Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research)

“Centro Nazionale dei Rifiuti e dell’Economia Circolare” (National Center for the Waste and the Circular Economy), in association with “Servizio per l’informazione, le statistiche ed il reporting sullo stato dell’ambiente” (Service for the information, statistics and reporting on state of environment)

waste@isprambiente.it

[not requested]

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

[not requested]

• database of Environmental Compulsory Declarations (MUD)
• questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories, and municipally owned or private agencies responsible for managing municipal hygiene services
• sample surveys

Table Registers used for identification of treatment operations

- annual

General description of which methods are used in which part of the data set

Data on municipal waste generation were collected using questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories, and municipally owned or private agencies responsible for managing municipal hygiene services). Code 20 reported in WStatR tables refers to total municipal waste. It should be noted that, in Italy, this figure includes both household waste and waste generated by commercial and service activities consigned to the municipal waste collection service. Data from the various sources were validated by means of targeted surveys and cross-checked with the database of Environmental Compulsory Declarations (MUD) set up pursuant to Law No 70/1994.

For both municipal and special waste (industrial waste and waste from economic activities), MUD declarations are filled by companies or subjects which are obliged to do under Article 189 of Legislative Decree No 152 of 3 April 2006. Moreover, the article 189 provides, relatively to non-hazardous waste production, total exemption for some specific producers and sectors (e.g.: agro industry, construction & demolition activities) and for all producers with a number of employees fewer than 10.

For the generation of special hazardous waste, since the year 2015, the MUD database does not provide all the relevant information as, declaration is not mandatory anymore for all producers. It should be noted that new exemptions have been introduced from the obligation of the MUD declaration for specific categories, pursuant to Article 69, paragraph 1 of Law 28 of December 2015, no. 221.

The lack of data of some producers inevitably influences the overall value of non-hazardous and hazardous waste production. To overcome this lack of information a useful tool for investigation can be represented by specific studies which involve the adoption of estimation methods based on the data management, assuming that all the wastes generated are sent for disposal or recovery operations, and on the definition of waste production factors per employee.

Total non-hazardous waste generation from sector F (C&D) was estimated starting from MUD data on management operations, with the exclusion of intermediate management phases (D8, D9, D14 and R11).

The same approach used for total non-hazardous waste from sector F (C&D) was applied to estimate total non-hazardous waste from human or animal health care and/or related research (NACE Q, division 86) and used tires generation (NACE G) from wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles.

In order to take account legislative updates, which exclude from the waste discipline all materials managed handled as by-products, according to Article 5 of Directive 2008/98/EC, non-hazardous waste produced by Section C, divisions 10 and 11, have been quantified from MUD data on management operations.

For all the above-mentioned sectors, analyses were conducted at the level of single European Waste Code (decision 2000/532/EC). Aggregation was then carried out according to the categories provided for in Regulation 2002/2150/EC.

In other cases, the estimation methods have been applied to integrate MUD database. As previously said, MUD declaration is not mandatory for companies with fewer than 10 employees who produce non-hazardous waste.

Therefore, divisions partly estimated (integrations for companies with a number of employees fewer than 10) are: sector C, divisions 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 25.

The quantification of non-hazardous waste production by these divisions was made using an estimation method based on waste production per employee. In this case, selection of the method was prompted by the greater quantity of waste which is not strictly correlated with production cycles (non-specific waste types) but whose production can nevertheless be related to the size of the enterprise. 

The method based on waste production per employee was used to supplement MUD data on enterprises with a number of employees fewer than 10. It should be pointed out here that the estimation of waste production was made using 100% of the employees (ISTAT databases) in each NACE sector rather than limited samples.

Quantification was again done by single type of waste at EWC code level. Aggregation was then done using the categories provided for in Regulation 2002/2150/EC.

For other NACE the MUD database relating to year 2020 guaranteed a coverage of data close to 100%.

Data on municipal waste management, were obtained by sending specific questionnaires to the various operators and institutions concerned. In some of cases, the relevant information was supplemented with targeted surveys of individual management facilities and with data from the MUD base. This was also useful for eliminating doubts and inconsistencies that emerged during the comparison of data from different sources.

Most of the data on the management of special waste come from the MUD database and were supplemented with targeted surveys of individual management facilities.

It should be stressed that total waste sent for disposal does not include waste treated in certain types of plant, particularly waste sent to chemical/biological treatment plants. Processing operations carried out in these types of plant were deemed to constitute D8 and/or D9 operations, which are explicitly excluded from the scope of Regulation 2150/2002.

For waste incineration it should be noted that a new section of the MUD has been provided which contains detailed information on the authorizations issued to waste management plants. Thanks to this new feature, it was possible to carry out a precise control of the management operation authorized to the municipal waste incineration plants and to attribute the correct operation to the waste treated in these plants. The check found that these plants are authorized mainly for energy recovery” operations (R1). The possibility of having more details contained in the authorization documents allowed to know the authorized capacity only for the recovery operation R1. Otherwise, in previous years, the authorized capacity of some plants authorized to carry out various recovery operations, including the energy recovery operation (R1), was the sum of all the authorized capacities. Therefore, the reported R1 authorized capacities were overestimated compared to those released only for energy recovery” operations (R1).

