Turkish Statistical Institute

Environment and Sustainable Development Statistics Department

Turkiye Istatistik Kurumu Baskanligi

Devlet Mah. Necatibey Cad. No:114

06420 Çankaya/ANKARA

4 datasets are reported to Eurostat. Data represents the amounts of waste generated by manufacturing industry, energy sector, mining establishments, municipalities, villages, clinical waste from health institutions, the amounts of waste treated in waste treatment facilities, the number and the capacity of waste treatment facilities by their regions. Therefore, data mentioned above were given for 2020.

Before 2018, EWC-Stat categories were integrated to our questionnaires for waste classification starting from 2004. Since 2018, List of Waste (LoW) has been integrated to our questionnaires for waste classification. For the classification of the economic activities, NACE Rev. 2  is considered.

Table 2:      Description of classifications used

Manufacturing industry, energy sector, mining establishments, municipalities, villages, health institutions and treatment facilities are covered by the statistics.

Data have been collected according to framework of the OECD/EUROSTAT core set of environmental data and indicators in the scope of waste statistics.

Waste: any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard.

The sludges (including the dredging spoils) are measured in dry matter.

Household waste  are estimated according to the share of households in the collected amount of municipal waste.

In generally, waste data are compiled based on WStatR and manual on waste statistics concepts and definitions.

Reporting units may be:  municipalities, thermal power plants, manufactıring industry establishments, mining establishments and organized industrial zones. Observation units are units of weight of waste

In the table on waste generation: the national waste generated due to sector coverage mentioned.

In the table on waste treatment: all waste treated within the boarders of the nation due to sector coverage mentioned (consequently excluding exports and including imports of waste).

For generation and treatment dataset, referance area is Turkey.

For regio dataset, data is given according to the Classification of Statistical Regions (SRE)

Data is published biennial since 2004.

Not applicable.

Type of data source for waste statistics 2020 was census. Only the type of data source for medical waste data 2020 was administrative. 

Data on waste is required biennially in the scope of European Union Waste Statistics Regulation. The surveys are applied biennially in order to provide data for Official Statistics Programme studies and Waste Statistics Regulation.

Data collection for waste statistics in 2020 is implemented via web-based data entry application. Only medical waste data 2020 was produced based on the administrative registers. 

In terms of municipal waste, TurkStat has been surveying all of the municipalities annually since 1994 with a waste questionnaire that covers all the waste services given by or on behalf of the municipalities. 

Medical waste data 2020 was produced based on the administrative registers of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanisation covering health institutions listed in annex-1 of Medical Waste Control Regulation (university hospitals and clinics thereof, general hospitals and clinics thereof, maternity hospitals and clinics thereof, and military hospitals and clinics thereof) which produce waste in large quantities. Clinical waste data is reported under service sector. 

Data for energy sector are collected within the scope of the thermal power plants statistics, and all thermal power plants with an installed capacity of 100 MW or more have been surveyed since 1992. Data regarding the amount of waste generated and waste disposal methods of all thermal power plants are compiled within this survey.

Data for manufacturing industry are collected within the scope of manufacturing industry waste statistics. All manufacturing industry establishments having 50 or more employees have been covered in the scope of the survey. Amount and destination of waste generated by waste categories are investigated with this survey.

Waste data for mining sector is available in TurkStat since 2010. The scope of Mining Establishments Water, Wastewater and Waste Statistics survey in 2020 was mining establishments, which submitted production data for the referance year to General Directorate of Mining Affairs. Establishments dealing only with enrichment processes are out of scope. 

Data for organized industrial regions are collected via organized industry environment statistics survey. Waste data for industrial regions are given under service sector. All organized industrial zones having completed their infrastructure are covered in the scope of the survey.

Validation was performed both on microdata and tabulated data.

SAS Programme were used for these validation checks.

