1.1. Contact organisation
Agency for statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Business Statistics Sector – Department for Industry and Construction Statistics
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Zelenih beretki 26, 71 000 - Sarajevo
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
26 December 2023
2.2. Metadata last posted
26 December 2023
2.3. Metadata last update
26 December 2023
3.1. Data description
Statistics on Government Budget Allocations for R&D (GBARD) measure government support to research and development (R&D) activities, and thereby provide information about the priority governments give to different public R&D funding activities. This type of funder-based approach for reporting R&D involves identifying all the budget items that may support R&D activities and measuring or estimating their R&D content.
Main concepts and definitions used for the production of R&D statistics are given by the OECD (2015), Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities (FM 2015, Chapter 12), which is the internationally recognised standard methodology for collecting R&D statistics and by Eurostat’s European Business Statistics Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics (EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics).
Since the beginning of 2021, the collection of R&D statistics is based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020.
The Regulation sets the framework for the collection of R&D statistics and specifies the main variables of interest and their breakdowns at predefined level of detail (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (europa.eu)).
Statistics on science, technology and innovation were collected until the end of 2020 based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2012/995 concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.
3.2. Classification system
Distribution by socioeconomic objectives (SEO) is based on the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparisons of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS) at one digit level.
3.2.1. National classification
| National nomenclature of SEO used | Classification of activities of KD BiH 2010, which in terms of content and structure fully corresponds to the EU Statistical Classification of Activities NACE Rev 2. Bosnia and Herzegovina applies SEO classification according to the FM2015 in statistical surveys but didn’t adopt this classification as a national classification |
| Correspondence table with NABS | Data are presented in accordance with the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programme's and Budgets 2007 (NABS 2007). |
3.2.2. NABS classification
| Deviations from NABS | The Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets – NABS 2007 was used in monitoring of the allocation of the Government Budget appropriations or outlays according to the socio-economic objectives, which is correlated with the Frascati Manual. This Nomenclature explains the socio-economic objectives, that is, the purpose of the spent appropriations or outlays for the R&D in 13 categories. The objective General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources also includes funds that could not have been classified according to socio-economic objectives. BHAS uses multidisciplinary sciences in cases when reporting units do not have accurate data for which area of research the funds are intended. |
| Problems in identifying / separating NABS chapters and sub chapters | BHAS uses multidisciplinary sciences in cases when reporting units do not have accurate data for which area of research the funds are intended. |
| Ability to distribute Non-oriented research and General University Funds (GUF) by fields of R&D | Data are available, but also include funds that could not have been classified according to socio-economic objectives |
3.3. Coverage - sector
See below.
3.3.1. General coverage
| Definition of R&D | Definitions of the R&D field are based on the international methodology − the Frascati Manual 2015 (Frascati Manual, 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, the Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities: OECD, Paris, 2015). |
| Coverage of R&D or S&T in general | GBARD covers not only government-financed R&D performed in government establishments but also government-financed R&D in the other three national sectors (business enterprise, private non-profit, higher education) as well as abroad (including international organizations). With BHAS statistical surveys, data are collected for government budget allocations for R&D, from the state budget, according to socio-economic goals (the research focuses on organizations that finance R&D activities). Data are also collected for organizations performing R&D activities. |
| Fields of R&D (FORD) covered | GBARD data covers FORD. FORD covered: natural sciences, engineering and technology, medical and health sciences, agricultural and veterinary sciences, social sciences, humanities and arts and multidisciplinary sciences – used in cases when reporting units do not have accurate data for which area of research the funds are intended. |
| Socioeconomic objective (SEO by NABS) |
3.3.2. Definition and coverage of government
GBARD statistics are assumed to report detailed data on all the government's budget items that may support R&D activities and to measure or estimate their R&D content. For the purposes of GBARD, the Government sector comprises (a) the central (federal) government, (b) regional (state) government and (c) local (municipal) government subsectors (FM2015, Chapter 12).
| Levels of government | Definition | Included / Not included | Comments |
| Central (federal) government | The central (federal) government is a single unit of the central government that encompasses the fundamental activities of the national executive, legislative and judiciary powers. This component of general government is covered by the main (or general) budget. | YES | Bosnia and Herzegovina - central government |
| Regional (state) government | Regional (state) government exercises some of the functions of government at a level below that of central/ federal government and above that of the governmental institutional units existing at a local level. | YES | Three administrative levels of Bosnia and Herzegovina: - Federation of BiH - Republic Srpska; - Brčko District BiH entity Federation of BiH includes 10 cantons |
| Local (municipal) government | - | - | - |
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Not requested.