As regards the quantification of sludge, methods described by Eurostat in document WASTE/WG/03/02 (2022) were adopted to provide data, except for sludges from treatment of industrial or urban waste waters and sludges from on-site effluent treatment. Such sludges, in fact, are mostly treated by filter press or belt press, which already, guarantee a dry-weight amount from 25 to 30%. This methodology was adopted from the year 2012.

It should, however, be noted that this information is not provided by the various entities concerned via MUD declarations, so straightforward application of the conversion factor may produce an error in the quantification of the dry-weight amount. Generally speaking, a specific conversion factor cannot be determined, since the wet content depends on a number of parameters such as typology of sludge, climatic conditions, production cycle, sludge treatment cycle, etc.

The amount of waste used for backfilling operations was derived from MUD database referring to waste with EWC 17, according to Decision 2011/753/UE, sent to recovery operation “R10”. No waste from mechanical treatment of construction and demolition waste (List of waste, subchapter 19.12) were sent to recovery operation “R10” thus avoiding double-counting of waste.

Data set 1: Waste generation by waste category (EWC-STAT) and economic activities (NACE)

As pointed out in the general section above, analyses are not based on sample surveys but on studies designed to guarantee an information coverage of close to 100%. For generation of municipal waste, data are collected for each municipality in the country, whilst for the generation of special waste they cover all enterprises coming under a specific NACE sector.

Details of the methods used to quantify the production and management of waste for the various NACE sectors and the typologies of waste under consideration are given in tables 2-7 below.

Validation performed on data of waste generation has taken into account social-economic indicators, specially, for sectors covered by the adoption of estimation methods based on the definition of waste production factors per employee, as well as comparison with historical data. Also the data on waste treatment are compared with historical data. If necessary, in order to remove doubts and inconsistencies that emerged during the comparison of data from different sources, targeted surveys of individual management facilities and mass balance for local unit have been carried out.

•  comparison over time

a)     (total/hazardous) waste generation by NACE: comparison over time takes into account social-economic indicators and historical data referring to NACE sectors. As data are collected at the maximum level of disaggregation (single EWC code) a check is carried out during collection and clearance of data, for example, correcting errors of measurement units.

b)     hazardous share by NACE: hazardous waste generation by NACE is verified by checking historical data and taking account social-economic indicators.

c)      treatment by operation [WST_OPER]): check of treatment by operation is carried out during data clearance, by comparison with historical data, and by the examination of authorization provisions.

d)     generation & treatment by waste category: comparison between generation & treatment by waste category is not achievable as the amount treated does not take into account the quantities of pre-treated waste (R12, D8, D9, D13, D14) or stored waste (R13, D15) before subsequent recovery or disposal operations, as well as quantities of exported waste. In fact, comparison between generation and treatment by waste categories shows, in some cases, large differences, due to the lack of quantities treated by operation mentioned before.

e)     relation treatment/generation by waste category: as previously reported, relation between treatment & generation by waste category is not achievable as the amount treated does not take into account the quantities of pre-treated waste (R12, D8, D9, D13, D14) or stored waste (R13, D15) before subsequent recovery or disposal operations, as well as quantities of exported waste. However, coherence of data by waste categories has been checked through comparison of waste generated and waste treated by all treatment operations. Moreover, data on waste management are compared, with the historical data, in order to verify data correctness.

f)       generation & treatment: largest differences for inner cells, as previously reported large differences, are due to the lack of quantities treated by operation mentioned before (see point d) and e)).

• relation generation/treatment (totals): the amount treated, as a result of the provisions of Regulation (EC) n. 2150/2002, does not take into account the quantities of pre-treated waste (R12, D8, D9, D13, D14) or stored waste (R13, D15) before subsequent recovery or disposal operations, as well as quantities of exported waste. Therefore, relation between total waste generation and treatment is not achievable.
• implausible combinations treatment operation/waste categories: any wrong combinations treatment operation/waste categories have been corrected during data collection and clearance through comparison with historical data and control accuracy pursuant to community and national legislation.
• treated amounts vs. treatment capacities (incineration): In consideration of what is highlighted on page 5 of this quality report, the total quantity of waste treated in incineration plants (D10), in 2020, amounted to 676 thousand tons corresponding to 64% of total authorized capacities (about 1,1 million tons). Data on the authorized capacity is available for 48 of the 51 operating plants (94% of the total operating plants).

  In the case of energy recovery plants (R1), data on authorized capacity are available for 309 of the 343 operating plants (90% of the total operating plants); the      amount of waste treated in such plants (about 8,1 million tons), represents 63% of the total authorized capacities (12,8 million tons). The remaining plants              process small quantities of waste; therefore, the data on authorized capacities can be considered representative of the national context.

