
10.6. Documentation on methodology
All methodological isues are available in the national language: Documentation on Methodology
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not available.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
See below.
10.7.1. Documentation and users’ requests
| Type(s) of data accompanying information available (metadata, graphs, etc.) | Questionnaire, short methodology, Guidelines |
|---|---|
| Request on further clarification | No requests |
| Measure to increase clarity | No measures |
| Impression of users on the clarity of the accompanying information to the data | Pretty good impression |
11.1. Quality assurance
Quality is provided by strict implementation of definitions and conceptual frameworks of European Statistics, Fractional methodology and through validation of data. Major deviations and inconsistencies were not observed.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
National methodology has been done according to Frascati Manual, There were no deviations. It is comparable with othet countries
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
See below.
12.1.1. Needs at national level
| Users’ class1 | Description of users | Users’ needs |
| 1 | Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development | No unmet user needs for this indicator. |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | State agencies dealing with science | |
| 1 | Numerous institutes | |
| 4 6 4 3 1 |
Researches NGOs Students Journalists International institutions |
1) Users' class codification
1- Institutions:
- European level: Commission (DGs, Secretariat General), Council, European Parliament, ECB, other European agencies etc.
- in Member States, at the national or regional level: Ministries of Economy or Finance, other ministries (for sectoral comparisons), National Statistical Institutes and other statistical agencies (norms, training, etc.), and
- International organisations: OECD, UN, IMF, ILO, etc.
2- Social actors: Employers’ associations, trade unions, lobbies, among others, at the European, national or regional level.
3- Media: International or regional media – specialized or for the general public – interested both in figures and analyses or comments. The media are the main channels of statistics to the general public.
4- Researchers and students (Researchers and students need statistics, analyses, ad hoc services, access to specific data.)
5- Enterprises or businesses (Either for their own market analysis, their marketing strategy (large enterprises) or because they offer consultancy services)
6- Other (User class defined for national purposes, different from the previous classes.)
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
To evaluate if users' needs have been satisfied, the best way is to use user satisfaction surveys.
12.2.1. National Surveys and feedback
| Conduction of a user satisfaction survey or any other type of monitoring user satisfaction | Up to now SORS didn't use user satisfaction surveys, but we plan to do so in the future. The national data delivered to the internationally requested data on the Eurostat/OECD harmonised R&D data collection |
|---|---|
| User satisfaction survey specific for GBARD statistics | Practically there are no deviations in the classification of major fields of science and technology or variable deviations because the methodology is completely in line with Frascati methodology. |
| Short description of the feedback received | Statistical Office conducts the Survey on user satisfaction generally, not for particular indicator. |
12.3. Completeness
See below.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not applicable
12.3.2. Completeness - overview
Completeness is assessed via comparison of the data delivered against the requirements of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197.
| 5 (Very Good) |
4 (Good) |
3 (Satisfactory) |
2 (Poor) |
1 (Very poor) |
Reasons for missing cells | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional budget statistics1 | X | |||||
| Obligatory final budget statistics1 | X | |||||
| Optional final budget statistics2 | X |
1) Criteria: Obligatory data (provisional budget and final budget). Only 'Very Good' = 100% and 'Very Poor' <100% apply.
2) Criteria: Optional data (final budget). 'Very Good' = 100%; 'Good' = >75%;'Satisfactory' 50 to 75%%; 'Poor' 25 to 50%; 'Very Poor' 0 to 25%.
12.3.3. Data availability
See below.
12.3.3.1. Data availability – Provisional data
| Availability1 | Frequency of data collection | Gap years – years with missing data | Time of compilation (T+x)2 | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total GBARD | Y from 2013 | annually | T+9 | ||
| NABS Chapter level | Y from 2013 | annually | T+9 | ||
| NABS Sub-chapter level | N | ||||
| Special categories - Biotech | N | ||||
| Special categories - Nanotech | |||||
| Special categories - Security | N |
1) Availability of the data: N: No, data are not available, Y: Yes, data are available + start year.