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical survey entitled Research and Development covers legal units on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina that are known or assumed to be engaged in the R&D activity.
The reporting units observed are all direct users of the budget of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the budget of the Federation of BiH and cantons; the budget of the Republic Srpska; and the budget of the Brčko District.
According to the Classification of Activities (KD BiH 2010) e.i. NACE Rev.2. the section O – Public administration and defense, compulsory social security.
3.6. Statistical population
See below.
3.6.1. National target population
The target population is the population for which inferences are made. The frame (or frames, as sometimes several frames are used) is a device that permits access to population units. The frame population is the set of population units, which can be accessed through the frame and the survey data really refer to this population.
| Definition of the national target population | Not applicable |
| Estimation of the target population size |
3.7. Reference area
Not requested.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Not requested. See point 5.
3.9. Base period
Not requested. The base year for the unit Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) and PPS per inhabitant at constant prices is currently 2005. All calculations of non-basic unit (national currencies) are done by Eurostat.
Not requested.
a) Calendar year: 2021 - 2022
b) Fiscal year: 2021
Start month: 01/01/2021
End month: 31/12/2021
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
See below.
6.1.1. European legislation
Since the beginning of 2021, GBARD statistics are based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics. The Regulation sets the framework for the collection of R&D statistics and specifies the main variables of interest and their breakdowns at predefined level of detail. GBARD statistics were based until the end of 2020 on the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2012/995 concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.
6.1.2. National legislation
There is no specific statistical legislation for R&D in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To conduct R&D surveys for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Law on Statistics of BiH No. 26/04 and 42/04 has been used.
- Law on Statistics of BiH (Official Gazette of BiH No. 26/04 and 42/04), as well as laws on statistics of the entity's statistical institutions. The Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina is responsible for data collection, data processing and data publishing at the state level (BiH level) as well as for the implementation of methodologies in all three statistical institutions in BiH in a unique way;
- Annual Work Plan of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Multi-annual statistical work programs for BiH (2021 – 2024) and Annual work plans of BiH;
- Strategy for development of statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2030.
6.1.3. Standards and manuals
- Frascati Manual 2015, Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development
- EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not requested.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Confidentiality, being one of the process quality components, concerns the privacy of data providers (households, enterprises, administrations and other respondents), the confidentiality of the information they provide and the extent of its use for statistical purposes.
A property of data indicating the extent to which their unauthorized disclosure could be prejudicial or harmful to the interest of the source or other relevant parties.
a) Confidentiality protection required by law:
The Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette BiH, 26/04 and 42/04) in Chapter XI – Confidentiality of statistical data (Articles 23-29) and Law on Personal Data Protection of Bosnia and Herzegovina ("Official Gazette of BiH", No. 32/01), establishes the principle of confidentiality as one of the main principles. In performing its tasks determined by this Law, the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina acts in accordance with the Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of BiH, 32/01).
The Agency for Statistics of BIH distributes statistics in accordance with the statistical principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice, and in particular in accordance with the principle of statistical confidentiality.
b) Confidentiality commitments of survey staff:
The Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette BiH, 26/04 and 42/04), Article 28 regulates the commitment of survey staff to confidentiality: "Persons who have access to confidential information in the course of their duties must comply with the provisions of this Law and after they cease to perform their functions"
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
In the process of statistical data collection, processing, analyses, and dissemination of statistical information, BHAS fully guarantees the confidentiality of the data submitted by respondents (enterprises, institutions, organizations and other statistical units).
The document " Rulebook on the Protection of Statistical Data in the Agency for Statistics of BiH" lists procedures for ensuring confidentiality during collection, processing and dissemination - including protocols for insuring access to the individual data, rules for the definition of confidential cells in the output tables and procedures for detection and prevention of subsequent disclosures, as well as and access to microdata for research purposes. Confidential data are not published.
8.1. Release calendar
The Release Calendar of statistical releases is published in advance for the whole year and contains detailed information on all releases planned for publication. In December each year, the Agency for Statistics of BiH publishes the Release Calendar with the exact date and time of publication of statistics for the next year on the website, in 4 language versions (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and English) The Release Calendar is also available in .pdf format. R&D press release is published T + 12 months after the final reference period. The release calendar for Statistical Press Releases in BiH is available on the following link: http://bhas.gov.ba/Calendar/?lang=en
8.2. Release calendar access
The release calendar for Statistical Press Releases in BiH is available on the following link: http://bhas.gov.ba/Calendar/?lang=en
8.3. Release policy - user access
All releases are published following the defined Release Calendar on a specific day, at 11 am on the BHAS’s website. In case if there are delays with publishing a release, a notice is posted on the website and a new publication date/time is set. All releases are available in 4 language versions, namely 3 local languages and the English version. Users do not have access to the new data before their official publication on the BHAS's website, nor can they gain access to the data earlier. The principle that all users have equal access to statistical data on an impartial basis is established in Article 8 (2) h), and Article 19 (2) of the Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it is consistently implemented in practice.
