1.1. Contact organisation
Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
“Centro Nazionale dei Rifiuti e dell’Economia Circolare” (National Center for the Waste and the Circular Economy), in association with “Servizio per l’informazione, le statistiche ed il reporting sullo stato dell’ambiente” (Service for the information, statistics and reporting on state of environment)
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
ISPRA - Via Vitaliano Brancati 48 00144 Rome (Italy)
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
28 November 2025
2.2. Metadata last posted
28 November 2025
2.3. Metadata last update
28 November 2025
3.1. Data description
see below
3.1.1. Description of the parties involved in the data collection
Table : Institutions involved in the collection of data and distribution of tasks
| Name of institution | Description of key responsibilities |
|---|---|
| ISPRA | Pursuant article 189 Legislative decree 152/2006 Aggregation data from different sources, elaboration, validation, reporting and quality report under the Regulation (EC) 2150/2002 |
| Regional and provincial Agencies for environmental protection (ARPA/APPA) | Data collections |
3.1.2. Description of methods determining waste generation
Data set 1: waste generation by waste category (EWC-Stat) and economic activities (NACE)
General description of methodology
| Waste item | Source | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2 | 3 | 4-5-6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11-12-13-14-15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | ||
| All items | Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
|
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
Estimates were produced for 100% of employees in the sector at national level. |
Hazardous waste: MUD database Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
Estimates were produced for 100% of employees in the sector at national level. |
Hazardous waste: MUD database Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
Estimates were produced for 100% of employees in the sector at national level |
Hazardous waste: MUD database Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: the value was obtained from data on the management of waste coming from the construction and demolition sectors, derived from MUD declarations, excluding all intermediate management operations and assuming that all the waste generated are sent for disposal or recovery operations |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: NACE G (used tires) and NACE Q (division 86): the value was obtained from data on the management of waste derived from MUD declaration, and assuming that all the waste generated are sent for disposal or recovery operations. NACE G and Q other divisions: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Targeted censuses and MUD database | |
| 3 | |||||||||||||
| 49 | |||||||||||||
| 51 |
|||||||||||||
N.B. Data on the number of employes in the sectors were obtained from ISTAT databases.
The sources are the businesses (18 NACE groupings) and households which generate waste. The waste types are the 51 waste categories for which data is required under the Waste Statistics Regulation.
3.1.3. Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of a sample survey
Determination of waste generation by (sample) survey
| Description of the sample survey | Item 1 (NACE A) |
Item 2 (NACE B) |
… | Item 18 (NACE 46.77) |
Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | … | n | 1 | 2 | … | n | … | 1 | 2 | … | n | |||
| 1 | Number of statistical units per stratum and item in accordance with the available register(s) | Not applicable | |||||||||||||
| 2 | Number of statistical units selected for a sample survey and questionnaires sent out | ||||||||||||||
| 3 | Number of non-respoinses (no replies provided; replies are unusable; units are not identifiable) | ||||||||||||||
| 4 | Part of 3: Quantity of data registered incorrectly (statistical units which do not exist, statistical units which cannot be identified) | ||||||||||||||
| 5 | Number of units (statistical units) used to calculate totals | ||||||||||||||
| 6 | Factor for weighting | ||||||||||||||
Annexes:
Description of method to elaborate data on waste generation
3.1.4. Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of information on waste treatment
| Description of the method | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scope of indirect determination (waste types and economic sectors covered) | ||||||
| 2 | Number of waste treatment facilities selected by items: | INC D10 | RECYC | BACK | DISPO I | DISPO II | |
| Not applicable | |||||||
| 3 | Method(s) applied for differentiation by waste sources: | ||||||
| 4 | Restriction of the applied methods: | ||||||
| 4.1 | Waste streams not covered: | ||||||
| 4.2 | Problems of source attachment: | ||||||
| 4.3 | Other problems: | ||||||
This table shows the proportion of waste generation covered by indirect calculation on the basis of waste treatment and how the method is applied.
Row 1 indicates what proportion of waste generation is covered by information concerning waste treatment. This can be done by referring to selected parts of the economy or to selected waste streams. This should be consistent with the table in the concept 3.1.2.
Row 2 identifies the number of waste treatment facilities included in the calculation. The numbers are expected to be equal to the number of facilities in the table in the concept 3.1.8 . Any differences should be explained.
Rows 3 to 4.3 provide a more detailed description of the methods applied. Does the original data set contain quantities of waste classified by the List of waste, by the European waste Classification for Statistics (EWC-Stat) or by a national classification? On what basis is waste which has been treated transformed into waste which has been generated? How are non-specific wastes distributed across sources and how are imported wastes excluded?
Annexes:
Description of method to determine data on waste generation from data on waste treatment
3.1.5. Description of the estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of administrative sources
Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of models or other methods
| Description of the models | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scope of the model (waste types and economic sectors covered) | NACE sector C, divisions 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 25, non-hazardous waste |
| 2 | Basic data for the estimations (production figures etc.) | The quantification of non-hazardous waste production by these divisions was made using an estimation method based on waste production per employee. In this case, selection of the method was prompted by the greater quantity of waste which is not strictly correlated with production cycles (non-specific waste types) but whose production can nevertheless be related to the size of the enterprise. The method based on waste production per employee was used to supplement MUD data on enterprises with a number of employees fewer than 10. It should be pointed out here that the estimation of waste production was made using 100% of the employees (ISTAT databases) in each NACE sector rather than limited samples. The data used for these elaborations are updated every year. |
| 3 | Description of the model and the factors applied | |
| 4 | Routines applied or foreseen to guarantee sufficient quality (periodical revision of factors, focused surveys for verification etc.) | |
| Description of the information sources | ||
| 5 | Scope for the OTHER information sources (waste types and economic sectors covered) | |
| 6 | Description of the other information source which is not fitting to the type of information sources mentioned above | |
This table is similar to the table in the concept 3.1.4 in that it shows the proportion of waste generation covered by other methods and how these methods are applied. Within this table, a distinction is made between methods based on modelling and other methods.
3.1.6. Determination methods for waste generated by households
| 1 | Indirect determination via waste collection | |
|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Description of reporting unit applied (waste collections, municipalities) | Not applicable |
| 1.2 | Description of the reporting system (regular survey on waste collection, utilisation of administrative sources) | |
| 1.3 | Waste types covered | |
| 1.4 | Survey characteristics (1.4a – 1.4d) | |
| a) Total no. of collectors / municipalities (population size) | ||
| b) No of collectors / municipalities selected for survey | ||
| c) No of responses used for the calculation of the totals | ||
| d) Factor for weighting | ||
| 1.5 | Method applied for the differentiation between the sources household and commercial activities | |
| 1.6 | Percentage of waste from commercial activities by waste types | |
| 2 | Indirect determination via waste treatment | |
| 2.1 | Specification of waste treatment facilities selected | Not applicable |
| 2.2 | Waste types covered | |
| 2.3 | Method applied for the differentiation between the sources household and commercial activities | |
| 2.4 | Percentage of waste from commercial activities by waste types | |
This table focuses on the methods applied in order to estimate the amount of waste generated by households. The various methods are identified in different parts of the table. An important distinction is made between waste generated by households, on the one hand, and waste generated by businesses, i.e. ‘commercial contamination’, on the other.
