Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT

Environmental Statistics and Forestry Department

IV Proleterske 2, 81000 Podgorica

Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT as responsible organization for reporting according to the Waste Statistics Regulation for Montenegro delivers following data sets:

- Waste generation by waste category (EWC-Stat Version 4) and economic activities (NACE Rev. 2),

- Waste treatment by recovery and disposal operations and

- Number and capacity of recovery and disposal facilities on national level.

Montenegro is one statistical region in all three levels which are in accordance with the European statistical standard NUTS.

Until 2017 these data were obtained through the next surveys:

1.            Survey on municipal waste

2.            Survey on amount of waste imported to landfill sites

3.            Survey on collection and processing of waste

4.            Survey on generated waste in industry

5.            Survey on generated waste in construction and service activities

6.            Survey on generated waste in agriculture

7.            Survey on number and capacities of waste treatment plants (source: Environmental Protection Agency)

Of surveys mentioned above, five surveys were carried out in cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro. From 2017 MONSTAT conducting all the surveys on its own. In order to contribute to the optimization of resources, according to principles of cost effectiveness and non-excessive burden on respondents in 2020, five surveys in this domain were integrated in two surveys. So, now we carry out four instead seven surveys (Survey on municipal waste, Survey on generated waste and Survey on collection and processing of waste).

The data on the number of recovery and disposal treatment facilities and data for number and capacity of landfill sites were obtained from the Survey on number and capacity of waste treatment, where the administrative source is Environmental Protection Agency. 

In order to improve the data quality recalculation of time series (2011 - 2018) was done through the IPA 2017 national project ‘Capacity building for Monstat". Data are published at the Statistical Office’s official website in December 2020. Recalculated data are sent to Eurostat with data for 2020. 

The following classifications are used:
• NACE Rev. 2
• List of waste (LoW)
• The European Statistical Classification of Waste (EWC-Stat)
• Waste recovery operations (Operations R) and waste disposal operations (Operations D).
In Montenegro national version of the standard classification of activities is called KD 2010. KD 2010 entered into force on April 8, 2011 by the Law on Classification of Activities 2010 - KD 2010 ("Official Gazette of Montenegro", No. 18/11, from 01.04.2011). Basic definitions and rules for the implementation of the classification of activities 2010 which is compliant with the definitions and rules for the application of statistical classification of economic activities in the European Union - NACE Rev. 2 (Regulation (EC) No. 1893/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 establishing the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities NACE Revision 2 and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3037/90 as well as certain EC Regulations on specific statistical domains OJ L 393/06) which is applicable in the Member States of the European Union since 1 January 2008. Using the classification of 2010, which substantially and structurally fully corresponds to NACE Rev. 2, it will undoubtedly, provide high quality international comparability of statistical data. Classification provides development and publication of statistics according to economic activities.

The data were collected within the following surveys:

• Survey on municipal waste - within this survey data on public collection and removal of municipal waste, data on source of municipal waste and data on further handling of municipal waste are collecting. In 2020 year 25 units were covered with the survey and the response rate was 100%.
• The Survey on generated waste covers all business entities with 10 and more employees whose main activity is defined in sectors: A – Agriculture, forestry and fishing, B - Mining and quarrying, C - Manufacturing, D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities, F – Construction, G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles - group 45.2 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, M - Professional, scientific and technical activities - division 75 Veterinary activities, Q - Human health and social work activities - classes: 86.10 Hospital activities, 86.21 General medical practice activities, 86.23 Dental practice activities and 86. 90 Other human health activities according to Classification of activities 2010. In 2020 we observed 583 units altogether; the response rate was 82,3%.
• Survey on waste collection and processing included business units which possess permits for waste collection issued by Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro. In 2020 we observed 101 units; the response rate was 89,1%. 
• Survey on number and capacity of waste treatment plants – data are taken from Environmental Protection Agency and response rate was 100%.

Waste is any substance or object which the holder discards or intends to or is required to discard according to Low on waste management ("Official Gazette of Montenegro" No 064/11 from 29.12.2011, 039/16 from 29.06.2016).

Non-hazardous waste is waste whose composition and properties do not have any of the characteristics of hazardous waste.

Hazardous waste is waste containing elements or compounds having one or more of the following hazardous properties: explosiveness, reactivity, flammability, irritability, harmful, toxic, infectious, carcinogenic, corrosiveness, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, eco-toxicity, the property of abrasion and the property of release of toxic gases by chemical or biological reaction and sensitivity / irritability, as well as waste from which, after a delay, other matter may arise that has any of the hazardous properties.

Municipal waste is the waste that appeared in households or during operations which are similar by their characteristics to the waste appeared in households.

