Croatian Bureau of statistics

Environmental statistics Unit

Branimirova 19, 10 000 Zagreb

The environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts report on an economic sector that generates goods and services produced for environmental protection or the management of natural resources.

Products for environmental protection prevent, reduce and eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment. Examples are electric vehicles, catalysts and filters to decrease pollutant emissions, wastewater and waste treatment services, noise insulation works or restoration of degraded habitats.

Products for resource management safeguard the stock of natural resources against depletion. Examples are renewable energy production, energy-efficient and passive buildings, seawater desalinization or rainwater recovery, and materials recovery.

EGSS accounts provide data on output and export of environmental goods and services and on the value added of and employment in the environmental goods and services sector.

EGSS data are compiled following the statistical concepts and definitions set out in the UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012 – Central Framework.

Data are reported cross-classified by 1) the type of environmental protection or resource management activity and 2) economic activity. Environmental protection activities are classified by environmental domain as set out in the Classification of Environmental Protection Activities - CEPA. Resource management activities are classified as set out in the Classification of Resource Management Activities - CReMA. see the revised CEPA and CReMA explanatory notes for detail. Economic activity is classified according to the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community, Rev. 2 (2008).

EGSS comprises a sector of the economy that produces goods and services aimed at environmental protection and resource management (see SEEA CF 2012 chapter 4). Environmental goods and services either reduce environmental pressures or help maintaining the stock of natural resources or they are designed to be cleaner and more resource efficient than conventional products. Environmental goods and services can be produced by corporations, households, governments and non-profit institutions. The list of environmental activities and products has been set out in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2174 ('the indicative compendium of environmental goods and services').

EGSS has the same system boundaries as the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) and consists of all environmental products within this production boundary. ESA defines production as the activity carried out under the control and responsibility of an institutional unit that uses input of labour, capital, goods and services to produce output of goods and services.

Only goods and services produced for environmental purposes are included in the scope of the environmental goods and services sector.

'Environmental purpose' means that a good or service helps either 1) preventing, reducing and eliminating pollution and any other degradation of the environment or 2) preserving and maintaining the stock of natural resources and hence safeguarding against depletion.

The EGSS statistics aim at compiling data for the following economic variables:

Output: consists of products that become available for use outside of the producer unit, any goods and services produced for own final use and goods that remain in the inventories at the end of the period in which they are produced. Apart from market output, output for own final use and non-market output, EGSS statistics also include ancillary output, comprising output intended for use within an enterprise.

Market output is to be valued at basic prices, that is, the prices receivable by the producer from the purchaser minus taxes and plus subsidies on products.
Output for own final use is to be valued at basic prices of similar products sold on the market or by the total costs of production.
Non-market output is to be estimated by the total costs of production.
Ancillary output is measured as a total of recurrent production costs (such as intermediate consumption, compensation of employees and consumption of fixed capital) incurred by enterprises to: 1) reduce environmental pressures arising from their production process or 2) produce environmental goods or services not intended for use outside the enterprise, but instead supporting other (non-environmental) activities undertaken within the enterprise (e.g. waste management services carried out in-house). For market producers, a mark-up for net operating surplus is added to the value of the EGSS ancillary output.
Gross Value Added: represents the contribution made by the production of environmental goods and services to GDP. It is the difference between the value of the output and intermediate consumption.

Employment: is measured in full-time equivalent jobs engaged in the production of output of environmental goods and services. Full-time equivalent is defined as total hours worked divided by the average annual working hours in a full-time job.

Exports: consist of sales, barter, gifts, or grants, of environmental goods and services from residents to non-residents.

Council Regulation (EEC) No 696/93 of 15 March 1993 on the statistical units for the observation and analysis of the production system in the Community describes the different statistical units of the production system.

The recommended statistical unit for the collection and compilation of EGSS statistics (excluding general government) is the establishment. For general government, the recommendation is to use institutional units and groupings of units as defined in the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010).

The statistical population is the national economy as defined in SEEA CF 2012 and the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010). It includes all economic activities undertaken by resident units.

Croatia

2014-2022

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Output, gross value added, and exports are measured in million units of national currency. Employment is measured in full time equivalents (i.e., full time equivalent jobs).

The reference period for EGSS data is the calendar year.

EGSS accounts are compiled and reported in accordance with Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts (EEEA).

The EEEA follow internationally agreed concepts and definitions set out in the SEEA Central Framework (2012), the international statistical standard adopted by the UN Statistical Commission. They present data in a way that is compatible with National Accounts (ESA, 2010).

Not applicable.

Law on Official Statistics (NN, 25/20)
Regulation on the conditions and manner of use of confidential statistical data for scientific purposes (NN, 137/2013)

Statistical data collected by surveys, according to the Law on official statistics (NN, br. 25/20) is confidential and its purpose is restricted exclusively to statistical usage.
The results will be published in a cumulative form which prevents displaying data on individuals.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.