Annexes:
Data on generation of municipal waste
3.1.7. Description of data sources and methods by treatment category
Determination of treated waste quantities
| Item 1 Incineration (R1) |
Municipal and special waste management:
|
|---|---|
| Item 2 Incineration (D10) |
Municipal and special waste management:
|
| Item 3a Recycling (R2 – R11) |
Municipal and special waste management:
|
| Item 3b Backfilling |
MUD |
| Item 4 Landfilling (D1, D5, D12) |
Municipal and special waste management:
|
| Item 5 Other disposal (D2,D3,D4, D6,D7) |
MUD - In the MUD database there are no quantities of waste treated by these operations |
3.1.8. Coverage of waste treatment facilities and criteria for exclusion
| No of facilities included | No of facilities excluded | Reasons for exclusion of facilities and other comments | |
| Item 1 Incineration (R1) |
334 | 0 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Item 2 Incineration (D10) |
41 | 0 | |
| Item 3a Recycling (R2 – R11) |
6723 | 0 | |
| Item 3b Backfilling |
36 | 0 | |
| Item 4 Landfilling (D1, D5, D12) |
289 | 0 | |
| Item 5 Other disposal (D2,D3,D4, D6,D7) |
0 | 0 |
This table identifies the number of waste treatment facilities, which are included in or excluded from the compilation of data. There can be several reasons for excluding waste treatment operations: because they treat only internal waste, because they are pre-treatment facilities or because the capacity is below a nationally defined threshold, etc.
3.1.9. Registers used for identification of treatment operations
| Identification of register(s) used (name; responsible institution) | Description of register(s) (coverage: frequency and procedure of updating, etc.) |
|---|---|
| Targeted censuses of management facilities conducted by sending the relevant questionnaires to the parties holding the information (ARPA/APPA, provincial and regional authorities) or by contacting individual management plants directly. | Surveys are carried out annually |
| MUD database | The MUD declaration is returned annually. |
This table gives details of the registers used to gather information on waste treatment.
3.2. Classification system
Not available.
3.2.1. Description of classification used
| Name of classifications used | Description of the classification(s) | |
|---|---|---|
| Economic activities | NACE | Data are compiled on the basis of the “Ateco” economic classification and then aggregated by NACE macro-category. |
| Waste types | List of Wastes codes - Decision 2000/532/EC | Data were compiled by single European Waste Code before being aggregated according to the categories provided for in Regulation (EC) 2150/2002 |
| Recovery and treatment operations | The recovery and disposal operations as reported in Annexes I and II of directive 2008/98/EC |
3.3. Coverage - sector
Not available.
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
Not available.
3.5. Statistical unit
Not available.
3.6. Statistical population
The population includes all economical activities + households.
3.7. Reference area
Italy
3.8. Coverage - Time
Year
3.9. Base period
2022
Tons
Year 2022
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Legislative decree 152/2006 (article 189)
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Legislative decree 152/2006 (article 189)
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
Not applicable (the are no confidential data)
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
not applicable
8.1. Release calendar
The information from the MUD database is available, every year, in the month of July (for example, the data relating to the year 2022 are available starting from July 2023). Then, we proceed with the processing of data relating to the generation and management of municipal waste, the publication of which is expected by the end of the year. Subsequently, starting from the month of March of each year, the data relating to the generation and management of wastes from economic activities are processed, the publication of which is expected by the following month of July.
8.2. Release calendar access
- Report on Municipal waste: by the end of the year following the year of relevance of the MUD database data;
- Report on wastes from economic activities: by July of each year following the year of relevance of the MUD database data
8.3. Release policy - user access
All information relating to the generation and management of municipal and special waste is made public, every year, through the elaboration of the Report on municipal waste and the Report on waste from economic activities, developed pursuant to article 189 of Legislative Decree 152/2006 and also made available on the National Waste Cadastre website present at ISPRA. The data are published on the ISPRA institutional website, access to which is free, and their publication is announced through press releases.
Annual
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
Not available.
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
Not available.
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
Not available.
10.3.1. Data tables - consultations
Not available.
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Not available.
10.5. Dissemination format - other
Not available.
10.5.1. Metadata - consultations
Not available.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Not available.
10.6.1. Metadata completeness - rate
Not available.
10.7. Quality management - documentation
Not available.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
Not available.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
Not available.
12.3. Completeness
In the year 2022 there are no missing data. As regards the "FAC" table, the following should be noted.
- Incineration plants (D10): the data relating to the authorized quantities, are available for 38 of the 41 operating plants, equal to 93%. At regional level, while there are no incineration plants operating in Valle d’Aosta, the Provinces of Bolzano and Trento, Liguria, Umbria, Marche and Basilicata, 11 of the remaining 14 regions, show a level of data coverage reaches 100% of the operating plants. At the macrogeographic area level, while in the Nord-West regions, the Southern regions and the Islands, the coverage level of the data is equal, respectively, to 93%, 92% and 75%, in the remaining areas the coverage level is total.
- Energy recovery plants (R1): the data relating to the authorized quantities are available for 294 of the 334 operating plants, equal to 88%. At regional level, while there are no energy recovery plants operating in Valle d’Aosta, 6 regions, in addition to the province of Bolzano, show a coverage level of the data reaches 100% of the operating plants. At the macrogeographic area level, while in the North-East and in Nord-West of the country, the coverage level of the data is equal, respectively to 97% and 93%, The central and southern regions have percentages of 71% and 88%, respectively; the Islands 50%. However, it should be noted that the plants for which this data is not available are small-sized plants that treat not relevant quantities of waste compared to the total at national level, therefore, the coverage level of the data can be considered representative of the entire national context.
- Landfill plants (D1): Data relating to the residual capacity of the landfill plants are available for 282 of the 289 plants, equal to a coverage level of about 98%. Landfills for inert waste show a coverage level of 98% (the data is available for 115 of the 118 operating plants); similarly, landfills for non-hazardous waste have a coverage of 98% (the figure is available for 156 of the 160 operating plants), while the level of coverage of landfills for hazardous waste is available for the entire plant system (11 operating plants).
12.3.1. Data completeness - rate
Not available.
12.3.2. Description of missing data in the waste generation dataset
| Description of missing data in data set 1 on waste generation (waste category, economic activity, ..) |
Explanation | How to overcome the deficit |
|---|---|---|
| Not applicable | ||
12.3.3. Description of missing data in datasets on treated waste and quantities and capacities of facilities
There are no missing data
13.1. Accuracy - overall
not available
13.2. Sampling error
The quantities of waste produced and managed are evaluated by means of censuses, targeted surveys and by processing MUD declarations, these being supplemented by specific studies to extrapolate findings to the whole. In other words, the approach adopted eschews sample surveys in favour of a combination of several data collection methods, thus allowing an almost complete coverage of information.
13.2.1. Sampling error - indicators
| Totals and coefficients of variation for the key aggregates | ||||
| Key aggregate |
Amount of hazardous waste [1000 tonnes] |
Amount of Non-hazardous waste [1000 tonnes] |
Coefficient of variation hazardous waste |
Coefficient of variation non-hazardous waste |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waste generation | ||||
| Waste generated by households |
Not applicable | |||
| Waste generated by economic activities |
||||
| Waste treatment | ||||
| Waste used as fuel (item 1) (incineration in the form of recovery R1) |
not applicable | |||
| Waste incinerated (item 2) (incineration as disposal D10) |
||||
| Waste recovered (R2 – R11), incl. backfilling (item 3a and 3b) |
||||
| Waste disposed of by landfilling (D1, D5, D12) and other disposal operations (D2, D3, D4, D6, D7) (item 4 and 5) |
||||
The quantities of waste produced and managed are evaluated by means of censuses, targeted surveys and by processing MUD declarations, these being supplemented by sector-specific studies to extrapolate findings to the whole. In other words, the approach adopted eschews sample surveys in favour of a combination of several data collection methods, thus allowing an almost complete coverage of information.
13.3. Non-sampling error
Not applicable.
