1.1. Contact organisation
National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA)
National Institute for Statistics (NIS)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
NEPA - Directorate for Waste and Chemicals
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
NEPA
Spl. Independentei 294, Sector 6, Bucharest, Romania.
NIS
Blv. Libertatii 16, Sector 5, Bucharest, Romania.
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
28 November 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
28 November 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
28 November 2025
3.1. Data description
Please see below.
3.1.1. Description of the parties involved in the data collection
Table : Institutions involved in the collection of data and distribution of tasks.
| Name of institution | Description of key responsibilities |
|---|---|
| NEPA | Survey on municipal and industrial waste generation and management Administrative data on WEEE Compilation of reported Data sets and of the Quality Report Validation rules |
| NIS | Data for agricultural and medical waste according to the description below |
3.1.2. Description of methods determining waste generation
Data set 1: waste generation by waste category (EWC-Stat) and economic activities (NACE).
General description of methodology
| Waste category | Source | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A01-03 | B04-09 | C10-C12 | C13-C15 | _..._ | F41-43 | G-U excl. G4677 | |
| 01.1 | Data from NIS Survey |
Data from NEPA Survey |
Data from NEPA and NIS
|
||||
| 01.2 | |||||||
| 01.3 | |||||||
| _..._ | |||||||
| 12.6 | |||||||
| 12.7 | |||||||
| 12.8, 13 | |||||||
The sources are the businesses (18 NACE groupings) and households which generate waste. The waste types are the 51 waste categories for which data is required under the Waste Statistics Regulation.
3.1.3. Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of a sample survey
Determination of waste generation by (sample) survey.
| Description of the sample survey | Item 1 (NACE A) |
Item 2 (NACE B) |
Item 3 (NACE C) |
Item 3 (NACE D) |
Item 4 (NACE E36-37-39) |
Item 5 (NACE E38) |
Item 6 (NACE F) |
Item 7 (NACE 46.77) |
Item 8 (NACE G-U excluded 46.77) |
Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 1 | Number of statistical units per stratum and item in accordance with the available register(s) | ||||||||||
| 2 | Number of statistical units selected for a sample survey and questionnaires sent out | 1124 | 398 | 5787 | 316 | 446 | 1790 | 442 | 39 | 13109 | 23451 |
| 3 | Number of non-respoinses (no replies provided; replies are unusable; units are not identifiable) | ||||||||||
| 4 | Part of 3: Quantity of data registered incorrectly (statistical units which do not exist, statistical units which cannot be identified) | ||||||||||
| 5 | Number of units (statistical units) used to calculate totals | 1124 | 398 | 5787 | 316 | 446 | 1790 | 442 | 39 | 13109 | 23451 |
| 6 | Factor for weighting | ||||||||||
3.1.4. Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of information on waste treatment
| Description of the method | |||||||
| 1 | Scope of indirect determination (waste types and economic sectors covered) | Not applicable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Number of waste treatment facilities selected by items: | INC R1 | INC D10 | RECYC | BACK | DISPO I | DISPO II |
| Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | ||
| 3 | Method(s) applied for differentiation by waste sources: | Not applicable | |||||
| 4 | Restriction of the applied methods: | Not applicable | |||||
| 4.1 | Waste streams not covered: | Not applicable | |||||
| 4.2 | Problems of source attachment: | Not applicable | |||||
| 4.3 | Other problems: | Not applicable | |||||
This table shows the proportion of waste generation covered by indirect calculation on the basis of waste treatment and how the method is applied.
Row 1 indicates what proportion of waste generation is covered by information concerning waste treatment. This can be done by referring to selected parts of the economy or to selected waste streams. This should be consistent with the table in the concept 3.1.2.
Row 2 identifies the number of waste treatment facilities included in the calculation. The numbers are expected to be equal to the number of facilities in the table in the concept 3.1.8 . Any differences should be explained.
Rows 3 to 4.3 provide a more detailed description of the methods applied. Does the original data set contain quantities of waste classified by the List of waste, by the European waste Classification for Statistics (EWC-Stat) or by a national classification? On what basis is waste which has been treated transformed into waste which has been generated? How are non-specific wastes distributed across sources and how are imported wastes excluded?