2) Time of compilation: T is assumed to represent the end of reference period, x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is compiled
12.3.3.2. Data availability – Final data
| Availability1 | Frequency of data collection | Gap years – years with missing data | Time of compilation (T+x)2 | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total GBARD | Y from 2013 | annually | T+9 | ||
| NABS Chapter level | Y from 2013 | annually | T+9 | ||
| NABS Sub-chapter level | N | ||||
| Special categories - Biotech | N | ||||
| Special categories - Nanotech | |||||
| Special categories - Security | N |
1) Availability of the data: N: No, data are not available, Y: Yes, data are available + start year.
2) Time of compilation: T is assumed to represent the end of reference period, x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is compiled
12.3.3.3. Data availability – Other special categories
| Special categories | Stage1 | Availability1 | Frequency of data colletion | Gap years – years with missing data | Time of compilation (T+x)3 | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not applicable | ||||||
| Not applicable | ||||||
| Not applicable | ||||||
| Not applicable | ||||||
| Not applicable | ||||||
| Not applicable |
1) Stage: P - provisional, F - final.
2) Availability of the data: No, data are not available, Y: Yes, data are available + start year.
3) Time of compilation: T is assumed to represent the end of reference period, x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is compiled
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Accuracy in the statistical sense denotes the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values. Statistics are not equal with the true values because of variability (the statistics change from implementation to implementation of the survey due to random effects) and bias (the average of the possible values of the statistics from implementation to implementation is not equal to the true value due to systematic effects).
Several types of statistical errors occur during the survey process. The following typology of errors has been adopted:
- Sampling errors. These only affect sample surveys. They are due to the fact that only a subset of the population, usually randomly selected, is enumerated.
- Non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors affect sample surveys and complete enumerations alike and comprise:
-
- Coverage errors,
- Measurement errors,
- Non response errors and
- Processing errors.
Model assumption errors should be treated under the heading of the respective error they are trying to reduce.
13.1.1. Accuracy - Overall by 'Types of Error'
| Sampling errors | Non-sampling errors1) | Model-assumption Errors1) | Perceived direction of the error2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coverage errors | Measurement errors | Processing errors | Non response errors | |||
| Not applicable (census method is used). | ||||||
1) Ranking of the type(s) of errors that result in over/under-estimation, from the most important source of error (1) to the least important source of error (5) In the event that errors of a particular type do not exist, is used the sign ‘-‘.
2) The perceived direction of the ‘overall’ error using the signs “+” for over estimation, “-” for under estimation and “+/-” when assumption of the direction of the error cannot be made for GBARD.
13.1.2. Assessment of the accuracy
| Indicators | 5 (Very Good)1 | 4 (Good)2 | 3 (Satisfactory)3 | 2 (Poor)4 | 1 (Very poor)5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GBARD | X | ||||
| National public funding to transnationally coordinated R & D | X |
1) High level of coverage (At least all national or federal ministries and the ministries and agencies responsible for R&D funding at state or regional level). High rate of response (>90%) in data collection. All figures broken down by NABS.
2) If at least one out of the three criteria described above would not be fully met.
3) In the event that the rate of response would be lower than 80% even by meeting the two remaining criteria.
4) In the event that the average rate of response would be lower than 70% and at least one of the two remaining criteria would not be met.
5) If all the three criteria described above are not met.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not applicable.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Non-sampling errors occur in all phases of a survey. They add to the sampling errors (if present) and contribute to decreasing overall accuracy. It is important to assess their relative weight in the total error and devote appropriate resources for their control and assessment.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Coverage errors are due to divergences between the target population and the frame population. The frame population is the set of target population members that has a chance to be selected into the survey sample. It is a listing of all items in the population from which the sample is drawn that contains contact details as well as sufficient information to perform stratification and sampling.
- Description/assessment of coverage errors: Not applicable.
- Measures taken to reduce their effect: Not applicable.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested.
Not applicable
13.3.2. Measurement error
Measurement errors occur during data collection and generate bias by recording values different than the true ones. The survey questionnaire used for data collection may have led to the recording of wrong values.
- Description/assessment of measurement errors: Not applicable.
- Measures taken to reduce their effect:
13.3.3. Non response error
Non response errors: occur when a survey failed to collect data on all survey variables from all the population units designated for data collection in a sample or complete enumeration.
- Problems in obtaining data from targeted information providers: Full coverage
- Measures taken to reduce their effect:
- Effect of non-response errors on the produced statistics:
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not requested.