13.3.1. Coverage error
Description of the methods used to achieve 100% coverage of waste production
Total coverage is insured by the use of procedures and methods that are described fully in section 1 of this report (questionnaires, targeted censuses, processing of MUD data combined with specific studies and other estimation methods).
Description of the waste processing structures not included and the reason for their exclusion
As explained in Section 1 of this report, total waste sent for disposal does not include waste treated in certain types of plant, particularly waste sent to mechanical/biological treatment plants. Processing operations carried out in these types of plant were deemed to constitute D8 and/or D9 operations, which are explicitly excluded from the scope of Regulation (EC) 2150/2002.
Evaluation of generation of municipal waste
As pointed out in Section 1 of this report, data on the generation of municipal waste were collected using questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories). This information was then validated using a targeted approach (directly contacting municipal and private agencies managing municipal hygiene services) and crosschecked with the MUD database.
13.3.1.1. Over-coverage - rate
not applicable
13.3.1.2. Common units - proportion
not applicable
13.3.1.3. Comparison of the number of units in the Register of Business and the number of units included in the calculation of the amount of waste generated
| NACE | A | B | C10-C12 | C13-C15 | C16 | C17_C18 | C19 | C23 | C24_C25 | C26-C30 | C31-C33 | D | E36_E37_E39 | E38 | F | G-U_X_G4677 | G4677 | TOTAL excluding HH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| number of units in the Business Register | Not applicable | |||||||||||||||||
| number of units included in the calculation of the amount of waste generated* | ||||||||||||||||||
* for the needs of the GENER dataset (occurring in the administrative system / participating in the statistical survey)
13.3.1.4. Coverage of waste statistics with regard to extractive waste
| Coverage | Topsoil | Overburden | Waste-rock | Tailings (non-haz.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Completely covered | X | X | X | X |
| Partially covered | ||||
| Generally excluded |
13.3.1.5. Description of issues related to the allocation of mining waste to NACE section B or C
No assignment of the NACE categories is carried out because, as highlighted, the source of the data consists of the database of MUD declarations compiled by the obliged entities pursuant to Article 189 of Legislative Decree 152/2006, which indicate the code of respective economic category.
13.3.1.6. Coverage of waste treatment facilities and criteria for exclusion
See table in the concept 3.1.8. No facilities were excluded
13.3.2. Measurement error
The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.
13.3.3. Non response error
The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.
13.3.3.1. Unit non-response - rate
not applicable
13.3.3.2. Item non-response - rate
not applicable
13.3.4. Processing error
The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.
13.3.5. Model assumption error
The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.
14.1. Timeliness
Data on the generation and management of municipal waste are available by the end of the year following the reference year. As things stand, data on special waste are available within 18 months. Data are, therefore, timely, relevant and highly reliable.
14.1.1. Time lag - first result
not available
14.1.2. Time lag - final result
not available
14.2. Punctuality
| Explanation for any delay in data transmission and measures taken to avoid delays in future: |
|---|
| Not applicable |
14.2.1. Punctuality - delivery and publication
not available
15.1. Comparability - geographical
Quantification of the production and management of waste is done by means of censuses, targeted surveys, processing MUD declarations and sector-specific studies, not by means of statistical sample surveys. Information thus covers the system as a whole and is therefore always comparable
15.1.1. Asymmetry for mirror flow statistics - coefficient
not available
15.2. Comparability - over time
Quantification of the production and management of waste is done by means of censuses, targeted surveys, processing MUD declarations and sector-specific studies, not by means of statistical sample surveys. Information thus covers the system as a whole and is therefore always comparable
15.2.1. Length of comparable time series
not available
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
not available
15.3.1. Coherence - sub annual and annual statistics
not available
15.3.2. Coherence - National Accounts
not available
15.4. Coherence - internal
not available
not available
16.1. Burden on respondents
| Survey / Source | Type and total number of respondents | Actual no. of respondents | Time required for response | Measures taken to minimise the burden |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
Not applicable: the data source derives by the compulsoruy MUD declarations filled by companies or subjects which are obliged to do under the 189 of legislative decree 152/2006.
17.1. Data revision - policy
not available
17.2. Data revision - practice
not available
17.2.1. Data revision - average size
not available
18.1. Source data
- database of Environmental Compulsory Declarations (MUD)
- questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories, and municipally owned or private agencies responsible for managing municipal hygiene services
- sample surveys
Table Registers used for identification of treatment operations
| Identification of register(s) used (name; institution responsible) |
Description of register(s) (coverage, frequency and updating procedure) |
|---|---|
|
|
|
|
18.2. Frequency of data collection
Annual
18.3. Data collection
General description of which methods are used in which part of the data set
Data on municipal waste generation were collected using questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories, and municipally owned or private agencies responsible for managing municipal hygiene services). Code 20 reported in WStatR tables refers to total municipal waste. It should be noted that, in Italy, this figure includes both household waste and waste generated by commercial and service activities consigned to the municipal waste collection service. Data from the various sources were validated by means of targeted surveys and cross-checked with the database of Environmental Compulsory Declarations (MUD) set up pursuant to Law No 70/1994.
For both municipal and special waste (industrial waste and waste from economic activities), MUD declarations are filled by companies or subjects which are obliged to do under Article 189 of Legislative Decree No 152 of 3 April 2006. Moreover, the article 189 provides, relatively to non-hazardous waste production, total exemption for some specific producers and sectors (e.g.: agro industry, construction & demolition activities) and for all producers with a number of employees fewer than 10.
For the generation of special hazardous waste, since the year 2015, the MUD database does not provide all the relevant information as, declaration is not mandatory anymore for all producers. It should be noted that new exemptions have been introduced from the obligation of the MUD declaration for specific categories, pursuant to Article 69, paragraph 1 of Law 28 of December 2015, no. 221.
The lack of data of some producers inevitably influences the overall value of non-hazardous and hazardous waste production. To overcome this lack of information a useful tool for investigation can be represented by specific studies which involve the adoption of estimation methods based on the data management, assuming that all the wastes generated are sent for disposal or recovery operations, and on the definition of waste production factors per employee.
Total non-hazardous waste generation from sector F (C&D) was estimated starting from MUD data on management operations, with the exclusion of intermediate management phases (D8, D9, D14 and R11).
The same approach used for total non-hazardous waste from sector F (C&D) was applied to estimate total non-hazardous waste from human or animal health care and/or related research (NACE Q, division 86) and used tires generation (NACE G) from wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.
In order to take account legislative updates, which exclude from the waste discipline all materials managed handled as by-products, according to Article 5 of Directive 2008/98/EC, non-hazardous waste produced by Section C, divisions 10 and 11, have been quantified from MUD data on management operations.
For all the above-mentioned sectors, analyses were conducted at the level of single European Waste Code (decision 2000/532/EC). Aggregation was then carried out according to the categories provided for in Regulation 2002/2150/EC.
In other cases, the estimation methods have been applied to integrate MUD database. As previously said, MUD declaration is not mandatory for companies with fewer than 10 employees who produce non-hazardous waste.
Therefore, divisions partly estimated (integrations for companies with a number of employees fewer than 10) are: sector C, divisions 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 25.
The quantification of non-hazardous waste production by these divisions was made using an estimation method based on waste production per employee. In this case, selection of the method was prompted by the greater quantity of waste which is not strictly correlated with production cycles (non-specific waste types) but whose production can nevertheless be related to the size of the enterprise.
The method based on waste production per employee was used to supplement MUD data on enterprises with a number of employees fewer than 10. It should be pointed out here that the estimation of waste production was made using 100% of the employees (ISTAT databases) in each NACE sector rather than limited samples.
Quantification was again done by single type of waste at EWC code level. Aggregation was then done using the categories provided for in Regulation 2002/2150/EC.