Mixed municipal waste is the waste from the household left after separation of some municipal waste fractions for which the possibility of selective collection is envisaged including communal waste packaging.

The landfill site is a permanent site whose primary function is the disposal of waste on or below the surface of the earth, including an internal landfill on which the producer deposits his own waste at the place of origin, except where the waste is being prepared for further transport to the site of processing at other locations and storage places waste before processing with a period of up to three years or waste storage facilities before disposing of it for up to one year.

Waste treatment is the process for obtaining materials or products used as raw materials or the process of preparing waste for production of this material or product in the treatment plant or in a wider manufacturing sense.

Removal of waste is a treatment process that is not processing, even in the event that this procedure results obtaining a substance or energy as a secondary product.

Within the annual survey on municipal waste the observation units are public utility enterprises which the Secretariat for Local Government issued a permit for performance public service of communal waste collection and transportation, and they perform this activity on the whole territory of Montenegro.
Within the annual survey on waste collection and processing the observation units are enterprises engaged in the import, processing or disposal of waste in the reference year, and which have a permit from Environmental Protection Agency.
Within survey on waste generated observation units are business entities with 10 or more employees, whose basic activity is defined in sector: A – Agriculture, forestry and fishing, B - Mining and quarrying, C - Manufacturing, D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities, F – Construction, G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles - group 45.2 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, M - Professional, scientific and technical activities - division 75 Veterinary activities, Q - Human health and social work activities - classes: 86.10 Hospital activities, 86.21 General medical practice activities, 86.23 Dental practice activities and 86. 90 Other human health activities.

Companies (enterprises) with 10 or more employees, whose basic activity is defined in sectors A – Agriculture, forestry and fishing, B - Mining and quarrying, C - Manufacturing, D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply, E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities, F – Construction, G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles - group 45.2 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, M - Professional, scientific and technical activities - division 75 Veterinary activities, Q - Human health and social work activities - classes: 86.10 Hospital activities, 86.21 General medical practice activities, 86.23 Dental practice activities and 86. 90 Other human health activities according to Classification of activities 2010.
All public utility enterprises, enterprises that manage landfill sites  and enterprises engaged in the import, processing or disposal of waste in the reference year, and which have a permit from Environmental Protection Agency.
All enterprises that manage over landfill sites or recycling facilities on landfill surface.

Montenegro is one statistical region of the three levels which are in accordance with the European statistical standard NUTS. All data are related to Montenegro.

Since 2006 data on collected quantities of municipal waste were based on estimates prepared by public utility companies and data on utility equipment and machinery. Since 2011, the Statistical Office of Montenegro has started to collect data on produced quantities of industrial waste. In order to establish a unified system for collecting and processing data in waste statistics in accordance with international rules, the cooperation between the Statistical Office of Montenegro and the Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro was established in 2012. Developing administrative data sources, establishing a system of making structural indicators and collecting and processing data on waste that is in line with international rules, i.e., with the Regulation on Waste Statistics (Regulation EC No 2150/2002), conditions have been created for the application of statistical data processing methods in 2015. In order to obtain comparable data for the period from 2011 to 2015, as a basis for calculating time series in waste statistics, 2015 year was used.
By the same principle data are collected until 2020.
The Statistical Office of Montenegro, on the base of the new facts and information gathered from the field, through project National IPA 2017 recalculated data for period 2011 - 2018 in order to improve data quality. Recalculated data for 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 arevsent with data for 2020.

Not relevant.

Basic data source for the survey on waste generation was Business Register. In the Survey on generated waste was used cut-off survey (threshold survey).

For the reporting units were selected business enterprises with 10 and more employees.

From the address lists of reporting units, from the construction sector were excluded companies that are not engaged in carrying out construction works (based on the experience construction department of MONSTAT).

From service activities for the reporting units were selected business enterprises with 10 and more employees, including next classes:

G 45.2 - Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles

M 7500 - Veterinary activities

Q 8610 - Hospital activities

Q 8621 - General medical practice activities

Q 8623 - Dental practice activities and and two large exporter of waste.

Generator of waste which on annual level generate more than 200 kg hazardous waste or more than 20 tonnes non-hazardous waste is obliged to make the plan of waste management in accordance with the Low on waste Management (”Off. Gazette of Montenegro”, no. 64/11).

The survey on municipal waste covers services sector and households. Each unit has to report the amounts of waste on the basis of six-digit LoW codes, later converted to EWC Stat. The questionnaire asks for each of the waste amounts to state the following sources:

1. households
2. small enterprises
3. public institutions

Data on generation of household waste are obtained from three surveys:

• Statistical survey on municipal waste, and
• Survey on waste collection and processing -  waste brought to landfill sites by natural persons and
• Survey on generated waste - waste directly exported from original producers.