Major changes

The data on the generation and management of both municipal and special waste relating to the year 2020 are strongly influenced by the health emergency from Covid-19 which has marked the national socio-economic context. In consideration of the above, the analysis of the main changes between 2018 and 2020 is provided below.

The total waste generation that, in the year 2020 amount to about 174,9 million tons, shows, in comparison with the year 2018, an increment of about 2,4 million tons, due only to non-hazardous waste, the quantity of which (164,9 million tons) shows an increase of about 2,6 million tons, while that of hazardous waste (about 10 million tons), decrease by about 176 thousand tons. The increase in non-hazardous waste generation is limited to the construction sector (NACE F) and, for some product categories, to that of waste treatment (NACE E38), while the production of municipal waste such as that of manufacturing industries is characterized by significant reductions.

The NACE sectors affected by the most significant differences, compared to data for the year 2018, are listed below:

• NACE F (Construction): the non-hazardous waste generation is influenced by the increases in the item 12.1 (mineral waste from construction and demolition) for the wastes identified by codes 170302 (+ 2,7 million tons), 170904 (+ 1,1 million tons), 170101 (+ 619 thousand tons) and 170508 (+ 320 thousand tons). It should be emphasized, however, that the most significant differences were recorded between 2018 and 2019; in fact, the code 170302 shows an increase of about 2 million tons between 2018 and 2019 and about 900 thousand tons between 2019 and 2020. As regards the remaining codes, 170904 shows an increase of 2,7 million tons between 2018 and 2019, while between 2019 and 2020 it denotes a reduction of 1,6 million tons. Similarly, the code 170101 increases by about 780 thousand tons between 2018 and 2019 while it decreases by 157 thousand tons between 2019 and 2020, and the code 170508 increases by 450 thousand tons between 2018 and 2019 while it decreases by 123 thousand tons between 2019 and 2020. The item 12.6 (soils), for the waste identified by the code 170504 (+ 680 thousand tons) is characterized by the same trend, in fact, the greatest variation is noted between 2018 and 2019 (+ 2,4 million tons), while between 2019 and 2020 there is a reduction of 1,7 million tons. Other increases were found in the item 12.4 (combustion wastes) for the code 100903 which shows an increase of 118 thousand tons and in the item 3.2 (industrial effluent sludges) for the waste code 161002 (+ 100 thousand tons). The item 6.1 (metallic wastes, ferrous), instead, denotes a negative change due the waste identified by the code 170405 characterized by a reduction of over 500 thousand tons. The generation of hazardous waste, in the same NACE sector shows a raise of over 35 thousand tons in the item 12.6 (soils) due to the waste code 170503, while there is a reduction of 26 thousand tons in the item 12.2 -12.3 - 12.5 (other mineral wastes), due, essentially, to the lower production of asbestos waste identified by the code 170605.
• NACE E38 (Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities; material recovery): in the year 2020 this sector is interested by an increment of non-hazardous waste which concern, in particular, the item 12.4 (combustion wastes) due the greater quantities of the waste identified by the code 100202 (+ 2,1 million tons), the item 7.1 (glass wastes) for the waste identified by the code 191205 (+ 266 thousand tons), the item 7.4 (plastic wastes) for the code 191204 which increases by 235 thousand tons, the item 12.8-13 (mixed wastes from waste treatment and stabilised wastes) due the wastes identified by the code 191209 (+ 155 thousand tons) and the code 190112 (+ about 66 thousand tons), while there is a reduction of 30 thousand tons for the code 190305. There is also a raise of the quantities generated in the item 6.1 (metallic wastes, ferrous), for the wastes identified by the codes 191202 (+ about 170 thousand tons) and 160117 (+ about 14 thousand tons). Again, in relation to non-hazardous waste, a reduction is instead noted in the item 10.3 (sorting residues), especially for the waste identified by the code 191212 which decrease of over 400 thousand tons, and for those identified by the code 191210 (- over 250 thousand tons), 190501 (- 185 thousand tons) and 191004 (- 85 thousand tons), while there is an increment of about 31 thousand tons for the waste code 190203. Other reduction can be observed in the item 3.3 (sludges and liquid wastes from waste treatment), mostly due to the waste code 190703 which shows a contraction of 418 thousand tons and for the codes 190606 and 190206, with reduction equal, respectively, to 30 thousand tons and 10 thousand tons; instead is note an increase of 48 thousand tons for the code 190604. Another significant reduction concerns the item the item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes) affected by a reduction of about 193 thousand tons which concerns, in particular, the waste identified by codes 191302 (- 100 thousand tons) and 010413 (- 70 thousand tons). Regarding the generation of hazardous waste, this NACE sector is affected by an increase in waste pertaining to the item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes) due to the major production of waste identified by code 170605 deriving from remediation operations (about 140 thousand tons). The item 01.4 – 02 – 03.1 show an increase of the quantities generated which amount to about 95 thousand tons, especially due to the waste codes 130802 (+ 62 thousand tons), 130507 (+ 19 thousand tons) and the codes 130403 and 190207, each, with increases close to 5 thousand tons. On the contrary, this sector is characterized by a significant reduction of 325 thousand tons in quantities of the waste included in item 12.8-13 (mixed wastes from waste treatment and stabilised wastes), almost entirely determined by the code 190304.
• EP_HH (Waste generated by household): the waste generated by household is significantly influenced by the reduction of waste listed in item 10.1 (household and similar wastes), especially the unsorted waste identified by code 200301 (- 1.8 million tons). Instead, as regards other municipal waste from separate collection, there is an increase of 160 thousand tons in the quantity of waste identified by code 200108 relating to item 9.1 (animal and mixed food wastes) while biodegradable waste identified by code 200201 relating to item 9.2 (vegetal wastes) shows a loss of 50 thousand tons. Other difference in this sector is noted in the item 7.4 (plastic wastes), due to the waste codes 150102 (+ 200 thousand tons) and 200139 (+ 12 thousand tons), in the item 7.2 (paper and cardboard wastes) due to the waste code 200101 (+ 160 thousand tons), while there is a reduction of over 70 thousand tons in the quantities of the waste code 150101) and in the item 7.1 (glass wastes), due the waste code 150107 which increased by 140 thousand tons, while the waste code 200102 shows a loss of about 40 thousand tons.