GBARD data in BiH is disseminated on an annual basis.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
See below.
10.1.1. Availability of the releases
| Availability (Y/N)1 | Content, format, links, ... | |
| Regular releases | Y | https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2022/RDE_03_2021_Y2_1_BS.pdf |
| Ad-hoc releases | N |
1) Y - Yes, N – No
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
See below.
10.2.1. Availability of means of dissemination
| Means of dissemination | Availability (Y/N)1 | Content, format, links, ... |
| General publication/article (paper, online) |
N | |
| Specific paper publication (paper, online) |
N |
1) Y – Yes, N - No
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not applicable
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not requested.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
See below.
10.4.1. Provisions affecting the access
| Access rights to the information | Micro data is not available to users. |
| Access cost policy | - |
| Micro-data anonymisation rules | - |
10.5. Dissemination format - other
See below.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not requested.
10.5.2. Availability of other dissemination means
| Dissemination means | Availability (Y/N)1 | Micro-data / Aggregate figures | Comments |
| Internet: main results available on the national statistical authority’s website | Y | Aggregate figures | |
| Data prepared for individual ad hoc requests | Y | Aggregate figures | Aggregate figures are given to the individuals on request, as referred to Article 1 of the Guide on Access to Information in the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, every natural and legal person has the right to access information within the jurisdiction of BHAS in accordance with the Law on the Protection of Personal Data of Bosnia and Herzegovina this Guide. |
| Other | N |
1) Y – Yes, N - No
10.6. Documentation on methodology
The definitions of the methodology are given in the Frascati Manual 2015. Also, methodological explanations are available at the end of each GBARD statistical release available on the BHAS's website: https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2022/RDE_03_2021_Y2_1_BS.pdf
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not requested.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
See below.
10.7.1. Documentation and users’ requests
| Type(s) of data accompanying information available (metadata, graphs, etc.) | Each statistical release contains a short Note on methodology. Also, the preparation of the Quality Report is in progress |
| Request on further clarification | Not available |
| Measure to increase clarity | Not available |
| Impression of users on the clarity of the accompanying information to the data | The results of the "User Satisfaction Survey" of the Agency for Statistics of BiH are available at the following link: |
11.1. Quality assurance
BHAS follows the recommendations on organization and quality management given in the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP) and implements the guidelines given in the European Statistical System Quality Assurance Framework (QAF). Moreover, regarding quality assurance, all the procedures that describe the quality policy in BHAS can be found in the document: Quality Management Policy and Mechanisms in BHAS:
https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Dokumenti/Kvalitet/QM_Policy_and_Programme_BHAS.pdf
11.2. Quality management - assessment
GBARD statistics involve identifying all the budget items that may support R&D activities and measuring or estimating their R&D content. Advantages of this approach include the ability to report significantly more timely government R&D funding totals since they are based on budgets and to link these totals to policy considerations through classification by socioeconomic objectives. The user satisfaction survey is undertaken to monitor the quality of our statistical data and services. Please note, that this survey contains only data on user’s satisfaction with STI data, and not specifically with GBARD. User satisfaction survey results are available on: https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Dokumenti/Kvalitet/AZK2020_BS.pdf
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
See below.
12.1.1. Needs at national level
| Users’ class1 | Description of users | Users’ needs |
| 1 - Institutions | DG Research and Innovation, DG JRC, Eurostat, UN/UNECE, OECD, UNESCO, Ministry of Civil Affairs of BiH; Ministry of Foreign Affairs of BiH; Institute for Intellectual Property Rights of BiH, Ministry of Scientific and Technological Development, Higher Education and Information Society of RS; Ministry of Education and Science of FBiH; Government of Brčko District of BiH; Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sport of Sarajevo Canton; Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sport of Bosnia-Podrinje Canton; Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sport of Herzegovina-Neretva Canton; Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sport of Tuzla Canton Ministry of Education Una-Sana Canton; Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sport of Western Herzegovina Canton; Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sport of Zenica-Doboj Canton; Ministry of Education, Science, Culture, and Sport of Posavina Canton |
Use of data available on different levels of aggregation and breakdowns |
| 2 - Social actors | Foreign Trade Chamber of Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| 3 - Media | For the general public | |
| 4 - Researchers and students | Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bosniak Academy of Sciences and Arts; Academy of Sciences and Arts of Republika Srpska; Academic and research network of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1) Users' class codification
1- Institutions:
• European level: Commission (DGs, Secretariat General), Council, European Parliament, ECB, other European agencies etc.