For other NACE sectors the MUD database relating to year 2022 guaranteed a coverage of data close to 100%.
Data on municipal waste management, were obtained by sending specific questionnaires to the various operators and institutions concerned. In some of cases, the relevant information was supplemented with targeted surveys of individual management facilities and with data from the MUD base. This was also useful for eliminating doubts and inconsistencies that emerged during the comparison of data from different sources.
Most of the data on the management of special waste come from the MUD database and were supplemented with targeted surveys of individual management facilities.
It should be stressed that total waste sent for disposal does not include waste treated in certain types of plant, particularly waste sent to chemical/biological treatment plants. Processing operations carried out in these types of plant were deemed to constitute D8 and/or D9 operations, which are explicitly excluded from the scope of Regulation 2150/2002.
For waste incineration it should be noted that, as already reported in the quality report relating to the data for the year 2020, a new section of the MUD has been provided which contains detailed information on the authorizations issued to waste management plants. Thanks to this feature, it is possible to carry out a precise control of the management operation authorized to the municipal waste incineration plants and to attribute the correct operation to the waste treated in these plants. The check found that these plants are authorized mainly for energy recovery” operations (R1). The possibility of having more details contained in the authorization documents allowed to know the authorized capacity only for the recovery operation R1. Before the year 2020, instead, the authorized capacity of some plants authorized to carry out various recovery operations, including the energy recovery operation (R1), was the sum of all the authorized capacities. Therefore, the reported R1 authorized capacities were overestimated compared to those released only for energy recovery” operations (R1).
As regards the quantification of sludge, methods described by Eurostat in document WASTE/WG/03/02 (2022) were adopted to provide data, except for sludges from treatment of industrial or urban waste waters and sludges from on-site effluent treatment. Such sludges, in fact, are mostly treated by filter press or belt press, which already, guarantee a dry-weight amount from 25 to 30%. This methodology was adopted from the year 2012.
It should, however, be noted that this information is not provided by the various entities concerned via MUD declarations, so straightforward application of the conversion factor may produce an error in the quantification of the dry-weight amount. Generally speaking, a specific conversion factor cannot be determined, since the wet content depends on a number of parameters such as typology of sludge, climatic conditions, production cycle, sludge treatment cycle, etc.
The amount of waste used for backfilling operations was derived from MUD database referring to waste with EWC 17, according to Decision 2011/753/UE, sent to recovery operation “R10”. No waste from mechanical treatment of construction and demolition waste (List of waste, subchapter 19.12) were sent to recovery operation “R10” thus avoiding double-counting of waste. Directive 2018/851/EU amended Annex II to Directive 2008/98/EC, introducing the note to the “R5” recovery operation according to which this includes “…recovery of inorganic materials in the form of backfilling”. In national law, this amendment was implemented with Legislative Decree no. 116 of 3 September 2020. However, authorizations for waste management have not been updated with respect to this regulatory, therefore, backfilling operation is still indicated as R10. Changes to authorisations will be made after their expiry.
Data set 1: Waste generation by waste category (EWC-STAT) and economic activities (NACE)
As pointed out in the general section above, analyses are not based on sample surveys but on studies designed to guarantee an information coverage of close to 100%. For generation of municipal waste, data are collected for each municipality in the country, whilst for the generation of special waste they cover all enterprises coming under a specific NACE sector.
Details of the methods used to quantify the production and management of waste for the various NACE sectors and the typologies of waste under consideration are given in tables 2-7 below.
Table 2 – Description of methods determining waste generation
| Waste item |
|
Source |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 – 2 |
3 |
4-5-6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11-12-13-14-15 |
16 |
17 |
18 |
19 |
|
| All items |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: MUD database
|
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
Estimates were produced for 100% of main production at national level |
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
Estimates were produced for 100% of employees in the sector at national level. |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
Estimates were produced for 100% of employees in the sector at national level. |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database.
Non-hazardous waste:
Estimates were produced for 100% of employees in the sector at national level |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: MUD database |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: the value was obtained from data on the management of waste coming from the construction and demolition sectors, derived from MUD declarations, excluding all intermediate management operations and assuming that all the waste generated are sent for disposal or recovery operations. |
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste:
|
Hazardous waste: MUD database
Non-hazardous waste: MUD database
|
Targeted censuses and MUD database |
NB: Data on the number of employees in the sectors were obtained from ISTAT databases.
Table 3 - Description of classification used
|
|
Name of classification(s) used |
Description of the classification(s) (in particular compatibility with Wstat requirements) |
|---|---|---|
| Economic activities |
NACE |
Data are compiled on the basis of the “Ateco” economic classification and then aggregated by NACE macro-category. |
| Waste types |
List of Wastes codes Decision 2000/532/EC |
Data were compiled by single European Waste Code before being aggregated according to the categories provided for in Regulation (EC) 2150/2002. |
| Recovery and treatment |
The recovery and disposal operations as reported in Annexes I and II of directive 2008/98/EC |
|
Table 4 – Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of a sample survey
| Data are collected for each single municipality (generation of municipal waste) and for each individual local unit (generation of special waste). The survey method provides for targeted censuses and questionnaires and for the processing of MUD database. If MUD data do not provide full information coverage (this may occur for special non-hazardous waste production), provision is made for supplementing them with estimates as described in section 1 of this report. This guarantees coverage of the national territory as a whole. Data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (by single EWC code and/or, in the case of municipal waste, by single EWC code or each material fraction). Therefore, quantification of waste generation is not based on sample surveys. For a description of the methodology used, cf. section 1 of this report. |
Table 5 – Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of information on waste treatment
| Data are collected for individual local units by means of targeted censuses or by processing data from the MUD database. If MUD data do not provide full information coverage (this may occur for special non-hazardous waste production), provision is made for supplementing them with estimation methods as described in section 1 of this report. This guarantees coverage of the national territory as a whole. Data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (single EWC code). Therefore, quantification of waste generation is not based on sample surveys. For a description of the methodology used, cf. section 1 of this report. |
Table 6 – Estimation of waste generation in the economy on the basis of models or other methods
|
Table 7 – Determination of extractive waste generation
Waste from mining and quarrying are allocated to NACE section B or C on the basis of the kind of activity unit of local unit.
Table 8 – Determination methods for waste generated by households
Data sets 2 and 3: Waste treatment Data on municipal waste management are obtained, each year, by carrying out specific censuses, questionnaires being sent to the various entities holding the relevant information, be they regional or provincial authorities, provincial waste observatories, ARPA/APPA [Regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection], municipalities or individual management enterprises and by processing MUD declarations at local unit level. The information thus covers 100% of the country's management facilities. For special waste, data on management facilities are obtained by carrying out targeted censuses or by using the MUD database, any missing data being provided by contacting individual management facilities directly. The information thus covers 100% of the country's management facilities. Each data is subjected to a careful control and validation process.
Table 9 - Registers used for identification of treatment operations
Table 10 - Determination of treated waste quantities
Data are collected for individual local units; the figures shown thus refer to all waste management facilities in the country. 1) Principal source of data; 2) Secondary source of data |
18.3.1. Description of methods of data collection on capacity of treatment facilities (Dataset FAC: facilities of treatment of waste)
The data relating to the treatment capacities of the waste treatment plants are updated annually and collected through the specific section of the MUD declarations database, as well as through the National section of the Waste Cadastre established by Law 475/88, based in Rome at ISPRA (article 189 of legislative decree 152/2006), and through the data obtained from the bodies (ARPA/APPA) involved in the collection of data and questionnaires sent to individual plants.