Not applicable
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not requested.
Not applicable
13.3.4. Processing error
Between data collection and the beginning of statistical analysis, data must undergo a certain processing: coding, data entry, data editing, imputation, etc. Errors introduced at these stages are called processing errors. Data editing identifies inconsistencies or errors in the data.
- Data processing and editing processes: Not applicable
- Description of errors:
- Measures taken to reduce their effect:
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Model assumption errors occur when the assumptions made for the estimation of parameters, models, the testing of statistical hypotheses, etc., are violated. As a result, the quality of the resulting statistics is affected (e.g. degrees of confidence might be inflated).
Description/assessment: Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Timeliness and punctuality refer to time and dates, but in a different manner: the timeliness of statistics reflects the length of time between their availability and the event or phenomenon they describe. Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of the data and the target date on which they should have been delivered, with reference to dates announced in the official release calendar.
According to the Transmission Programme, annual data should be transmitted to Eurostat within 6 months after the end of the reference year, as previous data (T+6), and T+12 month, as final data. National data аrе published in T + 6 interval as final.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Date of first release of national data: Not applicable.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Date of first release of national data: Not applicable.
14.2. Punctuality
Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of data and the target date on which they were scheduled for release as announced officially.
All deadlines for data publishing are fully respected: 06/29
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Punctuality of time schedule of data release = (Actual date of the data release) - (Scheduled date of the data release)
T+6
14.2.1.1. Deadline and date of data transmission
| Transmission of provisional data | Transmission of final data | |
|---|---|---|
| Legally defined deadline of data transmission (T+_ months) | 6 | 12 |
| Actual date of transmission of the data (T+x months) | 6 | 12 |
| Delay (days) | no delay | no delay |
| Reasoning for delay | Not applicable | Not applicable |
15.1. Comparability - geographical
See below.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.1.2. Survey Concepts Issues
The following table lists a number of key survey concepts and conceptual issues; it gives reference to the Commission Regulation No 2020/1197, Frascati manual and the EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics paragraphs with recommendations about these concepts / issues.
| Concept / Issue | Reference to recommendations | Deviation from recommendations | National definition / Treatment / Deviations from recommendations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Research and development | FM2015 Chapter 2 (mainly paragraphs 2.3 and 2.4). | No deviation | |
| Coverage of levels of government | FM2015, §12.5 to 12.9 | No deviation | |
| Socioeconomic objectives coverage and breakdown | Reg. 2020/1197: Annex 1, Table 20 | No deviation | |
| Reference period | Reg. 2020/1197: Annex 1, Table 20 | No deviation |
15.1.3. Deviations from recommendations
GBARD encompass all spending allocations met from sources of government revenue foreseen within the budget, such as taxation. Spending allocations by extra-budgetary government entities are within the scope only to the extent that their funds are allocated through the budgetary process (FM2015 §12.9). The following table lists a number of key methodological issues, which may affect the international comparability of national GBARD statistics.
| Methodological issues | Reference to recommendations | Deviation from recommendations | National definition / Treatment / Deviations from recommendations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definition of GBARD | FM § 12.9 | No deviation | |
| Stages of data collection | FM2015 §12.41 | No deviation | |
| Gross / net approach, net principle | FM2015 §12.20 and 12.21 | No deviation | |
| EU/other funds | Eurostat's EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics | included | |
| Types of expenditure | FM2015 §12.15 to 12.18 | No deviation | |
| Current and capital expenditure | FM §12.15 | included | |
| Extra budgetary funds | FM §12.8, 12.20, 12.38 | included | |
| Loans | FM §12.31, 12.32, 12.34 | No deviation | |
| Indirect funding, tax rebates, etc. | FM §12.31 - 12.38 | No deviation | |
| Treatment of multi-annual projects | FM2015 §12.44 | No deviation | |
| Treatment of GBARD going to R&D abroad | FM2015 §12.19 | No deviation | |
| Criterion for distribution by socioeconomic objective | FM2015 §12.50 to 12.71 | No deviation | |
| Method of identification of primary objective | Eurostat's EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics, topic 2, statement B.6 | No deviation |
15.2. Comparability - over time
See below.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
See below.