• in Member States, at the national or regional level: Ministries of Economy or Finance, other ministries (for sectoral comparisons), National Statistical Institutes and other statistical agencies (norms, training, etc.), and
• International organisations: OECD, UN, IMF, ILO, etc.
2- Social actors: Employers’ associations, trade unions, lobbies, among others, at the European, national or regional level.
3- Media: International or regional media – specialized or for the general public – interested both in figures and analyses or comments. The media are the main channels of statistics to the general public.
4- Researchers and students (Researchers and students need statistics, analyses, ad hoc services, access to specific data.)
5- Enterprises or businesses (Either for their own market analysis, their marketing strategy (large enterprises) or because they offer consultancy services)
6- Other (User class defined for national purposes, different from the previous classes.)
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
To evaluate if users' needs have been satisfied, the best way is to use user satisfaction surveys.
12.2.1. National Surveys and feedback
| Conduction of a user satisfaction survey or any other type of monitoring user satisfaction | According to the Law on Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina Statistical Development Strategy 2020, as well as to other relevant documents. Agency for statistics of the BIH is committed to consistent esteem and implementation of the quality policy that is based on the Total Quality Management Model (TQM). The purpose and goal of the Agency's User Satisfaction Survey is better understanding the current needs of customers, as well as to identify customer satisfaction with data quality and level of service. Results are available on the following link: https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Dokumenti/Kvalitet/AZK2020_BS.pdf |
| User satisfaction survey specific for GBARD statistics | There isn’t a satisfaction survey specific for GBARD statistics. |
| Short description of the feedback received | The research “User Satisfaction Survey “ was conducted through a web survey. The banner was placed on the home page of the site. An email has been sent to registered users (118) by invitation to participate in the research. A reminder has been sent to all users in the middle of conducting research. The survey covered the following topics: - use of statistical data, - use and evaluation of the Agency's website, - customer satisfaction with employees and quality of services, - assessment of the quality of statistical data and - questions related to the demographic characteristics of the respondents' person |
12.3. Completeness
See below.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
N/A
12.3.2. Completeness - overview
Completeness is assessed via comparison of the data delivered against the requirements of Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197.
| 5 (Very Good) |
4 (Good) |
3 (Satisfactory) |
2 (Poor) |
1 (Very poor) |
Reasons for missing cells | |
| Provisional budget statistics1 | X | |||||
| Obligatory final budget statistics1 | X | |||||
| Optional final budget statistics2 | X |
1) Criteria: Obligatory data (provisional budget and final budget). Only 'Very Good' = 100% and 'Very Poor' <100% apply.
2) Criteria: Optional data (final budget). 'Very Good' = 100%; 'Good' = >75%;'Satisfactory' 50 to 75%%; 'Poor' 25 to 50%; 'Very Poor' 0 to 25%.
12.3.3. Data availability
See below.
12.3.3.1. Data availability – Provisional data
| Availability1 | Frequency of data collection | Gap years – years with missing data | Time of compilation (T+x)2 | Comments | |
| Total GBARD | N | ||||
| NABS Chapter level | N | ||||
| NABS Sub-chapter level | N | ||||
| Special categories - Biotech | N | ||||
| Special categories - Nanotech | N | ||||
| Special categories - Security | N |
1) Availability of the data: N: No, data are not available, Y: Yes, data are available + start year.
2) Time of compilation: T is assumed to represent the end of reference period, x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is compiled
12.3.3.2. Data availability – Final data
| Availability1 | Frequency of data collection | Gap years – years with missing data | Time of compilation (T+x)2 | Comments | |
| Total GBARD | Y - 2014 | Annual | No gaps | T+12 | - |
| NABS Chapter level | Y - 2014 | Annual | No gaps | T+12 | - |
| NABS Sub-chapter level | Y - 2014 | Annual | No gaps | T+12 | - |
| Special categories - Biotech | N | ||||
| Special categories - Nanotech | N | ||||
| Special categories - Security | N |
1) Availability of the data: N: No, data are not available, Y: Yes, data are available + start year.
2) Time of compilation: T is assumed to represent the end of reference period, x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is compiled
12.3.3.3. Data availability – Other special categories
| Special categories | Stage1 | Availability1 | Frequency of data colletion | Gap years – years with missing data | Time of compilation (T+x)3 | Comments |
| MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES | F | Y | Annual | No gaps | T+12 | BHAS use multidisciplinary sciences in cases when reporting units do not have accurate data for which area of research the funds are intended |
1) Stage: P - provisional, F - final.