Some type of checks implemented for all surveys are as follows;

•   Examining the reasons of non-response
•   Checking the measurement or typing errors in terms of units
•   Comparison with previous year for the matching units. The thresholds for deviation for waste amounts were 25 % increase and decrease according to the previous year.
•   Checking the data exceeding the thresholds value within the same sector for non-matching units.
•   Consistency of the replies for the related questions in the same questionnaire (inner-consistency checks) 

As an example of the validation approach of TurkStat ; some validation steps for waste treatment facilities survey are given below; 

•   Eliminating the facilities which only performed pre-treatment operations in 2016
•   Checking the consistency of waste types and treatment methods;

1. Recyclable waste – D1 ?
2. Plastic Waste – R5 ?
3. Metallic waste- R3 ?

  Checking the consistency of waste types and facility type;                                                                   

1.   Metallic waste – composting plant?
2.   Discarded vehicles – co-incineration plant?
3.   Plastic waste- controlled landfill?

•   Cross-checking with other data sets

1.   Municipal Waste Survey (are all municipal waste brought to controlled landfills covered? )
2.   Health Institutions Survey (are the total amounts of medical waste consistent? )
3.   Amount of waste generated (from sectoral surveys) were controlled with treated amounts by waste categories.

•   Checking the treated waste amounts by facility types

  Comparing  the capacities by facility types

The waste aggregates are calculated as the sum over the survey data.

Not applicable.

To ensure quality of the data, waste statistics are made in line with manual on waste statistics, and data on waste statistics have been collected via surveys by TurkStat and all given data are official data according to the Official Statistics Programme.

The submitted waste data by TurStat is considered highly compliant in SMIS Compliance Monitoring. On the other hand, efforts are being made to increase the quality and availability of data. See 4.1.

Primary users of waste data are Strategy and Budget Presidency (Presidency of Turkey), Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ministry of Industry and Technology, municipalities, universities, researchers and press.

The user needs are defined in the whereas part of the Regulation on waste statistics (EC) No 2150/2002;

'Regular Community statistics on the production and management of waste from businesses and private households are required by the Community for monitoring the implementation of waste policy. This creates the basis for monitoring compliance with the principles of maximisation of recovery and safe disposal.'

No systematic user satisfaction survey was conducted.

The data sets have a high level of completeness. Some data cells are confidential. Some other data cells are missing because no proper data source was available, efforts have been exerted to make the data more complete.

Data cells provided is 2024, and the number of data cells is 2526, then the ratio of the number of data cells provided to the number of data cells is 80%.

See items 9.7 and 4.1.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Data is based on the responses to the questionnaires during surveys. During processing of the data, corrections are made together with the respondents via second visits by the personnel of Regional Offices or telephone calls if there are any problems in time series checks or inner consistency checks.  SAS software is used for data analysis of the 2020 data.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applied

Policies for data revision are set out in the "Instruction on Methods and Principles Regarding Revisions on Statistical Data Produced by Turkish Statistical Institute" directive. (http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/UstMenu/yonetmelikler/Revizyon_yonerge.pdf)

The published data is regarded as final.

No revision for the last data submission.

Timeliness of all data disseminated by TurkStat are consistent with the dissemination period determined in the Official Statistics Programme. In addition to that, all press bulletins are disseminated according to the National Data Release Calendar which is announced on TurkStat web site beforehand.

Moreover, data transmission to Eurostat has always been on time.

In accordance with the timeliness of data required by Eurostat, the publication date of waste statistics is  t+12 months in the scope of Official Statistical Programme. 

Final results released on time. The date of final result is same with the date of first result which is 12 month after the last day of reference period.

There is no time lag between the actual delivery of the data and the target date when it should have been delivered.

There is no time lag between the actual delivery of the data and the target date when it should have been delivered.

The data are geographically comparable. 

Not applicable.

The data are totally comparable over time due to the application of the same methodology for all covered years (2004-reference year). There is no backcasting for the data before 2004 and there is no break in the series.

The number of reference periods in time series from last break is 9.