18.4. Data validation
Validation performed on data of waste generation has taken into account social-economic indicators, specially, for sectors covered by the adoption of estimation methods based on the definition of waste production factors per employee, as well as comparison with historical data. Also the data on waste treatment are compared with historical data. If necessary, in order to remove doubts and inconsistencies that emerged during the comparison of data from different sources, targeted surveys of individual management facilities and mass balance for local unit have been carried out.
- comparison over time
a) (total/hazardous) waste generation by NACE: comparison over time takes into account social-economic indicators and historical data referring to NACE sectors. As data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (single EWC code) a check is carried out during collection and clearance of data, for example, correcting errors of measurement units.
b) hazardous share by NACE: hazardous waste generation by NACE is verified by checking historical data and taking account social-economic indicators.
c) treatment by operation [WST_OPER]): check of treatment by operation is carried out during data clearance, by comparison with historical data, and by the examination of authorization provisions.
d) generation & treatment by waste category: comparison between generation & treatment by waste category is not achievable as the amount treated does not take into account the quantities of pre-treated waste (R12, D8, D9, D13, D14) or stored waste (R13, D15) before subsequent recovery or disposal operations, as well as quantities of exported waste. In fact, comparison between generation and treatment by waste categories shows, in some cases, large differences, due to the lack of quantities treated by operation mentioned before.
e) relation treatment/generation by waste category: as previously reported, relation between treatment & generation by waste category is not achievable as the amount treated does not take into account the quantities of pre-treated waste (R12, D8, D9, D13, D14) or stored waste (R13, D15) before subsequent recovery or disposal operations, as well as quantities of exported waste. However, coherence of data by waste categories has been checked through comparison of waste generated and waste treated by all treatment operations. Moreover, data on waste management are compared, with the historical data, in order to verify data correctness.
f) generation & treatment: largest differences for inner cells, as previously reported large differences, are due to the lack of quantities treated by operation mentioned before (see point d) and e)).
- relation generation/treatment (totals): the amount treated, as a result of the provisions of Regulation (EC) n. 2150/2002, does not take into account the quantities of pre-treated waste (R12, D8, D9, D13, D14) or stored waste (R13, D15) before subsequent recovery or disposal operations, as well as quantities of exported waste. Therefore, relation between total waste generation and treatment is not achievable.
- implausible combinations treatment operation/waste categories: any wrong combinations treatment operation/waste categories have been corrected during data collection and clearance through comparison with historical data and control accuracy pursuant to community and national legislation.
- treated amounts vs. treatment capacities (incineration): the total quantity of waste treated in incineration plants (D10), in 2022, amounted to over 671 thousand tons corresponding to 80% of total authorized capacities (about 840 thousand tons). Data on the authorized capacity is available for 38 of the 41 operating plants (93% of the total operating plants). In the case of energy recovery plants (R1), data on authorized capacity are available for 294 of the 334 operating plants (88% of the total operating plants); the amount of waste treated in such plants (about 7,3 million tons), represents 59% of the total authorized capacities (12,3 million tons). The remaining plants process small quantities of waste; therefore, the data on authorized capacities can be considered representative of the national context.
Major changes
Changes compared with previous years
The total waste generation that, in the year 2022 amount to 189,6 million tons, shows, in comparison with the year 2020, an increment of 14,7 million tons, mainly related to non-hazardous waste, the quantity of which (179,5 million tons) shows an increase of about 14,6 million tons, while that of hazardous waste (about 10,1 million tons), grows by over 123 thousand tons. The increase in non-hazardous waste is attributable to almost all sectors of NACE Rev. 2, with the sole exception of the E36-E37-E39, E 38 and 4677 sectors which are instead affected by reductions. There is also a general upward trend for hazardous waste; however, some sectors such as G-U_X (excl. 4677), E38, C13-C15, A, C17-C18 and waste generated by household, are characterized by a negative trend.
The NACE sectors affected by the most significant differences, compared to data for the year 2020, are listed below:
- NACE F (Construction): the non-hazardous waste generation is influenced by the increases in the item 12.1 (mineral waste from construction and demolition) for the wastes identified by codes 170904 (+6,5 million tons), 170101 (+1,4 million tons), 170107 (+about 900 thousand tons) and 170302 (+ about 259 thousand tons). It should be emphasized, however, that for this waste, the most substantial differences were recorded in the period 2020-2021 (+ about 5 million tons for 170904, +1,1 million tons for 170101, and +800 thousand tons for 170107), while for code 170302 there is an increase of over 1 million tons between 2020 and 2021 and a reduction in the two year period 2021-2022 which has realigned the generation to that of 2020, with a difference of 259 thousand tons. In reference to the item 12.6 (soils), the waste identified by the code 170504 (+ 4 million thousand tons), is characterized by a greatest variation between 2020 and 2021 (+3,2 million tons), while between 2021 and 2022 there is an increment of 800 thousand tons. The item 6.1 (metallic wastes, ferrous), denotes a positive change due the waste identified by the code 170405 characterized by an increase of about 800 thousand tons, strongly influenced by the major quantities generated in the year 2021 (+ 1,1 million tons respect the year 2020), while the period 2021-2022 denotes a reduction of over 300 thousand tons. Other increases were found in the item 6.2 (metallic waste, non-ferrous) for waste code 170402 (+about 114 thousand tons), code 170411 (+ about 14 thousand tons), while for the code 170401 (+34 thousand tons) the difference is exclusively due to the 2020-2021 trend, and in the item 12.8 – 13 (mineral waste from waste treatment and stabilized wastes), which denotes a rise in the quantity of the waste code 190305 (+about 110 thousand tons) and the code 191209 (+ 20 thousand tons). in both cases the increases were detected in the two-year period 2020-2021, while slight declines were recorded in the subsequent two-year period 2021-2022. The generation of hazardous waste, in the same NACE sector shows a raise of over 70 thousand tons in the item 12.6 (soils) due to the waste code 170503, confirming the trend already observed in the 2020-2021 period.
- NACE E38 (Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; material recovery): in the year 2022 this sector is interested by a reduction of non-hazardous waste which concern, in particular, the item 12.4 (combustion wastes) due a substantial loss in the generation of the waste identified by the code 100202 (- about 2,1 million tons) whose relevance has already been noted in the two-year period 2020-2021 (-1,8 million tons) and further reduced in the two-year period 2021-2022 (- 240 thousand tons). Other reduction can be observed in the item 3.3 (sludges and liquid wastes from waste treatment), mostly due to the waste code 190703 which shows a contraction of 800 thousand tons and for the code 190606 with reduction equal to about 60 thousand tons. Again, in relation to non-hazardous waste, an increment is instead noted in the item 10.3 (sorting residues), especially for the waste identified by the code 191210 which presents a rise of 300 thousand tons, confirming the growth trend of the two-year period 2020-2021, the code 191212 (+ 130 thousand tons), despite highlighting a loss of 400 thousand tons between 2021 and 2022, while a reduction is observed for waste identified by code 190503 (-170 thousand tonnes) after an increase of 30 thousand tonnes detected in the two-year period 2020-2021. Other increases were detected in the item 7.5 (wood waste) for the waste code 191207 (+320 thousand tons), to be attributed almost entirely to the change in the two-year period 2020-21, in the item 6.1 (metallic waste-ferrous), especially for the waste codes 191212 (+200 thousand tons) and 191001 which increases by 70 thousand tons and, finally, in the item 7.4 (plastic wastes) for the wastes identified by the code 191204 which increases by 300 thousand tons, confirming the trend already noted in the 2020-2021 period. Regarding the generation of hazardous waste, this NACE sector is affected by a reduction in waste pertaining to the item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes) where the progressive reduction of waste containing asbestos identified by code 170605 is highlighted (-136 thousand tons). The trend is different for item 10.3 (sorting residues) for which there is an increase in the generation of the waste identified by the codes 190204 (+75 thousand tons) with greater relevance in the two-year period 2020-2021 and 191211 (+25 thousand tons between 2020 and 2021) which remains stable in the two-year period 2021-2022.