15.2.2. Breaks in time series
| Length of comparable time series | Break years1 | Nature of the breaks | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provisional data | From 2013. year | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Final data | From 2013. year | Not applicable | Not applicable |
1) Breaks years are years for which data are not fully comparable to the previous period.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
GERD data are based on reports by R&D performers, whereas GBARD is based on reports by funders;
the GERD-based series cover only R&D performed on national territory, whereas GBAORD also includes payments to foreign performers, including international organisations
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable.
15.4. Coherence - internal
This part compares GBARD statistics from the provisional and final budget for the reference year. Not applicable.
15.4.1. Comparison between provisional and final data according to NABS 2007
| R&D allocations in the provisional budget delivered at T+6 | R&D allocations in the final budget delivered at T+12 | Difference (of final data) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exploration and exploitation of the Earth | Not applicable | 246157 | Not applicable |
| Environment | Not applicable | 1061923 | Not applicable |
| Exploration and exploitation of space | Not applicable | 130196 | Not applicable |
| Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures | Not applicable | 549631 | Not applicable |
| Energy | Not applicable | 345549 | Not applicable |
| Industrial production and technology | Not applicable | 4781015 | Not applicable |
| Health | Not applicable | 3052364 | Not applicable |
| Agriculture | Not applicable | 2924529 | Not applicable |
| Education | Not applicable | 1482360 | Not applicable |
| Culture, recreation, religion and mass media | Not applicable | 1206837 | Not applicable |
| Political and social systems, structures and processes | Not applicable | 1684413 | Not applicable |
| General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF) | Not applicable | 6555150 | Not applicable |
| General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources than GUF | Not applicable | 7171815 | Not applicable |
| Defence | Not applicable | 578108 | Not applicable |
| TOTAL GBARD | Not applicable | 31770047 | Not applicable |
The assessment of costs associated with a statistical product is a rather complicated task since there must exist a mechanism for appointing portions of shared costs (for instance shared IT resources and dissemination channels) and overheads (office space, utility bills etc). The assessment must become detailed and clear enough so that international comparisons among agencies of different structures are feasible. Not available
16.1. Costs summary
| Costs for the statistical authority (in national currency) | % sub-contracted1) | |
|---|---|---|
| Staff costs | Not applicable | |
| Data collection costs | Not applicable | |
| Other costs | Not applicable | |
| Total costs | Not applicable | |
| Comments on costs | ||
| The survey does not require costs for conduction. | ||
1) The shares of the figures given in the first column that are accounted for by payments to private firms or other Government agencies.
16.2. Components of burden and description of how these estimates were reached
| Value | Computation method | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Respondents (R) | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Average Time required to complete the questionnaire in hours (T)1 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Average hourly cost (in national currency) of a respondent (C) | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Total cost | Not applicable | Not applicable |
1) T = the time required to provide the information, including time spent assembling information prior to completing a form or taking part in interview and the time taken up by any subsequent contacts after receipt of the questionnaire (‘Re-contact time’)
17.1. Data revision - policy
National data on investments are revised according to national schedule. General Revision Policy as an official document is available on the SORS website. Revised data are available at SORS online database as soon as they become validated.
17.2. Data revision - practice
The published data should be regarded as final, unless otherwise stated. Corrections and revisions might occur.
Major changes in methodology are usually announced in advance and users are informed of revisions and major changes in methodology on the SORS website.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not requested.
18.1. Source data
- Provisional data: sent to Eurostat after data collection and analysis, by 30 June
- Final data:
- Government institutions that actvely participate in the implementing national research policy and financing R&D from budget (ministries).
- Adopted budget and budget after the rebalance.
- General University Funds (GUF):
18.2. Frequency of data collection
See 12.3.3.
18.3. Data collection
See below.