• NACE E36_E37_E39 (Water collection, treatment and supply, sewerage and remediation activities and other waste management services): regard to the generation of non-hazardous waste, this sector is characterized by an important reduction of waste listed in the item and 3.2 (industrial effluent sludges), in particular, for the waste code 161002 the quantity of which shows a loss of 561 thousand tons and the item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes) due to the waste identified by codes 191302 which presents a reduction of 355 thousand tons. The production of non-hazardous waste in this sector is, instead, characterized by an increase in the quantities of waste listed in the item 11 (common sludges) due to the waste code 190805 (+ 320 thousand tons), while the quantities of the waste codes 200306 and 200304 show losses equal, respectively, to 66 thousand tons and 12 thousand tons. As for the hazardous waste generated in this sector, if on the one hand there is a reduction in the wastes listed in item 12.2 - 12.3 - 12.5 (other mineral wastes) due to the waste codes 191301 (- 44 thousand tons) and 170605 (- 11 thousand tons), on the other, there is an increment in those related the item 3.2 (industrial effluent sludges) due to the waste codes 161001 (+ 14 thousand tons), 190813 (+ 9 thousand tons and 160708 (+ 3 thousand tons), and those related the item 10.3 (sorting residues) for the waste codes 191211 (+ 13 thousand tons) and 190204 (+ 9 thousand tons).
• NACE D (Electricity, gas, stream and air conditioning supply): this sector is interested by a significant reduction of the quantity of non-hazardous waste generated in item 12.4 (combustion wastes), especially for the code 100102 which shows a decrease of 281 thousand tons, the code 100105 (- 154 thousand tons), and the code 100117 (- 93 thousand tons). The generation of hazardous waste shows a reduction in the waste listed in the item 12.8 – 13 (mineral waste from waste treatment and stabilized wastes), in particular, for the waste code 190111 whose quantity denotes a loss of over 24 thousand tons and the code 190113 (- 8 thousand tons). The item 3.2 (industrial effluent sludges) denotes, instead, an increment of 18 thousand tons, essentially due to the greater production of waste identified by the code 100120.
• NACE C23 (Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products): this NACE sector is affected by an important decree of non-hazardous waste mainly determined by the reduction of the quantities of waste listed in item 12.2-12.3-12.5 (other mineral wastes) essentially due to the waste codes 010413 (- 149 thousand tons), 101208 (- over 100 thousand tons), 080202 (- 82 thousand tons), 080203 (- 75 thousand tons) and 101201 (- 31 thousand tons).
• NACE C26-C30 (Manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, electrical equipment, machinery and equipment n.e.c., motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other transport equipment): the most significant differences in this sector are attributable to the non-hazardous waste listed in the item 6.1 (metallic wastes, ferrous), in particular, those identified by the code 120101 (- 69 thousand tons) and the code 120102 (- 60 thousand tons). Other differences were found in the item 10.2 (mixed and undifferentiated materials) for the waste codes 120199 and 150106 with loss equal, respectively, to 34 thousand tons and 25 thousand tons and in the item 12.4 (combustion waste) where the production of waste identified by code 100202 is zeroed and the wastes identified by the code 100903 and 100912 are affected by reduction equal, respectively, to 13 thousand tons and about 7 thousand tons. The item 12.2-12.3-12.5 (other mineral wastes) also shows a decrease close to 50 thousand tons spread to different types of waste, with those identified by code 100908 which show a loss of about 38 thousand tons. Regard to the generation of hazardous waste, this sector presents reductions in the item 1.3 (used oils), especially for the waste codes 120109 (- 12 thousand tons) and 120118 (- 2 thousand tons) and the item 01.4 – 02 – 03.1 (chemical waste), where the decrease is spread to different types of waste.
• NACE C10-C12 (Manufacture of food products, beverages and tobacco products): this sector is affected by a reduction that concerns only non-hazardous waste, essentially determined by the lower production of “common sludges” pertaining to item 11, the most significant one, due to the code 020305 (- about 200 thousand tons). A similar trend, with less evident variations is also outlined for the waste codes 020204 (- 58 thousand tons) and 020502 (- 26 thousand tons), while an increase of about 13 thousand tons is recorded for the code 020705.
• NACE C13-C15 (Manufacture of textile, wearing apparel, leather and related products): this sector of the manufacturing industry shows, between 2018 and 2020, a reduction due to the lower quantities of waste pertaining to the item 01.4 – 02 – 03.1 (chemical waste), for the wastes identified by code 040104 (- over 60 thousand tons), code 040109 (- about 19 thousand tons) and code 080120 (- 3 thousand tons), the item 7.6 (textile wastes), for the code 040222 (- 43 thousand tons), 040108 (- 30 thousand tons) and to a lesser extent for the codes 150109 and 040221 with reductions equal, respectively, to 4 thousand tons and 2 thousand tons. Other reductions were noted in the item 3.2 (industrial effluent sludges) especially for the waste identified by codes 040106 (- about 24 thousand tons), 040220 (- about 18 thousand tons), 190812 (- 11 thousand tons) and 040107 (- 7 thousand tons) and in the item 10.2 (mixed and undifferentiated materials), where the quantities of waste identified by codes 150106 and 040199 denote decreases equal, respectively, to 28 thousand tons and 17 thousand tons.
• NACE C20-C22 (Manufacture of chemical, pharmaceutical, rubber and plastics product): this NACE sector represents the only pertaining to the manufacturing industry that shows increases in the quantities of waste produced. This trend was noted both in non-hazardous and in hazardous wastes; in the first case the most significant increase is recorded in the waste listed in the item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes) for the waste code 061101, which increased by 56 thousand tons. In the case of the hazardous wastes, this sector is characterized by a progression in the quantities related to the item 1.1 (spent solvents), especially for the waste identified by the code 070504 which increased by 12 thousand tons and the code 070503 (+ about 5 thousand tons), while the quantity of the waste identified by the code 070104 show a reduction of 2 thousand tons and for the remaining types there are no significant changes.