- NACE D (Electricity, gas, stream and air conditioning supply): this sector is interested by a significant increase of the quantity of non-hazardous waste generated in item 12.4 (combustion wastes), especially for the code 100102 which shows a rise of about 490 thousand tons (+400 thousand tons between 2021 and 2022), the code 100101 (+ 50 thousand tons) and the code 100105 which, after a reduction of 50 thousand tons in the two-year period 2020-2021, realigns to the values of previous years with an increase of 30 thousand tons, compared to 2020.
- NACE E36_E37_E39 (Water collection, treatment and supply, sewerage and remediation activities and other waste management services): regard to the generation of non-hazardous waste, this sector is characterized by an important reduction of waste listed in the item 11 (common sludges) due to the wastes code 190805 (-200 thousand tons) entirely attributable to the two-year period 2020-2021, and the code 200306 (- over 180 thousand tons), whit the major loss between 2020 and 2021 and those related the item 10.3 (sorting residues) related to the code 191212 (-180 thousand tons). Also in this case, the most significant reduction is recorded in the two-year period 2020 - 2021. As for the hazardous waste generated in this sector, the item 12.6 (soils) shows an increase due to the major generation of the waste identified by the code 170503 (+120 thousand tons) with a growth trend already detected in the two-year period 2020-2021.
- NACE C16 (Manufacture of wood and of product of wood and cork, except furniture; manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials): this sector denotes an increase almost entirely attributable to item 7.5 (wood waste), due to the major quantities relating to the codes 191207 (+390 thousand tons) with the most significant difference between 2020 and 2021 (+280 thousand tons) and 030105 with an increase of 70 thousand tons.
- NACE C23 (Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products): this NACE sector is affected by an increment which, in relation to non-hazardous waste, concerns the item 10.3 (sorting residues) due to the major quantities of waste relating to code 190203, not present in 2020, but detected in 2021 in a quantity equal to over 100 thousand tons. In the item 12.2-12.3-12.5 (other mineral wastes) increases are noted in the quantities relating to the codes 010413 (+100 thousand tons) and 080202 (+ about 30 thousand tons), both detected in the period 2020 - 2021, while in the following two years (2021-2022) reductions equal, respectively, to 10 thousand tonnes and 15 thousand tonnes; a growth of 20 thousand tons is also noted for the code101311.
- NACE C24-C25 (Manufacture of basic metals, manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment): the generation of non-hazardous waste shows a reduction in the waste relating to the item 12.4 (combustion wastes), especially for the code 100202 (-about 1 million tons) therefore the loss trend already recorded in the two-year period 2020-2021 is confirmed. Some increases, however, concern waste identified by codes 100201 (+ about 60 thousand tons) and 100903 (+ 50 thousand tons), the latter realigning itself with the values of previous years, after an increase of about 350 thousand tons in the two-year period 2020-21. Again, with reference to non-hazardous waste, there is an increase in the generation of waste relating to item 6.1 (metallic waste, ferrous) due to the waste identified by the codes 120101 (+180 thousand tons) and 120102 (+110 thousand tons) and for those relating to item 10.2 (mixed and undifferentiated materials) for the waste code 120199, which increases by about 170 thousand tons. As regards hazardous waste, a negative change is noted for waste relating to item 12.2-12.3-12.5 (other mineral wastes), referring to the code 110202 the quantity of which going from over 59 thousand tons in 2020, to around 70 thousand tons in 2021, to only about 1.300 tons in 2022. The trend is different in the item 1.2 (acid, alkaline or saline wastes) for which there is a greater contribution of waste identified by codes 110105 (+ 25 thousand tons), 100308 (+10 thousand tons) and 110107 (+ 6 thousand tons), the quantities of which remain stable compared to the generation of the year 2021.
- NACE C26-C30 (Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment, machinery and equipment n.e.c., motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other transport equipment): the most significant differences in this sector are attributable to the non-hazardous waste listed in the item 6.1 (metallic wastes, ferrous), in particular, those identified by the code 120101 (+ about 80 thousand tons) and the code 120102 (+ over 20 thousand tons). For both codes, the most substantial differences were found in the two-year period 2020-2021, with increases equal, respectively, to 70 thousand tons and 30 thousand tons.
- NACE 4677 (Wholesale of waste and scrap): in this sector there is a significant reduction for non-hazardous waste in item 10.3 (sorting residues), due to the lower quantities of waste identified by code 191210 which goes from 116 thousand tons in 2020 to about 104 thousand tonnes in 2021, reaching zero in 2022 and by codes 191212 (- 100 thousand tons) and 191004 (-100 thousand tons), both in progressive contraction. On the contrary, the wastes identified by code 191205, relating to item 7.1 (glass wastes), are affected by a progressive growth which between 2020 and 2022 stands at + 140 thousand tons.
- NACE B (Mining and quarrying): the increase emerging in this sector is influenced by the non-hazardous waste identified by code 161002 in item 3.2 (industrial effluent sludges) which shows a growth of about 100 thousand tonnes, almost entirely attributable to the two-year period 2020-2021.
- EP_HH (Waste generated by household): the non-hazardous waste generated by household is significantly influenced by the reduction of waste listed in item 10.1 (household and similar wastes), due to the unsorted waste identified by code 200301 (- 530 thousand tons). Instead, as regards other municipal waste from separate collection, there is a further increase of 220 thousand tons in the quantity of waste identified by code 200108 relating to item 9.1 (animal and mixed food wastes) while the trend towards reduction is confirmed for biodegradable waste identified by code 200201 relating to item 9.2 (vegetal wastes) which shows a loss of about 160 thousand tons. Other difference in this sector is noted in the in the item 7.2 (paper and cardboard wastes) due to the waste code 150101 (+240 thousand tons) while there is a reduction of 100 thousand tons in the quantities of waste code 200101, item 7.4 (plastic wastes), due to the waste codes 150102 (+ 120 thousand tons), item 7.5 (wood wastes) due to the waste code 200138 (+80 thousand tons) and 150103 (+ 40 thousand tons) and the item 7.1 (glass wastes), due the waste code 150107 which increased by 120 thousand tons.
- NACE G-U_X (excl. 4677) (Service activities): the generation of non-hazardous waste in this sector shows an increase in waste identified by code 191209, relating to item 12.8-13 (mineral wastes from waste treatment and stabilised wastes), the quantity of which, in line with the 2021 data, denotes a rise of over 100 thousand tons. Instead, the generation of hazardous waste is characterized by a significant drop in the quantity of end-of-life vehicles (code 160104) which, after an increase of over 70 thousand tons between 2020 and 2021, denotes a contraction, compared to the year 2020, of over 320 thousand tons.
The total waste management, in the year 2022, which amount to 160 million tons, shows, compared to the year 2020, an increase of 13 million tons. The quantity of non-hazardous waste (about 156 million tons) highlights a rise of 13,4 million tons, while the quantity of hazardous waste (4 million tons) decreases of over 363 thousand tons.
Compared to the year 2020, for non-hazardous waste, there is a raise in the quantities destined for material recovery operations; in particular, is observed an increase of 14,7 million tons in the quantities of waste subjected to “recovery other than energy recovery – except backfilling” (R2 - R11) operations and of 135 thousand tons in the quantities sent to “recovery other than energy recovery – Backfilling” operations, which go from about 302 thousand tons to about 437 thousand tons. This trend contrasts with a reduction of about 1,3 million tons in the quantities of waste “disposed of in landfills”. The reduction in the managed amount also affects the quantities sent to “energy recovery” operations (R1), that go from about 7,9 million tons to about 7,8 million tons (- 148 thousand tons), while the quantity subjected to “incineration” operations (D10), about 286 thousand tons remains stable.