2) Availability of the data: No, data are not available, Y: Yes, data are available + start year.
3) Time of compilation: T is assumed to represent the end of reference period, x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is compiled
13.1. Accuracy - overall
Accuracy in the statistical sense denotes the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values. Statistics are not equal with the true values because of variability (the statistics change from implementation to implementation of the survey due to random effects) and bias (the average of the possible values of the statistics from implementation to implementation is not equal to the true value due to systematic effects).
Several types of statistical errors occur during the survey process. The following typology of errors has been adopted:
1. Sampling errors. These only affect sample surveys. They are due to the fact that only a subset of the population, usually randomly selected, is enumerated.
2. Non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors affect sample surveys and complete enumerations alike and comprise:
a) Coverage errors,
b) Measurement errors,
c) Non response errors and
d) Processing errors.
Model assumption errors should be treated under the heading of the respective error they are trying to reduce.
13.1.1. Accuracy - Overall by 'Types of Error'
| Sampling errors | Non-sampling errors1) | Model-assumption Errors1) | Perceived direction of the error2) | |||
| Coverage errors | Measurement errors | Processing errors | Non response errors | |||
| - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
1) Ranking of the type(s) of errors that result in over/under-estimation, from the most important source of error (1) to the least important source of error (5) In the event that errors of a particular type do not exist, is used the sign ‘-‘.
2) The perceived direction of the ‘overall’ error using the signs “+” for over estimation, “-” for under estimation and “+/-” when assumption of the direction of the error cannot be made for GBARD.
13.1.2. Assessment of the accuracy
| Indicators | 5 (Very Good)1 | 4 (Good)2 | 3 (Satisfactory)3 | 2 (Poor)4 | 1 (Very poor)5 |
| GBARD | X | ||||
| National public funding to transnationally coordinated R & D | - |
1) High level of coverage (At least all national or federal ministries and the ministries and agencies responsible for R&D funding at state or regional level). High rate of response (>90%) in data collection. All figures broken down by NABS.
2) If at least one out of the three criteria described above would not be fully met.
3) In the event that the rate of response would be lower than 80% even by meeting the two remaining criteria.
4) In the event that the average rate of response would be lower than 70% and at least one of the two remaining criteria would not be met.
5) If all the three criteria described above are not met.
13.2. Sampling error
Not requested.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
Not requested.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Non-sampling errors occur in all phases of a survey. They add to the sampling errors (if present) and contribute to decreasing overall accuracy. It is important to assess their relative weight in the total error and devote appropriate resources for their control and assessment.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Coverage errors are due to divergences between the target population and the frame population. The frame population is the set of target population members that has a chance to be selected into the survey sample. It is a listing of all items in the population from which the sample is drawn that contains contact details as well as sufficient information to perform stratification and sampling.
a) Description/assessment of coverage errors:
Coverage errors are kept to a minimum: With statistical survey BI-IR collects data on the Government Budget appropriations or outlays according to the socio-economic objectives, including all grants to international R&D programmes or institutions abroad. The objective of the survey is to enable the monitoring of the state R&D policy through its financing of the R&D activities. As opposed to the research imposed to organisations engaged in R&D activities, this survey focuses on organizations that finance the R&D activity. Data are the result of statistical processing of annual reports collected from budgetary and extra-budgetary users of the Government Budget in the reporting year.
The statistical survey on the Government Budget appropriations or outlays for the R&D activity in the period from 2021 to 2022 covers budgetary and extra-budgetary users of the Government Budget in Bosnia and Herzegovina, that is, all government bodies who in 2021 financed and in 2022 planned to finance the R&D activity. The data are based on the actual Government Budget appropriations or outlays for 2021 (money paid out during the year) and the adopted Government Budget for 2022 (amount before the rebalancing of the Budget).
b) Measures taken to reduce their effect:
Not applicable
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not applicable
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not requested.