Data are not published separately but only at the level of Croatia.

Databases Environmental goods and services sector (EGSS)

PX-Web - Select table (dzs.hr)

Publishing Programme 2022
Subject Matter Area: Environment
Subject Matter Sub-area: Environment
Publication type: Databases
Nos. per Year: 1
Reference period: 2021
Level: Croatia

21/12/2022 First Release OEN-2022-1-4 Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) and Environmental Goods and Services Sector (EGSS) Accounts, 2021 - Provisional Data

OEN-2022-1-4 Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) and Environmental Goods and Services Sector (EGSS) Accounts, 2021 – Provisional Data | Državni zavod za statistiku (dzs.hr)

Publishing Programme 2022
Subject Matter Area: Environment
Subject Matter Sub-area: Environment
Publication type: First Releases
Nos. per Year: 1
Reference period: 2021
Level: Croatia

https://podaci.dzs.hr/en/statistics/environment-and-energy/environment/

Realease Calendar contains the review of publications planned to be issued in current year and by the end of May for next year, which depends on when the processing of a particular statistical survey can be finished and on whether it is feasible to make a particular kind of publication or not. Calendars are publicly available on CBS official site.

 According to the Release Date announced in the Publishing Programme and in the Calendar of Statistical Data Issues, publications of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics are released at 11:00 a.m. precisely, both in electronic format and hard copy, thus abiding by the Principle of Timeliness of the European Statistics Code of Practice, i.e. standard daily time set for the release.

The User Communication Department provides the following services to the users of statistical data:
- Answering user requests
- The Croatian Bureau of Statistics provides to users the basic information on data that can be found on the Eurostat Internet site via the Eurostat portal – the European Statistical Data Support (ESDS) Eurostat https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat.
- Use of library holdings at the library premises.

Annually

First release:

OEN-2022-1-4 Environmental Protection Expenditure Accounts (EPEA) and Environmental Goods and Services Sector (EGSS) Accounts, 2021 – Provisional Data | Državni zavod za statistiku (dzs.hr)

First release (annual)

Data are published in PC Axis database.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

The conditions under which certain users can have access to microdata are regulated by The Ordinance on the conditions and manner of use of statistical data for scientific purposes.

Eurostat database

Not requested for this metadata collection.

The basic methodological explanations are published within the first realease and in the PC AXIS database.
All relevant information are also available on the Eurostat website https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Not requested for this metadata collection.

The data on quality are stored in database of quality information (DBQI), and the reports on quality are prepared on the bases of this information and will gradually be available on CBS Internet site.

The main tool for the systematic quality assessment and quality management is the database on quality information (DBBQI). The DBQI has in first stage the Basic analytical tool for comparative analyses of quality indicators and later will contain Advanced analytical tool for comparative analyses of quality indicators.

Data are collected from reliable sources applying high standards with regard to the methodology and ensuring a high degree of comparability.

We assume that data related to ancillary output and output for own-final use has lower quality as well as data on exports. We have no data for NACE category Households.

The European Parliament and Council decided environmental goods and services shall be provided, through Regulation (EU) No 538/2014 on European environmental accounts.

These data are an important policy instrument to influence environmental and economic behaviour and their connection.

These statistics are consistent with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA-CF) adopted the United Nations Statistical Commission as a world-level statistical standard in March 2012.

The main tool for the systematic quality assessment and quality management is the database on quality information (DBBQI). The DBQI has in first stage the Basic analytical tool for comparative analyses of quality indicators and later will contain Advanced analytical tool for comparative analyses of quality indicators.

Users of data on environmental goods and services on national level are governmental organisations, legal entities and private persons (mostly the students).

Croatian Bureau of Statistics carried out testing on customer satisfaction.

We conducted a survey on the satisfaction of users in 2015. The results are available on request.

The data are sent completely and in accordance with the relevant EU Regulations.

Croatia reported voluntary data variables such as: the ancillary, non-market and/or final use output values. Ratio for calculating these values was taken from the annual survey which collects EGSS data.

Besides this, Croatia also reported available NACE breakdown categories (such as NACE C, NACE E and NACE M). Outputs were also calculated based on results from the web survey and from output GVA/EMP was calculated.

We also calculated some sub CEPA and CReMA categories such as CEPA 1.1.2 and 1.2.2, CEPA 8.1.2 and CReMA 11 and CReMA 13 sub-categories, all these imputs are from the annual survey data.

For exports we were not able to calculate some NACE sub-categories, although for more recent years breakdown of NACE E is available. This data is estimated based on annual survey data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not applicable.