With reference to hazardous waste, these are influenced by a general reduction which characterizes, in particular, the quantities sent to “landfill disposal” which decreases by about 312 thousand tons and to a lesser extent, the quantities sent to “recovery other than energy recovery – except backfilling” (R2 - R11) operations which shows a decrease of 44 thousand tons.
The main differences in non-hazardous waste management are highlighted below:
- Item 12.1 (mineral waste from construction and demolition): in coherence with the data on generation, this sector increased by about 8,4 million tons. The major changes are due to the wastes identified by the codes 170904 (+ 6 million tons), 170101 (+ 1,2 million tons) and 170107 (+ 800 thousand tons), all treated in “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations. For these last two codes, the most significant increases were recorded between 2020 and 2021, equal to 1,1 million tons (170101) and 700 thousand tons (170107), while the code 170904 confirms the trend already recorded in the year 2021. As regards the remaining codes, 170102 and 170103 show increases equal respectively to 250 thousand tons and 50 thousand tons. The waste identified by the code 170302, which denote a rise of 200 thousand tons, is affected by an increase of 700 thousand tons between 2020 and 2021 and by a reduction of 500 thousand tons between 2021 and 2022. The wastes subjected to “recovery other than energy recovery – Backfilling” operations are affected by a gradual increase that concerns those identified by the codes 170904 (+ 130 thousand tons) and codes 170107 and 170101, with increase equal, respectively, to 9 thousand tons and 6 thousand tons. On the other hand, there is a decrease of about 120 thousand tons in the quantities “disposed of in landfill” mainly due to the lower contribution of waste identified by codes 170107 (- 100 thousand tons) and 170508 (- 90 thousand tons), while the quantities relating to the codes 170904 and 170101 increase, respectively, to about 70 thousand tons and 10 thousand tons.
- Item 12.6 (soils): this category shows an increase of about 3,1 million tons entirely attributable to the waste identified by the code 170504 treated in “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations. The major increase is recorded between 2020 and 2021 (+ 3 million tons). Instead, in relation to the quantities “disposed of in landfill”, for the same code, is confirmed a gradual reduction which, between 2020 and 2022, is equal to 400 thousand tons.
- Item 10.3 (sorting residues): decreased by 1 million tons. The most significant differences are found in the quantities “disposed of in landfill” affected by a decree of 900 thousand tons, spreads to all codes and, in particular, 191212 (-570 thousand tons), 190501 (-140 thousand tons), 190503 (-80 thousand tons), 190203 (-70 thousand tons) and 191004 (-40 thousand tons). A similar trend, even if of lesser entity, can be found in the quantities treated by “energy recovery” (R1) operations (- about 138 thousand tons) and “incineration” (D10) operations (- over 64 thousand tons), both attributable to the waste identified by codes 191212 and 191210. The trend for the “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations is different, showing a growth of over 88 thousand tons, which affects the waste identified by the codes 190203 (+180 thousand tons), 190501 (+110 thousand tons), and 191210 (+60 thousand tons).
- Item 6.1 (metallic wastes, ferrous): this item shows an increment of over 984 thousand tons, almost entirely attributable to the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations and due, in particular, to the code 170405 (+ 400 thousand tons). This code denotes an increase of 1 million tons between 2020 and 2021 and a reduction of 600 thousand tones between 2021 and 2022. As regards the other wastes, there is an increase for those identified by the code 120101 (+ 400 thousand tons between 2020 and 2021), which remain stable between 2021 and 2022. Other increases are recorded for codes 191001 (+70 thousand tons) and 100210 (+24 thousand tons).
- Item 7.2 (paper and cardboard wastes): this category is affected by a progression of over 900 thousand tons which concerns the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling”. This trend characterizes the wastes identified by the code 150101 (+ 700 thousand tons), the code 191201 (+60 thousand tons) and the code 200101, whose production, after a significant reduction in the period 2020-2021, aligns again with the data of previous years, with an increase of 140 thousand tones.
- Item 7.1 (glass wastes): shows an increase of about 660 thousand tons, due to the larger quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, especially for the waste identified by the codes 191205 (+470 thousand tons) and 150107 (+200 thousand tons) with the quantity realigning to the 2020 figure, after a reduction of 1,2 million tons in the two-year period 2020-2021. A reduction of 20 thousand tons was recorded, however, for code 200102.
- Item 10.1 (household and similar waste): denotes a negative variation of over 600 thousand tons which characterizes all types of management operations, with the sole exception of incineration (D10) operations which denotes an increment of 50 thousand tons for the waste identified by the code 200301, with a consequent reduction in the quantities sent to the “energy recovery” (R1). The quantity of waste sent “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations was affected by a reduction of approximately 570 thousand tons which mainly concerns the code 200301 (-500 thousand tons). Other reductions are related to the codes 200307 (- 35 thousand tons) and 200302 (-15 thousand tons), while an increase is noted for waste identified by code 200303 (+30 thousand tons).
- Item 9.1 (animal and mixed food waste): in this category it was observed a progression of about 560 thousand tones relating almost entirely to the quantities of waste sent to “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, in particular for the code 200108. Coherently with the increase in separate collection, this type of waste presents an increase in the quantities sent for recovery in biological treatment plants (composting and anaerobic digestion or integrated treatment plants) of 400 thousand tons confirming the trend already recorded in previous years. Other increases is observed also for the codes 200125 (+ 86 thousand tons) and 020201 (+11 thousand tons), while waste identified by code 020501 is affected by a reduction of 11 thousand tons.
- Item 12.8 – 13 (mineral wastes from waste treatment and stabilized wastes): this category denotes an increas of about 455 thousand tons determined by the largest quantities “disposed of in landfill”. Are affected by this trend the waste identified by code 191209 (+190 thousand tons), 190305 (+170 thousand tons), both with greater differences in the period 2020 – 2021, the code 190307 (+74 thousand tons and code 190112 (+39 thousand tons), which presents a contextual reduction of 43 thousand tons in the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling”. This type of treatment also outlines the zeroing of the quantities relating to code 190305 from about 19 thousand tons in the year 2020, while there is an increment of 40 thousand tons for the code 191209.
- Item 7.4 (plastic wastes): this category shows an increment in the quantities managed equal to about 439 thousand tons which affects the “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations. This trend characterizes, in particular, the waste identified by code 070213 (+ 30 thousand tons) and code 191204 (+400 thousand tons) which denotes a consequent loss in the quantities “disposed of in landfill” and those treated in “energy recovery” (R1) operations equal, respectively to, 11 thousand tons and 9 thousand tons.
- Item 7.5 (wood wastes): increased by 434 thousand tons, to which the greater quantities of waste sent sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations and those sent for energy recovery contribute. In the first case, increases were recorded, especially for waste identified by code 191207 (+200 thousand tons), whose trend appears positive in the two-year period 2020-2021 (+300 thousand tons) and at a loss in the two-year period 2021-2022 (-150 thousand tons). A similar trend also affects the code 150103 (+ 150 thousand tons), whose management increases of 170 thousand tons between 2020 and 2021 and decreases in the subsequent period 2021-2022 (- 25 thousand tons). As regards the quantities treated in “energy recovery” (R1) operations, an increase of 100 thousand tons is noted for waste identified by code 030105 and of 17 thousand tons for code 191207. In both types of waste, this trend has been recorded in the period 2020-2021 while they remain almost stable for the subsequent period 2021-2022.