13.3.2. Measurement error
Measurement errors occur during data collection and generate bias by recording values different than the true ones. The survey questionnaire used for data collection may have led to the recording of wrong values.
a) Description/assessment of measurement errors:
Based on the communication with the reporting units in the phase of reporting and control, it was determined that the main reasons for errors are:
- the person who fills in the questionnaire reads the instructions superficially or does not read them at all,
- the person filling in the questionnaire does not understand the instructions,
- the person who fills in the questionnaire does so superficially and does not fill in all the necessary information,
- the questionnaire is not always filled in by the same person,
- reporting units do not have adequate records on allocations for research and development.
b) Measures taken to reduce their effect:
When an error is noticed in the statistical survey, it cannot be corrected independently, the reporting unit is contacted. Also, the reporting unit is contacted if the data differ significantly from the data submitted in the previous year
13.3.3. Non response error
Non response errors: occur when a survey failed to collect data on all survey variables from all the population units designated for data collection in a sample or complete enumeration.
a) Problems in obtaining data from targeted information providers:
These errors refer to the discrepancies between the data collected and their true value. They are due primarily to the variable performance of human beings and their lack of precise knowledge of the data requested. Response error is another serious error, where reporting units do not keep records of their operations and do not have clear concepts of recording. Missing data is a special kind of error in the answer. In these cases, reporting units is contacted by e-mail or by phone to obtain the necessary information and clarifications.
b) Measures taken to reduce their effect:
In case of non-response, written reminders are sent to the reporting units after the scheduled deadline, and the reporting unit is contacted by phone to obtain the necessary data.
c) Effect of non-response errors on the produced statistics:
The data are comparable with the data from previous years, but it is necessary to further investigate the quality of the data due to the improvement of several statistical production processes.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not requested.
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not requested.
13.3.4. Processing error
Between data collection and the beginning of statistical analysis, data must undergo a certain processing: coding, data entry, data editing, imputation, etc. Errors introduced at these stages are called processing errors. Data editing identifies inconsistencies or errors in the data.
a) Data processing and editing processes:
No processing errors were detected, all data is processed in standard Excel spreadsheets, with programmatically created formulas
b) Description of errors:
Not applicable
c) Measures taken to reduce their effect:
Not applicable
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Model assumption errors occur when the assumptions made for the estimation of parameters, models, the testing of statistical hypotheses, etc., are violated. As a result, the quality of the resulting statistics is affected (e.g. degrees of confidence might be inflated).
Description/assessment:
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
Timeliness and punctuality refer to time and dates, but in a different manner: the timeliness of statistics reflects the length of time between their availability and the event or phenomenon they describe. Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of the data and the target date on which they should have been delivered, with reference to dates announced in the official release calendar.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Date of first release of national data: Not applicable
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
Date of first release of national data: 28th December 2022
14.2. Punctuality
Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of data and the target date on which they were scheduled for release as announced officially.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Punctuality of time schedule of data release = (Actual date of the data release) - (Scheduled date of the data release)
14.2.1.1. Deadline and date of data transmission
| Transmission of provisional data | Transmission of final data | |
| Legally defined deadline of data transmission (T+_ months) | 6 | 12 |
| Actual date of transmission of the data (T+x months) | Not applicable | T+12 |
| Delay (days) | Not applicable | NO |
| Reasoning for delay | Not applicable | NO |
15.1. Comparability - geographical
See below.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not requested.
15.1.2. Survey Concepts Issues
The following table lists a number of key survey concepts and conceptual issues; it gives reference to the Commission Regulation No 2020/1197, Frascati manual and the EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics paragraphs with recommendations about these concepts / issues.
| Concept / Issue | Reference to recommendations | Deviation from recommendations | National definition / Treatment / Deviations from recommendations |
| Research and development | FM2015 Chapter 2 (mainly paragraphs 2.3 and 2.4). | No | |
| Coverage of levels of government | FM2015, §12.5 to 12.9 | No | |
| Socioeconomic objectives coverage and breakdown | Reg. 2020/1197: Annex 1, Table 20 | No | |
| Reference period | Reg. 2020/1197: Annex 1, Table 20 | No |
15.1.3. Deviations from recommendations
GBARD encompass all spending allocations met from sources of government revenue foreseen within the budget, such as taxation. Spending allocations by extra-budgetary government entities are within the scope only to the extent that their funds are allocated through the budgetary process (FM2015 §12.9). The following table lists a number of key methodological issues, which may affect the international comparability of national GBARD statistics.
| Methodological issues | Reference to recommendations | Deviation from recommendations | National definition / Treatment / Deviations from recommendations |
| Definition of GBARD | FM § 12.9 | NO | |
| Stages of data collection | FM2015 §12.41 | ||
| Gross / net approach, net principle | FM2015 §12.20 and 12.21 | NO | |
| EU/other funds | Eurostat's EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics | Included | |
| Types of expenditure | FM2015 §12.15 to 12.18 | NO | |
| Current and capital expenditure | FM §12.15 | Only resources from the state and entity levels budgets are included. Other government funds are included if they are in the budget. | |
| Extra budgetary funds | FM §12.8, 12.20, 12.38 | NO | |
| Loans | FM §12.31, 12.32, 12.34 | NO | |
| Indirect funding, tax rebates, etc. | FM §12.31 - 12.38 | NO | |
| Treatment of multi-annual projects | FM2015 §12.44 | NO | |
| Treatment of GBARD going to R&D abroad | FM2015 §12.19 | NO | |
| Criterion for distribution by socioeconomic objective | FM2015 §12.50 to 12.71 | NO | |
| Method of identification of primary objective | Eurostat's EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics, topic 2, statement B.6 |
15.2. Comparability - over time
See below.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
See below.