Data on generated amounts of waste in service activities are obtained by compiling data from different surveys: data on waste generated in service activities (G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles - group 45.2 Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles, M - Professional, scientific and technical activities - division 75 Veterinary activities, Q - Human health and social work activities - classes: 86.10 Hospital activities, 86.21 General medical practice activities, 86.23 Dental practice activities and 86. 90 Other human health activities) from Survey on generated waste, data on amounts of waste collected by original waste producers from Survey on waste collection and processing and data on collected waste in manufacturing and service activities from Survey on municipal waste.

Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro collects data according to Annex 2, WStatR, number and capacity of treatment installations, under its responsibility for the licensing of waste treatment operations (Law on Waste Management "Off. Gazette. MNE 64/11").

Data are collected annually.

Data on waste are collected through following surveys: Survey on municipal waste, Survey on waste collection and processing and Survey on generated waste. Reporting method is used for data collection for the Survey on municipal waste and Survey on waste collection and processing, while the data on generated waste are collected through interview method. Data on number and capacity of waste treatment plants are collected through Survey on number and capacity of waste treatment plants where source is Environmental Protection Agency.

Data validation is done by comparing data by sectors, years and contacting reporting units. The first stage of validation is visual control of data, then follow logical and mathematical control, outliers control, comparison data by sectors, years, waste code and at the end contacting of reporting units.

As mentioned in the previous section, through project National IPA 2017 Monstat recalculated data for period 2011 - 2018 and these data are comparable with data for 2019 and 2020.

Recalculated data for 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 are sent with data for 2020.

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The Statistical Office of Montenegro has adopted for the implementation of TQM (Total Quality Management) models that encourage the development and improvement of the functioning:

• institutions,
• production of results of official statistics and
• an individual.

In the medium term, the Statistical Office opted for the implementation of the TQM model through the following goals:

1. Strong commitment to users and other stakeholders,
2. Quality statistical processes and products,
3. Professional orientation of employees,
4. Continuous improvements, 
5. Reducing the burden on reporting units.

Quality for surveys are monitored at all stages of data production (collecting, entering, and processing). Data obtained through these surveys are comparing with data from previous years and with data between surveys.

Primary users of the processed statistical data are:

• Environmental Protection Agency of Montenegro for the purpose of monitoring compliance with legislative requirements.
• Ministry of Ecology, Spatial Planning and Urbanism for the purpose of determining the quality of waste legislation.
• Non-governmental organizations.
• Students are also interested for the processed data because of educational purposes e.g. seminar works, diploma paper work, master’s thesis, etc.
• Domestic and foreign independent or state research institutions for the purpose of implementing the various studies

The Statistical Office has adopted the Quality Management Strategy, the Guidebook to the Implementation of the Quality Management Strategy, as well as the Plan for the Implementation of the Quality Policy. In order to measure the degree to which fulfills obligations towards users and within the new quality policy, the Statistical Office conducted User satisfaction survey. Data collection was carried out through a web survey, in the period from 1 September to 20 October 2017, while the second survey was conducted in the period from 6 March to 27 April 2020. The results of the survey are available on the Statistical Office website, link:  https://www.monstat.org/eng/page.php?id=1502&pageid=1.

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Data are obtained by reporting and interview method, so they are subject to the usual types of errors - mistakes in processing and non-response. In order to prevent the occurrence of errors, appropriate actions are taken to identify and eliminate potential sources of error.

Sampling error cannot be calculated because the surveys were not conducted based on a random sample. In survey on generated waste used coverage with threshold (cut-off survey). Observed population are all waste generators that have 10 or more employees. Surveys covers most of the units, which significantly contribute to the total amount of waste generated in Montenegro.

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Non-sampling errors include: coverage error, error of measurement, response error and processing error.

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Over-coverage units were identified during collection and processing of data and they were eliminated from the central set of data.

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All collected data are measured in kilos of waste. In the case that we got data in m³, pieces, liters we apply correction factors. We perform telephone control of the data which is suspected that might indicate wrong measurement unit.

Survey on waste generated in 2020 we observed 583 units altogether - non - response rate was 17.7%. Non-response errors were the reason for weighting of the data within the surveys where we capture respondents with a threshold.

Statistical survey on municipal waste - response rate was 100%.

Regarding Survey on waste collection and processing - non-response rate was 10.9%.

Regarding Survey on number and capacity of waste treatment facilities, the response rate was 100%.