- Item 9.2 (vegetal waste): this category recorded a general reduction of over 200 thousand tons essentially due to the lower contribution of waste identified by code 200201. In line with the lower quantity generated, the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations show a gradual reduction which stands at 216 thousand tons in the period 2020-2021 and 16 thousand tons in the two-year period 2021-2022.
- Item 6.2 (metallic waste, non-ferrous): the quantity of waste sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations increased by over 200 thousand tons, to be attributed to the codes 191203 (+90 thousand tons), 170402 (+ 40 thousand tons) and 170404 (+15 thousand tons), all in line with the trend of previous years. Other increments are recorded to the codes 170401 (+35 thousand tons), and 120103 (+ about 30 thousand tons), both characterized, in the two-year period 2021-2022, by reductions equal, respectively, to 16 thousand tons and 20 thousand tons.
- Item 10.2 (mixed and undifferentiated materials): this category shows an increment of 200 thousand tons which is mainly due to the largest quantities sent for for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations (+ about 298 thousand tons) determined by the waste identified by the codes 120199 (+120 thousand tons), 190699 (+160 thousand tons), 040199 and 150106, each with 24 thousand tons more, while there is a lower contribution for the waste identified by code 100299 (- 40 thousand tons). Related to the other types of management, while the quantities “disposed of in landfill” are affected by an increase of 30 thousand tons, the waste treated in “energy recovery” (R1) operations denotes, instead, a reduction of over 120 thousand tons essentially due to the lower contribution of waste generated by anaerobic treatment identified by the code 190699.
- Item 8.1 (discarded vehicles): this category denotes a reduction of over 150 thousand tons in the quantity of end-of-life vehicles identified by code 160106, confirming the trend already noted in the period 2021 - 2022, unlike the two-year period 2020 - 2021 (+120 thousand tons).
As regards hazardous waste, the main differences are listed below:
- Item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes): the wastes listed in this item are characterized by a reduction of over 200 thousand tons due, essentially to the waste identified by the code 170605 which shows a reduction of 160 thousand tons, confirming the trend already detected in the period 2020-2021, and the code 110202 which presents a loss of 58 thousand tons.
- Item 8.1 (discarded vehicles): the management of end-of-life vehicles, whose quantities appeared stable in the two-year period 2020-2021, was also affected by a negative change which, compared to 2020, amounted to over 220 thousand tons. In this regard, please, note that, as already highlighted in the quality report relating to waste statistics for the year 2018 and 2020, the end-of-life vehicles, are accounted among hazardous waste sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, because, the examination of the pertinent section dedicated to the authorizations of treatment plants, introduced in the MUD declarations, showed that plants are mainly authorized to carry out the recovery operations identified with the codes “R4” or, in some cases “R12”.
- Item 1.2 (acid, alkaline or saline wastes): the wastes listed in this item show an increment in the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, especially for those identified by the code 100308, with a rise of 40 thousand tons and the codes 110105 and 110107, with increments equal, respectively, to about 10 thousand tons and 3 thousand tons.
- Item 12.8 – 13 (mineral wastes from waste treatment and stabilized wastes): this item is characterized by a positive variation of over 56 thousand tons, largely influenced by the waste identified by the code 190304 “disposed of in landfills”. The remaining types of treatment do not show significant differences.
- Item 12.1 (mineral waste from construction and demolition): the wastes listed in this category indicate a reduction in the quantities of wastes “disposed of in landfills” (-49 thousand tons), especially, due to the smaller quantities of waste identified by the code 170903 (-17 thousand tons) for which the greatest reduction (-12 thousand tons) was detected in the period 2020-2021, the codes 170507 and 170603 which present contractions equal, respectively, to 24 thousand tons and 17 thousand tons. A different trend is observed for the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations with the quantity of waste identified by code 170903 increasing by over 10 thousand tons.
- Item 3.2 (industrial effluent sludges): this item indicates a negative variation partly due to the smaller quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations where there was a decrease of 11 thousand tons for the waste identified by the code 191103, and partly to the reduction of the quantities “disposed of in landfills” for the waste identified by the codes 190813 (- 4 thousand tons) and 100120 (- 8 thousand tons).
- Item 1.3 (used oils): the wastes listed in this category indicate an increment of about 31 thousand tons which essentially derives from the larger quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, for the waste identified by codes 130208 (+10 thousand tons), 130205 (+ 10 thousand tons), and 130506 (+ 6 thousand tons). The waste identified by the latter two codes also contributes to the increase in quantities treated in “energy recovery” (R1) operations (+ 7 thousand tons).
- Item 08.41 (batteries and accumulators wastes): this item is characterized by a further reduction of 25 thousand tons in the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, almost entirely due to the smaller quantity of lead batteries (code 160601).
18.5. Data compilation
Wet matter for sludges
As requested, the below table contains the amounts of waste generated for the NACE total in tones of wet matter.
| 03.2 |
Industrial effluent sludges |
NHAZ |
W |
4.660.092 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03.2 |
Industrial effluent sludges |
HAZ |
W |
860.725 |
| 11 |
Common sludges (excl. dredging spoils) |
NHAZ |
W |
6.065.871 |
| 12.7 |
Dredging spoils |
NHAZ |
W |
81.490 |
| 12.7 |
Dredging spoils |
HAZ |
W |
10.521 |
18.5.1. Imputation - rate
not applicable
18.5.2. Wet matter for sludges
| 03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
11 Common sludges |
12.7 Dredging spoils |
12.7 Dredging spoils |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-hazardous | hazardous | non-hazardous | non-hazardous | hazardous | |
| amounts | 4.660.092 | 860.725 | 6.065.871 | 81.490 | 10.521 |
The table contains the amounts of waste generated, fot NACE-total in tons of wet matter
18.5.3. Indicators
| 03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
03.2 Industrial effluent sludges |
11 Common sludges |
12.7 Dredging spoils |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-hazardous | hazardous | non-hazardous | non-hazardous | |
| Amounts | not available | |||
18.6. Adjustment
not applicable
18.6.1. Seasonal adjustment
not applicable
any comments
see below
28 November 2025
Not available.
Not available.
The population includes all economical activities + households.
Italy
Year 2022
not available
Tons
Wet matter for sludges
As requested, the below table contains the amounts of waste generated for the NACE total in tones of wet matter.
| 03.2 |
Industrial effluent sludges |
NHAZ |
W |
4.660.092 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03.2 |
Industrial effluent sludges |
HAZ |
W |
860.725 |
| 11 |
Common sludges (excl. dredging spoils) |
NHAZ |
W |
6.065.871 |
| 12.7 |
Dredging spoils |
NHAZ |
W |
81.490 |
| 12.7 |
Dredging spoils |
HAZ |
W |
10.521 |
- database of Environmental Compulsory Declarations (MUD)
- questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories, and municipally owned or private agencies responsible for managing municipal hygiene services
- sample surveys
Table Registers used for identification of treatment operations
| Identification of register(s) used (name; institution responsible) |
Description of register(s) (coverage, frequency and updating procedure) |
|---|---|
|
|
|
|
Annual
Data on the generation and management of municipal waste are available by the end of the year following the reference year. As things stand, data on special waste are available within 18 months. Data are, therefore, timely, relevant and highly reliable.
Quantification of the production and management of waste is done by means of censuses, targeted surveys, processing MUD declarations and sector-specific studies, not by means of statistical sample surveys. Information thus covers the system as a whole and is therefore always comparable
Quantification of the production and management of waste is done by means of censuses, targeted surveys, processing MUD declarations and sector-specific studies, not by means of statistical sample surveys. Information thus covers the system as a whole and is therefore always comparable