Data on waste statistics have been collected via surveys by TurkStat and all given data are official data according to the Official Statistics Programme. Because waste statistics are produced depending on the waste statistics manuel, statistics are reconcilable with those obtained through other data sources or statistical domains. The use of statistical units and the NACE classification of economic activities makes the waste domain coherent with economic statistics. 

Because waste statistics are produced depending on the waste statistics manuel, it is coherent and possible to reconcilate with statistics of different frequencies. 

The data are in compliance with the national accounts.

The data are to a high degree internally coherent (totals are equal to the sum of the breakdowns).

Data on waste have been presented as press release on the TurkStat‘s web page in both Turkish and English languages. Manufacturing industry data are presented as national total, municipal data are presented as national total and provincial detail, mining data is at national basis, waste from health institutions data is at provincial basis, data on energy sector and organized industrial zones are presented in the web as national total, and waste treatment data as national total.

Database for municipal waste is accessible from TurkStat webpage at provincial level.

Databases for all other sectors are not available at TurkStat webpage because of data confidentiality.

Waste statistics are accessible with Statistical table on-line, Press release on-line (included in special press release for world environment day)

Data on waste, which were previously published in separate news bulletins, started to be published under the name of Waste Statistics News Bulletin as of 2021. Previous period news bulletins can also be accessed via the TURKSTAT website.

The dissemination schedule is determined by the annual working programme in conformity with the Official Statistics Programme and announced to public by National Data Release Calendar in TurkStat web site. (http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1019)

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

A handbook describes all process for compiling and disseminating waste statistics and other related documentation are available for in-house use. Also,manual for the Implementation of Regulation (EC) No 2150/2002 on waste statistics and guidance on classification of waste according to the European Waste Classification for statistical purposes (EWC-Stat) are considered during preperation of waste statistics.

A handbook describes all process for compiling and disseminating waste statistics and other related documentation are available for in-house use.

To ensure quality of the data,  the validated Ministry of Environment and Urbanization waste data from waste declaration system is used mainly. In addition, estimates are made in line with the waste manual and in line with the suggestions of Eurostats experts.

The submitted ETEA data by TurStat is considered highly compliant in SMIS Compliance Monitoring. On the other hand, efforts are being made to increase the quality and availability of data. 

Surveys are conducted within a given period of time via online data entry programme. It is the responsibility of the Regional Offices to ensure the respondents reply to the questionnaire on time.

Moreover TurkStat applies the questionnaires biennially (i.e. once in two years for data collection for the previous year).

As a result, generally for waste surveys, burden on the respondent is not considered as heavy. Meanwhile, main aims of the Official Statistical Programme are to avoid duplicate data collection by different institutions and to collect data from administrative resources if possible. Therefore, TurkStat is continuously working to achieve these aims. In this respect, it was decided to produce clinical waste statistics from administrative source of the Ministry of Environment's waste declaration system in the scope of the Official Statistics Programme beginning from 2017.

According to the Statistics Law of Turkey, the confidentiality policy is as follows; 

Confidential data can be accessed only by those assigned to the production of official statistics and to the extent they need for performing their duties properly.

Data appearing in any table format obtained through the consolidation of individual data is deemed confidential in case the number of statistical units in the box concerned less than three or in case one or two statistical units are dominant even if the number of statistical units in the box is three or more

Confidential data compiled, processed and stored for the production of official statistics cannot be delivered to any administrative, judiciary or military authority or person, used for purposes other than statistics or as an instrument of proof. Personnel and other staff in charge of compiling and processing such data are obliged to comply with this restriction. This obligation continues after the departure of relevant personnel from their duties and posts.

Authorities in institutions and organisations producing official statistics shall take all relevant measures to prevent any illicit access, use or revelation of confidential data.

Data or information obtained from sources open to all shall not be deemed confidential.

Data confidentiality ceases when a statistical unit gives approval in writing to the revelation of confidential data concerning itself.

Confidential data can be published only as combined with other data so as not to allow any direct or indirect identification.

Principles and procedures relating to data confidentiality and safety are arranged for by regulations to be issued in line with national and international principles and by soliciting the opinion of relevant institutions and organisations.

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