18.3.1. Data collection overview
| Provisional data | Final data | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data collection method | Dedicated survey (questionnaire) | Dedicated survey (questionnaire) | |
| Stage of data collection | Actual outlays (money paid out during the year). | Budget proposal (figures presented to the parliament for the coming year). | |
| Reporting units | government institutions that actvely participate in the implementing national research policy and financing R&D from budget (ministries). | government institutions that actvely participate in the implementing national research policy and financing R&D from budget (ministries). | |
| Basic variable | According to the FM (§487), GBAORD includes both appropriations (DOTACIJE, SUBVENCIJE) and outlays (PROJEKTI, ROGRAMI). Stages for collecting final and provisional budget data are actual outlays (money paid out during the year). | According to the FM (§487), GBAORD includes both appropriations (DOTACIJE, SUBVENCIJE) and outlays (PROJEKTI, ROGRAMI). Stages for collecting final and provisional budget data are actual outlays (money paid out during the year). | |
| Time of data collection (T+x)1) | T+6 | T+6 | |
| Problems in the translation of budget items | |||
1) Time of data collection (T+x): T is assumed to represent the end of reference period. x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is collected.
18.3.2. General University Funds (GUF)
From Ministry of education; The funds that the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development earmarked for research and development at the higher education sector. These are general university funds which include covering the costs of scientific and research work and the work of teachers and staff of higher education institutions in graduate school.
18.3.3. Distribution by socioeconomic objectives (SEO)
| Level of distribution of budgetary items – institution or programme/project | Project oriented |
|---|---|
| Criterion of distribution – purpose or content | According to the purpose of the R&D programme or project |
| Method of identification of primary objectives | Direct derivation |
| Difficulties of distribution | No difficulties |
18.3.4. Questionnaire and other documents
| Annex | Name of the file |
|---|---|
| GBARD national questionnaire and explanatory notes in English: | GBARD Survey in English |
| GBARD national questionnaire and explanatory notes in the national language: | GBARD Survey in National Language |
| Other relevant documentation of national methodology in English: | Instructions for Filling in the GBARD Data Annex Classification of Fields of Research |
| Other relevant documentation of national methodology in the national language: | Methodological Notes in Serbian |
18.4. Data validation
Data on expenditures for science are checked for accuracy and completeness. Transmitted figures are screened both internally, by SORS and externally, by Eurostat.
18.5. Data compilation
See below.
Not applicable
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable
18.5.2. Data compilation methods
See below.
Not applicable
18.5.2.1. Identifying R&D
| Method(s) of separating R&D from non-R&D | Not applicable |
|---|---|
| Description of the use of the coefficient (if applicable) | Not applicable |
| Coefficient estimation method | Not applicable |
| Frequency of updating of coefficients | Not applicable |
18.5.2.2. General University Funds (GUF)
| Method(s) of separating R&D from non-R&D | Not applicable |
|---|---|
| Description of the use of the coefficient (if applicable) | Not applicable |
| Coefficient estimation method | Not applicable |
| Frequency of updating of coefficients | Not applicable |
18.5.2.3. Other issues
| Treatment of multi-annual programmes | No |
|---|---|
| Possibility to classify budgetary items by COFOG functions | No |
| Possibility to classify budgetary items by other nomenclatures e.g. NACE | No |
| Method of estimation of future budgets | No |
18.6. Adjustment
Not requested.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not requested.
No comments.
Statistics on Government Budget Allocations for R&D (GBARD) measure government support to research and development (R&D) activities, and thereby provide information about the priority governments give to different public R&D funding activities. This type of funder-based approach for reporting R&D involves identifying all the budget items that may support R&D activities and measuring or estimating their R&D content.
Main concepts and definitions used for the production of R&D statistics are given by the OECD Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities (FM 2015, Chapter 12), which is the internationally recognised standard methodology for collecting R&D statistics and by Eurostat’s European Business Statistics Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics (EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics).
Since the beginning of 2021, the collection of R&D statistics is based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020.
The Regulation sets the framework for the collection of R&D statistics and specifies the main variables of interest and their breakdowns at predefined level of detail (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (europa.eu).
Statistics on science, technology and innovation were collected until the end of 2020 based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2012/995 concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.
8 January 2026
Not requested.
The statistical report on budget allocations for research and development (BIN) is filled out by all direct users of the republican budget participating in the distribution of funds for research and development in the Republic of Serbia.
Reporting units (research and development financiers) present realized budget funds for research and development (after the budget rebalance) and planned budget funds for research and development (pre-rebalance).
Data on budgetary allocations for IR include financing and current and investment expenditures for R&D.
The funds collected are classified according to the fields of research, socio-economic goals and the performance sector.