15.2.2. Breaks in time series
| Length of comparable time series | Break years1 | Nature of the breaks | |
| Provisional data | Not applicable | - | - |
| Final data | 2014 - 2021 | - | - |
1) Breaks years are years for which data are not fully comparable to the previous period.
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not requested.
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not requested.
15.4. Coherence - internal
This part compares GBARD statistics from the provisional and final budget for the reference year.
Not applicable
15.4.1. Comparison between provisional and final data according to NABS 2007
| R&D allocations in the provisional budget delivered at T+6 | R&D allocations in the final budget delivered at T+12 | Difference (of final data) | |
| Exploration and exploitation of the Earth | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Environment | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Exploration and exploitation of space | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Energy | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Industrial production and technology | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Health | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Agriculture | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Education | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Culture, recreation, religion and mass media | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Political and social systems, structures and processes | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF) | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources than GUF | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Defence | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| TOTAL GBARD | Not available | Not available | Not available |
The assessment of costs associated with a statistical product is a rather complicated task since there must exist a mechanism for appointing portions of shared costs (for instance shared IT resources and dissemination channels) and overheads (office space, utility bills etc). The assessment must become detailed and clear enough so that international comparisons among agencies of different structures are feasible.
NOT AVAILABLE
16.1. Costs summary
| Costs for the statistical authority (in national currency) | % sub-contracted1) | |
| Staff costs | Not available | |
| Data collection costs | Not available | |
| Other costs | Not available | |
| Total costs | Not available | |
| Comments on costs | ||
| Not available | ||
1) The shares of the figures given in the first column that are accounted for by payments to private firms or other Government agencies.
16.2. Components of burden and description of how these estimates were reached
| Value | Computation method | |
| Number of Respondents (R) | Not available | |
| Average Time required to complete the questionnaire in hours (T)1 | Not available | |
| Average hourly cost (in national currency) of a respondent (C) | Not available | |
| Total cost | Not available |
1) T = the time required to provide the information, including time spent assembling information prior to completing a form or taking part in interview and the time taken up by any subsequent contacts after receipt of the questionnaire (‘Re-contact time’)
17.1. Data revision - policy
There is no official revision policy adopted by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
17.2. Data revision - practice
Not requested.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
Not requested.
18.1. Source data
a) Provisional data:
Not applicable
b) Final data:
Government institutions on different administrative levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina actively participate in implementing research policy and financing R&D from budget (ministries).
Adopted budget and budget after the rebalance.
c) General University Funds (GUF):
Not applicable
18.2. Frequency of data collection
See 12.3.3.
18.3. Data collection
See below.
18.3.1. Data collection overview
| Provisional data | Final data | Comments | |
| Data collection method | Not applicable | Data on GBARD are collected through the questionnaire “Report on budget allocations for research and development”, which is sent to reporting units by postal offices and/or e-mail in early June. Reporting units are obliged to return the completed questionnaires within the stipulated deadline | |
| Stage of data collection | Not applicable | Budget proposal (figures presented to the parliament for the coming year). | |
| Reporting units | Not applicable | Government institutions at different administrative levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina actively participate in implementing national research policy and financing R&D from the budget (ministries). | |
| Basic variable | Not applicable | Appropriations (dotacije, subvencije) and outlays (projekti, program) in accordance with Frascati Manual. | |
| Time of data collection (T+x)1) | Not applicable | T+10 | |
| Problems in the translation of budget items | Not applicable | ||
1) Time of data collection (T+x): T is assumed to represent the end of reference period. x expresses the number of months after (positive) or before (negative) T when data is collected.