The total waste management, in the year 2020, which amount to 147 million tons, shows, compared to the year 2018, a decrease of 376 thousand tons. The quantity of non-hazardous waste (about 142,6 million tons) highlights a reduction of about 258 thousand tons, while the quantity of hazardous waste (4,4 million tons) decreases of over 118 thousand tons.

Compared to the year 2018, for non-hazardous waste, there is a raise in the quantities destined for material recovery operations; in particular, is observed an increase of 5,8 million tons in the quantities of waste subjected to “recovery other than energy recovery – except backfilling” (R2 - R11) operations and of 154 thousand tons in the quantities sent to “recovery other than energy recovery – Backfilling” operations which go from about 148 thousand tons to about 302 thousand tons. This trend contrasts with a marked reduction of over 2,7 million tons in the quantities of waste “disposed of in landfills” and 3 million tons in those subjected to “incineration” operations (D10). This trend also affects the quantities sent to “energy recovery” operations (R1), that go from about 8,3 million tons to 7,9 million tons (- 312 thousand tons).

With reference to hazardous waste, these are characterized by an increase in the quantities treated by “energy recovery” operations (R1) and those sent to “landfill disposal”, equal, respectively, to about 32 thousand tons and to about 35 thousand tons. On the other hand, there was a reduction of about 144 thousand tons in the quantities sent to “recovery other than energy recovery – except backfilling” (R2 - R11) operations and of over 41 thousand tons in those destined to “incineration” operations (D10).

The main differences in non-hazardous waste management are highlighted below:

• Item 12.1 (mineral waste from construction and demolition): in coherence with the data on generation, this sector increased by about 5,2 million tons. The major changes are due to the wastes identified by the codes 170302 (+ 2,8 million tons), 170904 (+ 1,3 million tons) and 170101 (+ about 500 thousand tons), all treated in “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations. It should be emphasized, however, that the most significant differences were recorded between 2018 and 2019; in fact, the code 170302 shows an increase of 1,6 million tons between 2018 and 2019 and 1,2 million tons between 2019 and 2020. As regards the remaining codes, 170904 shows an increase of 2,4 million tons between 2018 and 2019, while between 2019 and 2020 it denotes a reduction of 1,1 million tons. Similarly, the code 170101 increases by about 600 thousand tons between 2018 and 2019 while it decreases by 68 thousand tons between 2019 and 2020. Instead, the wastes subjected to “recovery other than energy recovery – Backfilling” operations are affected by a gradual increase that concerns those identified by the codes 170904 (+ about 140 thousand tons) and codes 170508 and 170101, with increase equal, respectively, to about 14 thousand tons and 7 thousand tons.
• Item 12.4 (combustion wastes): increased by 1,5 million tons, in particular, due to the wastes identified by the code 100202 (+2,2 million tons) and the code 100103 (+ about 120 thousand tons), treated in “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, while there is a widespread reduction in quantities “disposed of in landfill”, especially for waste identified by the codes 100202 (- over 500 thousand tons) and 100201 (- about 200 thousand tons).
• Item 12.6 (soils): this category shows an increase of over 1.2 million tons almost entirely attributable to the waste identified by the code 170504 treated in “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations. Also in this case the increase is recorded between 2018 and 2019 (+ 1,9 million tons), while there is a reduction of 640 thousand tons between 2019 and 2020.
• Item 7.5 (wood wastes): increased by about 331 thousand tons, to which the increase in the quantities of waste sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations contributes substantially, especially those identified by code 191207 (+ 400 thousand tons) and to a lesser extent by codes 030105 and 200138 which show increases of, respectively, 80 thousand tons and 40 thousand tons, while wood packaging (150103) and wood from construction and demolition operations (170201) show reductions equal, respectively, to 145 thousand tons and 9 thousand tons. On the other hand, there is a decrease in the quantities sent for “energy recovery” mainly due to the lower contribution of waste identified by code 030105.
• Item 12.8 – 13 (mineral wastes from waste treatment and stabilized wastes): this category denotes an increase in the quantities sent “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations pertaining to codes 191209 (+ 300 thousand tons) and to codes 190112 and 190305 with increases equal, respectively, to about 80 thousand tons and about 7 thousand tons, corresponding to an overall reduction over 200 thousand tons of those “disposed of in landfill” that refer to the same wastes.
• Item 7.1 (glass wastes): shows an increase of over 116 thousand tons, due to the larger quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, especially for the waste identified by the codes 150107 (+ 150 thousand tons) and 191205 (+ 20 thousand tons). As regards the other wastes listed in this item, while the quantities pertaining the codes 160120 and 170202 are substantially stable, there is a reduction for the wastes identified by the codes 200102 and 101112, equal, respectively, to 40 thousand tons and 20 thousand tons.
• Item 10.3 (sorting residues): decreased by 3,5 million tons. The most significant differences are found in “incineration” (D10) operations affected by a decree of about 2,7 million tons determined by the quantities of waste relating to codes 191212 (- 1,5 million tons) and 191210 (- about 1 million tons). A similar trend can be found in the quantities “disposed of in landfill” (- 1,3 million tons) in particular for the wastes identified by the code 191212 which shows a reduction of about 1 million tons and those related to the codes 190501 and 190503 with reductions equal, respectively, to over 200 thousand tons and about 60 thousand tons. The “energy recovery” sector (R1) also shows a contraction of about 218 thousand tons determined, exclusively from the wastes identified by the code 191210, while the other waste typologies are instead characterized by increases. The trend for the “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations is different, showing a growth of over 600 thousand tons, which affects the waste identified by the codes 191212, 190501 and 191210.
• Item 10.1 (household and similar waste): denotes a negative variation of about 2,1 million tons which characterizes all types of management operations, with the sole exception of landfill disposal which appears stable. This trend is due to the general reduction in the generation of municipal waste recorded in 2020 due to the pandemic. Despite this reduction and the general decrease in the quantities of waste disposed of in landfills, in the case of the “household and similar waste” there is a stability, presumably, due to the raise of the quantities of the waste disposed without having been subjected to preventive treatment, as a result of the provisions introduced following the pandemic, that have established, through the ordinances pursuant to art. 191 of the legislative decree n. 152 of 2006, the possibility of disposing of municipal waste from the most affected areas, notwithstanding the pre-treatment obligation provided for by art. 7 of legislative decree 36/2003 relating to the disposal of waste in landfills.
• Item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes): shows a reduction of about 1,4 million tons. For this category, there is a widespread reduction in the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations (- 1 million tons) with the most substantial differences in the wastes identified by the codes 010413 (- 350 thousand tons), 010412 (- 180 thousand tons), 101208 (- 120 thousand tons) and 100908 (over 100 thousand tons). A similar trend, although with less substantial differences, can also be observed in the quantities “disposed of in landfill” which decrease by about 370 thousand tons, which affects the waste identified by the code 190302 (- about 380 thousand tons) and to a lesser extent those identified by the code 161104 (- about 27 thousand tons), while the quantities pertaining to the code 060111 increase of about 60 thousand tons.
• Item 6.1 (metallic wastes, ferrous): decreased about 1,1 million tons, almost entirely attributable to the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, due to the wastes identified by the codes 170405 which shows a contraction by about 700 thousand tons, the code 120101 whit a loss of 400 thousand tons and the code 120102 (- 240 thousand tons). Instead, there was an increase of about 280 thousand tons for waste from waste treatment, identified by the code 191202.
• Item 7.4 (plastic wastes): this category shows a reduction in the quantities managed equal to about 347 thousand tons which affects almost all types of treatment. The only exception is represented by the “energy recovery” (R1) which shows an increase of 19 thousand tons due to the greater contribution of the waste identified by the code 191204, which is countered by a loss of about 26 thousand tons, detected in the same waste, subjected to “incineration” (D10) operations. These variations may be attributable to what is specified on page 5 of this quality report in regard the subject of energy recovery (R1) and incineration (D10) operations of waste. As regards the other types of management pertaining to this category, “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations show a reduction of 279 thousand tons which concerns the quantities of waste identified by codes 191204 and 150102 with decreases equal, respectively, to 200 thousand tons and 69 thousand tons and by codes 070213 and 120105, with losses equal, respectively, to 17 thousand tons and about 8 thousand tons. The quantities of waste “disposed of in landfill also decreased (- 58 thousand tons), especially those identified by code 191204.
• Item 10.2 (mixed and undifferentiated materials): this category shows a decrease of over 296 thousand tons which is mainly due to the reduction in the quantities sent for for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations (-154 thousand tons) and for “incineration” (D10) (-100 thousand tons.). In the first case, the variation is due especially to the wastes identified by the codes 150106 (- 200 thousand tons) and 120199 (- 140 thousand tons), while there are increases for waste deriving from the aerobic (190599, + 120 thousand tons) and anaerobic (190699, + over 50 thousand tons) treatment of waste. In the second case the reduction is mainly due to the waste identified by code 030307 with a loss of about 70 thousand tons. The lower contribution of this type of waste also determines a reduction in the quantities “disposed of in landfill” which decrease by about 46 thousand tons.
• Item 7.2 (paper and cardboard wastes): shows a reduction of 209 thousand tons, to be attributed almost entirely to the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling”. The most significant reduction was recorded in relation to the code 150101, the quantity of which decreased by over 400 thousand tons, while there was an increase for the wastes identified by the code 200101 (+ 170 thousand tons) and the code 191201 (+ 40 thousand tons).
• Item 3.3 (sludges and liquid wastes from waste treatment): it is characterized by a decrease of about 158 thousand tons, which significantly affects quantities sent “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations (- 145 thousand tons), and to a lesser extent, also those sent for “disposal in landfills” (- about 13 thousand tons). As regards recovery operations, the loss is attributable to the quantities of waste deriving from the anaerobic treatment of waste, pertaining to sub-chapter 19.06 of the European Waste List. In the second case, the reduction is determined by the waste identified by the codes 190604 and 190206, while there is a raise of 2 thousand tons for the waste identified by the code 190703.