3.1.5. Description of the estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of administrative sources
Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of models or other methods
| Description of the models | ||
| 1 | Scope of the model (waste types and economic sectors covered) | Administrative data on WEEE |
|---|---|---|
| 2 | Basic data for the estimations (production figures etc.) | NACE: E38, number of companies permitted for WEEE collection and treatment, on an annual basis, also reported for WEEE Directive. |
| 3 | Description of the model and the factors applied | Not applicable |
| 4 | Routines applied or foreseen to guarantee sufficient quality (periodical revision of factors, focused surveys for verification etc.) | Not applicable |
| Description of the information sources | ||
| 5 | Scope for the OTHER information sources (waste types and economic sectors covered) | Not applicable |
| 6 | Description of the other information source which is not fitting to the type of information sources mentioned above | Not applicable |
This table is similar to the table in the concept 3.1.4 in that it shows the proportion of waste generation covered by other methods and how these methods are applied. Within this table, a distinction is made between methods based on modelling and other methods.
3.1.6. Determination methods for waste generated by households
| 1 | Indirect determination via waste collection | |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Description of reporting unit applied (waste collections, municipalities) | Not applicable |
| 1.2 | Description of the reporting system (regular survey on waste collection, utilisation of administrative sources) | Not applicable |
| 1.3 | Waste types covered | Not applicable |
| 1.4 | Survey characteristics (1.4a – 1.4d) | Not applicable |
| a) Total no. of collectors / municipalities (population size) | Not applicable | |
| b) No of collectors / municipalities selected for survey | Not applicable | |
| c) No of responses used for the calculation of the totals | Not applicable | |
| d) Factor for weighting | Not applicable | |
| 1.5 | Method applied for the differentiation between the sources household and commercial activities | Not applicable |
| 1.6 | Percentage of waste from commercial activities by waste types | Not applicable |
| 2 | Indirect determination via waste treatment | |
| 2.1 | Specification of waste treatment facilities selected | Not applicable |
| 2.2 | Waste types covered | Not applicable |
| 2.3 | Method applied for the differentiation between the sources household and commercial activities | Not applicable |
| 2.4 | Percentage of waste from commercial activities by waste types | Not applicable |
This table focuses on the methods applied in order to estimate the amount of waste generated by households. The various methods are identified in different parts of the table. An important distinction is made between waste generated by households, on the one hand, and waste generated by businesses, i.e. ‘commercial contamination’, on the other.
3.1.7. Description of data sources and methods by treatment category
Determination of treated waste quantities
| Item 1 Incineration (R1) |
Reported by companies permitted for waste co-incineration, validated based on the reports from waste generation. It includes also the data from agriculture, forestry and fisheries and medical waste (human and veterinary). |
|---|---|
| Item 2 Incineration (D10) |
Reported by companies permitted for waste incineration, validated based on the reports from waste generation. |
| Item 3a Recycling (R2 – R11) |
Reported by companies permitted for waste recycling, validated based on the reports from waste generation. It includes also the data from agriculture, forestry and fisheries and medical waste (human and veterinary). |
| Item 3b Backfilling |
Reported by companies that generates and send waste for backfilling purposes. |
| Item 4 Landfilling (D1, D5, D12) |
Reported by companies permitted for waste landfilling, validated based on the reports from waste generation. It includes also the data from agriculture, forestry and fisheries and medical waste (human and veterinary). |
| Item 5 Other disposal (D2,D3,D4, D6,D7) |
Facilities for impoundment of waste. |
3.1.8. Coverage of waste treatment facilities and criteria for exclusion
| No of facilities included | No of facilities excluded | Reasons for exclusion of facilities and other comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Item 1 Incineration (R1) |
265 | 0 | Not the case |
| Item 2 Incineration (D10) |
22 | 0 | Not the case |
| Item 3a Recycling (R2 – R11) |
423 | 0 | Not the case |
| Item 3b Backfilling |
86 | 0 | Not the case |
| Item 4 Landfilling (D1, D5, D12) |
96 | 0 | Not the case |
| Item 5 Other disposal (D2,D3,D4, D6,D7) |
2 | 0 | Not the case |
This table identifies the number of waste treatment facilities, which are included in or excluded from the compilation of data. There can be several reasons for excluding waste treatment operations: because they treat only internal waste, because they are pre-treatment facilities or because the capacity is below a nationally defined threshold, etc.