18.3.2. General University Funds (GUF)
GUF data are included in GBARD survey from 2019
18.3.3. Distribution by socioeconomic objectives (SEO)
| Level of distribution of budgetary items – institution or programme/project | Distribution of budgetary items is done by program/project. |
| Criterion of distribution – purpose or content | The criterion of distribution is the purpose of the R&D programme or project. |
| Method of identification of primary objectives | By purpose. |
| Difficulties of distribution | No difficulties. |
18.3.4. Questionnaire and other documents
| Annex | Name of the file |
| GBARD national questionnaire and explanatory notes in English: | Not available |
| GBARD national questionnaire and explanatory notes in the national language: | BUDŽETSKA IZDVAJANJA ZA ISTRAŽIVANJE I RAZVOJ, 2021.-2022. (not available on the BHAS website) |
| Other relevant documentation of national methodology in English: | Not available |
| Other relevant documentation of national methodology in the national language: | Not available |
18.4. Data validation
All the obtained data were entered into an application in which logical controls were set for the entered data sums. No discrepancies were observed when entering data.
18.5. Data compilation
See below.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable
18.5.2. Data compilation methods
See below.
18.5.2.1. Identifying R&D
| Method(s) of separating R&D from non-R&D | Not applicable |
| Description of the use of the coefficient (if applicable) | Not applicable |
| Coefficient estimation method | Not applicable |
| Frequency of updating of coefficients | Not applicable |
18.5.2.2. General University Funds (GUF)
| Method(s) of separating R&D from non-R&D | Not applicable |
| Description of the use of the coefficient (if applicable) | Not applicable |
| Coefficient estimation method | Not applicable |
| Frequency of updating of coefficients | Not applicable |
18.5.2.3. Other issues
| Treatment of multi-annual programmes | Not applicable |
| Possibility to classify budgetary items by COFOG functions | Not applicable |
| Possibility to classify budgetary items by other nomenclatures e.g. NACE | Not applicable |
| Method of estimation of future budgets | Not applicable |
18.6. Adjustment
Not requested.
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not requested.
Statistics on Government Budget Allocations for R&D (GBARD) measure government support to research and development (R&D) activities, and thereby provide information about the priority governments give to different public R&D funding activities. This type of funder-based approach for reporting R&D involves identifying all the budget items that may support R&D activities and measuring or estimating their R&D content.
Main concepts and definitions used for the production of R&D statistics are given by the OECD (2015), Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities (FM 2015, Chapter 12), which is the internationally recognised standard methodology for collecting R&D statistics and by Eurostat’s European Business Statistics Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics (EBS Methodological Manual on R&D Statistics).
Since the beginning of 2021, the collection of R&D statistics is based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020.
The Regulation sets the framework for the collection of R&D statistics and specifies the main variables of interest and their breakdowns at predefined level of detail (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 of 30 July 2020 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics repealing 10 legal acts in the field of business statistics (europa.eu)).
Statistics on science, technology and innovation were collected until the end of 2020 based on Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2012/995 concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology.
26 December 2023
Not requested.
The statistical survey entitled Research and Development covers legal units on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina that are known or assumed to be engaged in the R&D activity.
The reporting units observed are all direct users of the budget of Bosnia and Herzegovina; the budget of the Federation of BiH and cantons; the budget of the Republic Srpska; and the budget of the Brčko District.
According to the Classification of Activities (KD BiH 2010) e.i. NACE Rev.2. the section O – Public administration and defense, compulsory social security.
See below.
Not requested.
a) Calendar year: 2021 - 2022
b) Fiscal year: 2021
Start month: 01/01/2021
End month: 31/12/2021
Accuracy in the statistical sense denotes the closeness of computations or estimates to the exact or true values. Statistics are not equal with the true values because of variability (the statistics change from implementation to implementation of the survey due to random effects) and bias (the average of the possible values of the statistics from implementation to implementation is not equal to the true value due to systematic effects).
Several types of statistical errors occur during the survey process. The following typology of errors has been adopted:
1. Sampling errors. These only affect sample surveys. They are due to the fact that only a subset of the population, usually randomly selected, is enumerated.
2. Non-sampling errors. Non-sampling errors affect sample surveys and complete enumerations alike and comprise:
a) Coverage errors,
b) Measurement errors,
c) Non response errors and
d) Processing errors.
Model assumption errors should be treated under the heading of the respective error they are trying to reduce.
Not requested.
See below.
a) Provisional data:
Not applicable
b) Final data:
Government institutions on different administrative levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina actively participate in implementing research policy and financing R&D from budget (ministries).
Adopted budget and budget after the rebalance.
c) General University Funds (GUF):
Not applicable
GBARD data in BiH is disseminated on an annual basis.
Timeliness and punctuality refer to time and dates, but in a different manner: the timeliness of statistics reflects the length of time between their availability and the event or phenomenon they describe. Punctuality refers to the time lag between the release date of the data and the target date on which they should have been delivered, with reference to dates announced in the official release calendar.
See below.
See below.