As regards hazardous waste, the main differences are listed below:

• Item 12.2 – 12.3 – 12.5 (other mineral wastes): the wastes listed in this item are characterized by an increase in the quantities “disposed of in landfills” (+ 150 thousand tones) due to the major production of waste identified by code 170605 deriving from remediation operations; instead, there is a reduction of about 12 thousand tons for the waste identified by code 191301.
• Item 12.6 (soils): this category of waste denotes an increase of 53 thousand tons. This trend derives from the greater contribution of the quantities of waste identified by code 170503 essentially destined for disposal in landfills (+ about 63 thousand tons). As regards the remaining types of management, a reduction of about 9 thousand tons is reported due to the same waste identified by code 170503 sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations.
• Item 12.1 (mineral waste from construction and demolition): the wastes listed in this category indicate a raise in the quantities of wastes “disposed of in landfills” (+ about 36 thousand tons), especially, due to major quantities of waste identified by the codes 170903 (+ about 17 thousand tons), 170603 (+ 12 thousand tons) and 170507 (+ 7 thousand tons). A different trend is observed for the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, due to the reduction of the wastes identified by the codes 170903 and 170204.
• Item 12.8 – 13 (mineral wastes from waste treatment and stabilized wastes): this item is characterized by a negative variation of about 208 thousand tons, largely influenced by the decrease of the waste identified by the code 190304 “disposed of in landfills” (- 180 thousand tons). A similar trend, although with less significant differences, is also observed in the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, which, due to the lower contribution of waste identified by the code 190111, shows a loss of about 27 thousand tons.
• Item 8.1 (discarded vehicles): the management of end-of-life vehicles was also affected by a negative change which, compared to 2018, amounted to over 66 thousand tons. In this regard, please, note that, as already highlighted in the quality report relating to waste statistics for the year 2018, the end-of-life vehicles, are accounted among hazardous waste sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, because, the examination of the pertinent section dedicated to the authorizations of treatment plants, introduced in the MUD declarations, showed that plants are mainly authorized to carry out the recovery operations identified with the codes “R4” or, in some cases “R12”.
• Item 12.4 (combustion wastes): this item shows a reduction of about 53 thousand tons, to which contributes the reduction of the quantities sent “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, especially, regarding the waste identified by the codes 100207 (- 25 thousand tons), 100315 (- 9 thousand tons) and 100402 (- 4 thousand tons). The quantities “disposed of in landfills” also denote a widespread decrease to all types of waste, in particular, to those identified by code 100401 with a reduction of 7 thousand tons.
• Item 1.2 (acid, alkaline or saline wastes): the wastes listed in this item show a reduction in the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations, especially for those identified by the code 100308, with a contraction of 14 thousand tons and codes 110105 and 060405, with decreases equal, respectively, to 7 thousand tons and 2,5 thousand tons. This last type of waste was partially “disposed of in landfills”, resulting in an increase of 186 tons for this type of waste treatment.
• Item 08.41 (batteries and accumulators wastes): this item is characterized by a reduction of over 21 thousand tons in the quantities sent for “recovery other than energy recovery - except backfilling” operations due to the smaller quantity of lead batteries (code 160601), while the batteries identified by code 200133 show an increase of about 270 tons.

wet matter for sludges

As requested, the below table contains the amounts of waste generated for the NACE total in tones of wet matter.