3.1.9. Registers used for identification of treatment operations
| Identification of register(s) used (name; responsible institution) | Description of register(s) (coverage: frequency and procedure of updating, etc.) |
|---|---|
| Relevant treatment facilities are identified by EPAs, because all these facilities are supposed to obtain the environmental permit and EPAs issue this permit. For the industrial waste generation the accuracy is also good due to the annual survey performed by NEPA through EIS (Electronic Information System) directly from the economical operators. |
|
This table gives details of the registers used to gather information on waste treatment.
3.2. Classification system
Please see below.
3.2.1. Description of classification used
| Name of classifications used | Description of the classification(s) | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic activities | NACE Rev. 2, Order no 337/2007 of NIS regarding update of NACE | Similar to Regulation 1893/2006 |
| Waste types | Decision 2000/532 modified by Decision 2014/955 |
Transposition to classification of Waste Statistics Regulation according to Regulation 2150/2002, as modified and completed |
| Recovery and treatment operations | OUG 92/2021 on waste regime, as modified and completed | Represents transposition into national legislation of Directive 2008/98 on waste |
3.3. Coverage - sector
All waste types and all NACE activities + households.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
According to European and national legislation, manuals and guidelines on waste statistics.
3.5. Statistical unit
The statistical unit used for the exhaustive survey is the company (enterprise).
3.6. Statistical population
As described at point 3.1.2.
3.7. Reference area
National - Romania.
3.8. Coverage - Time
Year 2022.
3.9. Base period
Not applicable.
Tonnes.
2022.
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
- Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2002 on waste statistics.
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 782/2005 of 24 May 2005 setting out the format for the transmission of results on waste statistics.
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1445/2005 of 5 September 2005 defining the proper quality evaluation criteria an the contents of the quality reports for waste statistics.
- Commission Regulation (EU) No 849/2010 of 27 September 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council on waste statistics.
- European Statistics Code of Practice — revised edition 2017.
- Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives.
- Directive (EU) 2018/851 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 2018 amending Directive 2008/98/EC on waste.
- Commission Decision 2014/955/EU of 18 December 2014 amending Decision 2000/532/EC on the list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
- Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1004 of 7 June 2019 laying down rules for the calculation, verification and reporting of data on waste in accordance with Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Implementing Decision C(2012) 2384.
- Commission Decision of 18 November 2011 (2011/753/EU) establishing rules and calculation methods for verifying compliance with the targets set in Article 11(2) of Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
- LAW no. 226 of June 9, 2009 on the organisation and functioning of official statistics in Romania.
- Government Emergency Ordinance no. 92/2021 on the waste regime.
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
There are a few collaboration protocols with various institutions concerning different aggregation levels of data.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
According to European and national legislation.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
Not applicable
8.1. Release calendar
Results of data are published by the end of August (t +20).
8.2. Release calendar access
Not applicable
8.3. Release policy - user access
Free online-access for standard tables for all users.
Annually.
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not applicable
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Publications on NEPA's website:
- Waste statistics;
- Annual Report on the State of Environment in Romania;
- Information on waste generation and management.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not applicable
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not applicable
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not applicable
10.5. Dissemination format - other
At request, keeping data confidentiality.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not available.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
A short description of the methodology based on EUROSTAT guidelines is available in every paper and electronic publication. Legislation and questionnaires available on NEPA's website.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not applicable
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not applicable
11.1. Quality assurance
According to work procedures, validation rules, expert judgement.
11.2. Quality management - assessment
According to work procedures, validation rules, expert judgement.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Basic data and information that are processed in order to prepare Data set 1 – 3 represent the official information on waste generation and management in Romania. This information is processed in different ways, keeping data confidentiality, in order to provide information to all types of users.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not applicable
12.3. Completeness
Data sets are complete and no “M” flags have been used.