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Statistical Office has adopted the revision policy and it is available on the website link: https://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/o%20nama/2017/Revision%20policy.pdf

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According to the Annual Plan of Official Statistics and Statistical Release Calendar, the deadline for the publication of the Release was 28 October 2021. Data relate to the previous year.

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Time lag of the final results is the number of months from the last day of the reference period to the day of publication of complete and final results. It is expressed as number of months since the last date of the reference period until the date of dissemination of final results (in the form T + n, where n is a number of days or months). T1= dfinl - drefp =10 (T+10). The final data are published 10 months after completed reference period.

Data were published in accordance with the Annual Plan of Official Statistics and Statistical Release Calendar of Statistical Office for 2020.

Data were published in accordance with the Annual Plan of Official Statistics and Statistical Release Calendar of Statistical Office for 2020.

The data are in line with international standards and data are comparable with the EU countries.

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The data are comparable. In order to obtain quality and comparable data in accordance with international standards, ie. Regulations on Waste Statistics 2150/2002, for the period from 2011 to 2019 the data were recalculated through project  National IPA 2017. Data were published on 29 December 2020. Data for 2020 are comparable with data from previous years.

The length of comparable time series is calculated by the following formula: CC1 = Jlast - Jfirst + 1 (Jlast - number of the last reference period with disseminated statistics; Jfirst - number of the first reference period with comparable statistics). According to the above formula, the length of the comparable time series for this survey is 10 years. Data are available on the Monstat website in secton data, link: https://www.monstat.org/eng/page.php?id=1009&pageid=64. 

Considering waste statistic data, we cannot comment on the coherence with foreign trade Statistic because so far we have not made any in depth comparison yet. Within foreign trade statistics there was some data on import and export of waste, but the data was poor.
Statistics on Environment-Economic Accounts not yet developed in Montenegro, so the coherence cannot be made.

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From a methodological point of view, surveys on generated waste are coherent because they cover the same processing procedures, but they are not coherent with respect to the results obtained, because different data sources are used. 

Collecting of data on generated quantities of waste from all surveys in waste area is carried out with use of Manual of waste classification and waste cataloque, that is harmonised with European waste classification (LoW), which is than converted to Annex I (EWC-Stat/Version 4 with 51 categories of waste) and Annex III (Table of Equivalence) of Regulation 849/2010.
Data are published on national level using LoW classification and they are published in Montenegro before they are reported abroad. Data will be reported to EUROSTAT using WStatR classification also in accordance with the methodology described in Manual on Waste Statistics issued by Eurostat (2013 edition).
Data can be found on the following link: https://www.monstat.org/uploads/files/otpad/2020/Waste%20in%20Montenegro_2020.pdf

 
MONSTAT try to improve clarity with methodology explanations that were sent out as a booklet together with the questionnaires and telephone assistance available to each of the reporting units and improved training of interviewers.

https://www.monstat.org/uploads/files/otpad/2020/Waste%20in%20Montenegro_2020.pdf

https://www.monstat.org/eng/page.php?id=1009&pageid=64  in section Data.

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Articles 53-60 of the Law on Official Statistics and Official Statistical System ("Official Gazette of Montenegro" No 18/12) provide a framework for protection, use, and transmission of confidential data. MONSTAT has produced two comprehensive rulebooks that cover the procedures for individual data protection as well as keeping individual records. With purpose of the realization of legal framework on functioning of security system and statistical confidentiality there was adopted the Rulebook on keeping statistical data by which manner, time, technical conditions and organization of statistical data storage to prevent their destroying, misappropriation, and unauthorized use is regulated as well as the Rulebook on contents and manner of keeping records on users of individual statistical data by which contents and manner of keeping records on users of individual statistical data is regular. Pursuant to the Article 59, an access to the confidential data is limited to persons performing duties and tasks of official statistical producer and up to the stage the data are necessary for official statistical production. Persons that performs duties and tasks within official statistical producers must sign the statement on respecting the principle of confidentiality. Law on Official Statistics and Official Statistical System is aligned with the Regulation No 223/2009 and the Regulation (EU) 2015/759 from 29 April 2015 that also regulate confidentiality provisions. The Government of Montenegro adopted the Statement on Commitment of Confidence in Official Statistics (Commitment of Confidence).

According to Article 56 of the Law on Official Statistics and Official Statistical System, individual data on natural or legal persons shall be confidential and represent official secret. According to Article 57, confidential data will used only for statistical purposes and will be expressed in aggregate form.

In order to impruve  quality of data in accordance with international standards,for the period from 2011 to 2019 the data were recalculated through project  National IPA 2017. Therefore, with the data for 2020, were sent and recalculated  data for 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018.