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Not available.
New concept added with the migration to SIMS 2.0.
Information (content) will be available after the next collection.

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Having information on the generation and management of waste allows information processes to be developed that help us understand why a given situation has arisen.  This in turn allows us to assess the effectiveness of the corrective measures taken, plan new measures and establish priorities between competing measures within a programme or between different programmes.

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In the year 2020 there are no missing data. As regards the "FAC" table, the following should be noted.

1. Incineration plants (D10): the data relating to the authorized quantities, as shown on previous page 25, are available for 48 of the 51 operating plants, equal to 94%. At a regional level, while there are no incineration plants operating in Valle d’Aosta, the Province of Bolzano, Liguria, Umbria, Marche and Basilicata, in relation to the remaining regions, 12 regions, in addition to the province of Trento, show a level of data coverage reaches 100% of the operating plants. At the macrogeographic area level, while in the Southern regions and in the Islands have the coverage level of the data is equal, respectively, to 89% and 80%, in the remaining areas the coverage level is total.
2. Energy recovery plants (R1): the data relating to the authorized quantities, as shown on previous page 25, are available for 309 of the 343 operating plants, equal to 90%. At regional level, while there are no energy recovery plants operating in Valle d’Aosta, 5 regions, in addition to the province of Bolzano and Trento, show a coverage level of the data reaches 100% of the operating plants. At the macrogeographic area level, while in the North-West and in Nord-East of the country, the coverage level of the data is equal to 95%, The central and southern regions have percentages of 78% and 86%, respectively; the Islands 80%. However, it should be noted that the plants for which this data is not available are small-sized plants that treat not relevant quantities of waste compared to the total at national level, therefore, the coverage level of the data can be considered representative of the entire national context.
3. Landfill plants (D1): Data relating to the residual capacity of the landfill plants are available for 302 of the 318 plants, equal to a coverage level of 95%. Landfills for inert waste show a coverage level of 95% (the data is available for 124 of the 131 operating plants); landfills for non-hazardous waste have a coverage of 96% (the figure is available for 169 of the 176 operating plants), while the level of coverage of landfills for hazardous waste is equal to 82% (the data is available for 9 of the 11 operating plants).

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The quantities of waste produced and managed are evaluated by means of censuses, targeted surveys and by processing MUD declarations, these being supplemented by specific studies to extrapolate findings to the whole. In other words, the approach adopted eschews sample surveys in favour of a combination of several data collection methods, thus allowing an almost complete coverage of information.

The quantities of waste produced and managed are evaluated by means of censuses, targeted surveys and by processing MUD declarations, these being supplemented by sector-specific studies to extrapolate findings to the whole. In other words, the approach adopted eschews sample surveys in favour of a combination of several data collection methods, thus allowing an almost complete coverage of information.

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Description of the methods used to achieve 100% coverage of waste production

Total coverage is insured by the use of procedures and methods that are described fully in section 1 of this report (questionnaires, targeted censuses, processing of MUD data combined with specific studies and other estimation methods).

Description of the waste processing structures not included and the reason for their exclusion

As explained in Section 1 of this report, total waste sent for disposal does not include waste treated in certain types of plant, particularly waste sent to mechanical/biological treatment plants. Processing operations carried out in these types of plant were deemed to constitute D8 and/or D9 operations, which are explicitly excluded from the scope of Regulation 2150/2002.

Evaluation of generation of municipal waste

As pointed out in Section 1 of this report, data on the generation of municipal waste were collected using questionnaires sent to public and private entities involved in the collection of information on waste management (regional and provincial agencies for environmental protection, regional, provincial and municipal authorities, provincial waste observatories). This information was then validated using a targeted approach (directly contacting municipal and private agencies managing municipal hygiene services) and crosschecked with the MUD database.

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The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.

The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.

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The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.

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The use of a combination of methods avoids the errors associated with each method individually and provides full information.

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Data on the generation and management of municipal waste are available by the end of the year following the reference year. As things stand, data on special waste are available within 18 months. Data are, therefore, timely, relevant and highly reliable.

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Quantification of the production and management of waste is done by means of censuses, targeted surveys, processing MUD declarations and sector-specific studies, not by means of statistical sample surveys. Information thus covers the system as a whole and is therefore always comparable.

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ISPRA guarantees the dissemination of data on the generation and management of waste by publishing annual reports and by completing EUROSTAT questionnaires.

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