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not applicable
12.3.2. Description of missing data in the waste generation dataset
| Description of missing data in data set 1 on waste generation (waste category, economic activity, ..) |
Explanation | How to overcome the deficit |
|---|---|---|
| There are no missing data. |
12.3.3. Description of missing data in datasets on treated waste and quantities and capacities of facilities
There are no missing data.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
The overall accuracy varies between waste generation and treatment. Typically, the accuracy is good for waste treatment; relevant treatment facilities are identified by EPAs, because all these facilities are supposed to obtain the environmental permit and EPAs issue this permit.
For the industrial waste generation the accuracy is also good due to the annual survey performed by NEPA through EIS (Electronic Information System) directly from the economical operators.
However, there is some lower quality accuracy for the estimated data regarding the following NACE: A (agricultural waste), G-U (excl. 4677) for medical waste.
13.2. Sampling error
Not applicable
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
See the table Total and coefficients of variation for the key aggregates in the annex.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable
13.3.1. Coverage error
Not applicable
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
Not available.
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
Not available.
13.3.1.3. Comparison of the number of units in the Register of Business and the number of units included in the calculation of the amount of waste generated
| NACE | A | B | C10-C12 | C13-C15 | C16 | C17_C18 | C19 | C23 | C24_C25 | C26-C30 | C31-C33 | D | E36_E37_E39 | E38 | F | G-U_X_G4677 | G4677 | TOTAL excluding HH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of units in the Business Register | The information about the "number of units in the Business Register" can be obtained from the statistical office, however, so far, NEPA has used an administrative data source based on environmental permits to identify the units as described above under the sub-concept 13.1. |
|||||||||||||||||
| Number of units included in the calculation of the amount of waste generated* | 1124 | 398 | 5787 | 316 | 446 | 1790 | 442 | 13109 | 39 | 23451 | ||||||||
* for the needs of the GENER dataset (occurring in the administrative system / participating in the statistical survey).
13.3.1.4. Coverage of waste statistics with regard to extractive waste
| Coverage | Topsoil | Overburden | Waste-rock | Tailings (non-haz.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Completely covered | x | x | x | x |
| Partially covered | ||||
| Generally excluded |
13.3.1.5. Description of issues related to the allocation of mining waste to NACE section B or C
The data collection regarding the industrial waste generation was done by the annual survey performed by NEPA through EIS (Electronic Information System) directly from the economical operators. The data on industrial waste generation were collected by the questionnaire GD-PRODDES.
The waste classification provided by Decision 2000/532 and Decision 2014/955 (European Waste List) is used. The information collected was processed at national level (including transposition to waste categories from Waste Statistics Regulation).
Data regarding extractive waste generation are collected similar to data regarding industrial waste generation; as a general rule, extractive data is recorded under NACE B. All types of extractive waste are covered.
It could happen that a part of the extractive waste is reported under NACE section D, not B, because there are companies with the main activity under D section and they have also mining activities.
It is to be mentioned that the number and the capacity of facilities permitted for the treatment of waste from mining activities is not included in Data set 3.
13.3.1.6. Coverage of waste treatment facilities and criteria for exclusion
See table in the concept 3.1.8.
13.3.2. Measurement error
The statistical unit used for the exhaustive survey is the company (enterprise).
Usually, waste is weighed, either at the generation source, or at the treatment facility. If not weighed, the quantity of waste is estimated, based on common assumptions of amount of waste per container or amount of waste per volume. This measurement error cannot be considered to be significant.
Information was validated by environmental protection authorities (local EPAs, NEPA) and NIS.
13.3.3. Non response error
Non-responses management has been explained at 3.1.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
Not applicable
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
Not applicable
13.3.4. Processing error
Questionnaires are filled in on-line by companies. EPAs correct and validate at local level (it is an arithmetic control and a logical control of the data, e.g. plausibility check based on amount of waste quantity / employees / NACE code / comparability with the last year). Then NEPA aggregates, process and validates data at national level, according to the Manual / Guidelines on waste statistics. The IT software from EIS has also certain primary validation rules, both arithmetic and logic.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
Not applicable
14.1. Timeliness
There are deadlines established for each step of data collection, processing, validation and dissemination. Deadlines for other types of reports on waste management are also taken into account.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
Data have to be submitted 18 months after the end of the reference period (T+18). Delays are due to technical issues related to application.