The purpose of the research and development program or project for which the budget funds are allocated is shown according to the socio-economic goals defined by the Nomenclature for analysis and comparison of scientific programs and budget (NABS 2007). The socio-economic goal is the primary purpose of the funds allocated for research and development set by the OECD.
It is important that the socio-economic objective of a program or project financed is determined by purpose, not by the content of that program or project.
R&D expenditure by type is divided into current expenditures (expenses) and investment expenditures.
Current expenditures (expenditures) include:
- labor costs and costs of benefits to employees (gross salaries and gross wages for all employees in IR activities, other benefits to employees in IR, eg scholarships, awards, etc., and others.
- other current expenses (material costs for research and development work - raw materials, materials, energy, payments based on
Work contracts and copyright contracts; Daily allowances, travel expenses, representation, and the like; And other expenditures).
Investment expenditures include expenditure on land and buildings; Machinery and equipment; Patents, licenses, studies and projects; Software and hardware (which implies the total costs associated with the purchase of computers, devices, systems, components and equipment, as well as the costs of purchasing or developing software for their own needs); And other expenditures.
According to the Frascati manual, the sectors are determined according to the economic activity of the subject engaged in research and development work. Sector definitions are mainly based on the National Accounts System (SNA), with higher education being viewed as a separate sector, while households are merged with the non-profit sector. The decisive criterion for classification in a particular sector is the majority of the funds financed by a business entity.
The non-financial (business) sector includes business entities and organizations whose primary activity is the market production of goods and services and their sale at economically significant prices, as well as research and development units within the business entity.
Higher education includes high schools and universities with units within faculties, faculties, academies and scientific research institutes, regardless of sources of funding and legal status. This sector also belongs to research institutes and clinics under the direct control or administration of a higher education organization.
The government sector includes organizations, services and other bodies, with the exception of higher education, which provide the company with free, common services that could not be provided at market conditions, which are an expression of the economic and social policy of the society; By definition, this sector includes the activities of administration, defense and public order regulation; Health, education, culture, recreation and other social services.
The non-profit sector includes non-market private non-profit organizations that provide services to households at no cost or at a low cost. These organizations may be established by citizens' associations, in order to provide goods and services for members of the association or for general purposes.
The foreign sector includes organizations and individuals located outside the political borders of the country, as well as the relevant land owned by these organizations. Includes all international organizations, including their facilities on the domestic territory. Abroad contributions should not include general contributions to organizations such as the UN, OECD, EU and similar, and should include allocations for all other organizations, such as, among others, CERN, ESA, CGIAR, ESRF, EMBO, IAEA, COST and EUREKA .
Ministry, a local government body that finances research and development from budget funds.
See below.
Republic of Serbia (without data for Kosovo and Metohija).
Calendar year.
Accuracy in the statistical sense denotes the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values. Statistics are not equal with the true values because of variability (the statistics change from implementation to implementation of the survey due to random effects) and bias (the average of the possible values of the statistics from implementation to implementation is not equal to the true value due to systematic effects).
Several types of statistical errors occur during the survey process. The following typology of errors has been adopted:
- Sampling errors. These only affect sample surveys. They are due to the fact that only a subset of the population, usually randomly selected, is enumerated.
- Non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors affect sample surveys and complete enumerations alike and comprise:
-
- Coverage errors,
- Measurement errors,
- Non response errors and
- Processing errors.
Model assumption errors should be treated under the heading of the respective error they are trying to reduce.
Thousands of RSD
See below.
Not applicable
- Provisional data: sent to Eurostat after data collection and analysis, by 30 June
- Final data:
- Government institutions that actvely participate in the implementing national research policy and financing R&D from budget (ministries).
- Adopted budget and budget after the rebalance.
- General University Funds (GUF):
Annual.
Timeliness and punctuality refer to time and dates, but in a different manner: the timeliness of statistics reflects the length of time between their availability and the event or phenomenon they describe. Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of the data and the target date on which they should have been delivered, with reference to dates announced in the official release calendar.
According to the Transmission Programme, annual data should be transmitted to Eurostat within 6 months after the end of the reference year, as previous data (T+6), and T+12 month, as final data. National data аrе published in T + 6 interval as final.
See below.
See below.