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
About T+18m.
14.2. Punctuality
Some delays has been registered.
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
Not applicable
15.1. Comparability - geographical
The same geographical areas (Romania) are used.
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
Not applicable
15.2. Comparability - over time
Data compiled as described in each quality report.
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
Not applicable
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Not applicable
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
Not applicable
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
Not applicable
15.4. Coherence - internal
Data reported by companies within the survey described above are compared with other similar reports regarding waste generation and management.
No information available at the moment.
16.1. Burden on respondents
| Survey / Source | Type and total number of respondents | Actual no. of respondents | Time required for response | Measures taken to minimise the burden |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No information available at the moment. |
17.1. Data revision - policy
Normally, no data revisions are made unless specific and significant reasons exist, e.g. new standards or requirements from Eurostat.
17.2. Data revision - practice
When errors have been detected in the Eurostat review process, corrected data has been reported to Eurostat.
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
An explanation is provided in case of significant variation of the magnitude.
18.1. Source data
See the concept 3.1.1 above.
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annually.
18.3. Data collection
See below.
18.3.1. Description of methods of data collection on capacity of treatment facilities (Dataset FAC: facilities of treatment of waste)
Waste treatment facilities have a designed capacity, that is put in their environmental permit and that is also reported through the GD-TRAT questionnaire.
Figure regarding the number of “closed landfills” represent 3 industrial landfills (2 for hazardous waste and 1 for non-hazardous waste) that did not function in 2022 compared with 2020.
18.4. Data validation
Companies that report data on waste generation and treatment fill in specific questionnaires within the Integrated Environmental Information System that is managed by NEPA. Validation procedures include: i) primary logical and mathematical validation rules in each questionnaire; ii) specific plausibility checks for each type of questionnaire (waste codes, quantities, R/D codes etc.); iii) comparison between years for the same respondent; iv) cross-checking between different types of questionnaires; v) specific validation rules recommended by EUROSTAT.
Differences between 2022 and 2020 in terms of waste generation and treatment (both for hazardous and non-hazardous waste) are due to changes in economic activities – some activities ceased in 2022, whilst other new activities started in 2022.
Differences between generated and treated quantities come mainly from changing the waste code during the treatment flow, changing the hazardous status into non-hazardous, end of waste status after a treatment step.
18.5. Data compilation
This section is about collecting data on capacity of treatment facilities.
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
Not applicable
18.5.2. Wet matter for sludges
| 03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
11 Common sludges |
12.7 Dredging spoils |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-hazardous | hazardous | non-hazardous | non-hazardous | |
| Amounts | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
18.5.3. Indicators
| 03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
11 Common sludges |
12.7 Dredging spoils |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-hazardous | hazardous | non-hazardous | non-hazardous | |
| Amounts | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
18.6. Adjustment
Not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
Not applicable
Please see below.
28 November 2025
According to European and national legislation, manuals and guidelines on waste statistics.
The statistical unit used for the exhaustive survey is the company (enterprise).
As described at point 3.1.2.
National - Romania.
2022.
The overall accuracy varies between waste generation and treatment. Typically, the accuracy is good for waste treatment; relevant treatment facilities are identified by EPAs, because all these facilities are supposed to obtain the environmental permit and EPAs issue this permit.
For the industrial waste generation the accuracy is also good due to the annual survey performed by NEPA through EIS (Electronic Information System) directly from the economical operators.
However, there is some lower quality accuracy for the estimated data regarding the following NACE: A (agricultural waste), G-U (excl. 4677) for medical waste.
Tonnes.
This section is about collecting data on capacity of treatment facilities.
See the concept 3.1.1 above.
Annually.
There are deadlines established for each step of data collection, processing, validation and dissemination. Deadlines for other types of reports on waste management are also taken into account.
The same geographical areas (Romania) are used.
Data compiled as described in each quality report.