EGSS accounts are compiled using a range of statistical sources. The sampling and non-sampling errors are described in the metadata of the underlying statistical data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

EGSS accounts are compiled using a range of primary statistical sources. The sampling and non-sampling errors are described in the metadata of the underlying statistical data.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

The Regulation requires environmental goods and services sector (EGSS) accounts to be provided for the first time in 2015, for reference year 2014.

Croatia has transmitted the data to Eurostat on 27th of October 2023 covering the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 and 2022 (mandatory reference years for 2023 data collection and additional data for 2022).

27th of October 2023 results transmitted to Eurostat.

Final results will be available after validation process.

The data were delivered to Eurostat on October 27th 2023. The reporting deadline for EGSS to Eurostat is 31 October.

Not applicable.

Statistical data are comparable with other countries on the grounds that all EU member states use the same methodology.

Not requested for this metadata collection.

EGSS is compiled based on survey results. EGSS dedicated survey consists of environmental products that are in each CEPA and CReMA categories.

Whilst the list of products in the survey may not be exactly the same as list in the indicative compendium, in principle all products are included as in the compendium, or activities very similar to it.

None.

Reference period 2014-2022.

Time series (data) comparability available. 

2014-2022

Coherence with National accounts data.

Not applicable.

Data is available only on annual basis.

National accounts data was used for calculating GVA ratios (through GDP) and employment by NACE categories. 

Data is partly coherent with EPEA, though further adjustments need to be done.

Agricultural statistics are used for data on organic agricultural products.

Not applicable.

Costs for production of the EGSS are included in regular staff costs.

The users of statistical data are informed about revision (final data, revised data) on CBS web site.

Data revisions are carried out in the case of a change in methodology or subsequent data that significantly impacts the calculation.

Data were revised in year 2018 for EMPLOYMENT in the category:

The reason for this revision is so that the data would be coherent through whole time series.

Ready for validation

Data will be final after the validation process.

In order to produce the EGSS data Croatian Bureau of statistics (CBS) carried out an annual web survey which covers monetary environmental statistics data such as output, current expenditures, investments and even persons employed in the environmental protection activities, goods and services. Data on exports were estimated based on data from Foreign trade statistics. Partly an administrative source was used when calculating GVA and employment which is based on the national GDP (national accounts) and employment statistics data from National accounts.

Not applicable.

Administrative sources such as business regirsters and Financial agency data are used to create the survey population. Administrative source was used when calculating GVA, employment (National accounts) and exports and also on data regarding organic agricultural products (agricultural statistics). Data on exports were estimated based on Foreign trade statistics data.

Main data source for EGSS is the web survey. Survey consists of around 2000 units, most of which participated in previous reporting. The survey is carried out annualy during summer months. Units that participated in the survey were either Government entities or business entities (corporations) that reported output, investments/expenditure and employment in the EGSS services based on other financial reports. Collected data was then processed and calculated in order to fill in the EGSS questionnaire, output was used from the survey and from output other variables such as GVA and employment were calculated.

Survey population was not significally changed for the 2023 data collection.

Financial agency (FINA) is used when creating survey population.

Annually

Data are obtained from other departments of Croatian Bureau of Statistics (National accounts, Agriculture, Foreign trade) and from administrative sources in electronic form (Financial Agency).

EGSS uses data from the survey and data from administrative sources. When it comes to data from administrative sources we do not perform validation of statistical data since all the data are obtained from other departments that have already ran data cross checks. For survey data we run data validation checks such as validation through time series and contacting reporting units if some issues are observed. Data from survey is also cross-checked with data from Financial agency (annual financial reports).

The environmental sector includes the provision of environmental technologies, goods and services for every kind of use, i.e. intermediate and final consumption as well as gross capital formation.

In order to define whether a technology, good or a service is part of the EGSS, the environmental purpose must be the ‘main purpose’. This is identified mainly on the basis of the technical nature of the activity or the producer’s intention, i.e. regardless of the intention of the users.

This approach was used then creating the survey. Survey consists of list of environmental products (goods and services) and is based on the EGSS list of environmental products based on CPA and CN – 2015 (V. June 2016)

All products are classified using the CEPA/CReMA classification.

Almost every year list of products gets varified and some new products get included, whilst some old products get removed from the list (products that were not relevant).

The environmental sector is composed of two types of producers: General Government and Corporations (usually non-market output is reported in GG while market output is reported by Corporations).

EGSS reporting units are in every sector of NACE international classification (NACE Rev. 2).

Address book for reporting units also gets updated annually, most reporting units remain the same, but some are excluded as they no longer produce env. services.

For 2022 data collection we included more reporting units that produce energy from renewable sources (wind, water, solar, biomass).

Not requested for this metadata collection.

Output was compiled via annual web survey. Web survey is done to ensure the compilance with ESA definition and valuation rules. Each product/variable is given a number of characteristics that follow the ESA rules.

Environmental specific services, cleaner and resource efficient products and other (connected) products were calculated based on the data collected via a survey. A list of products is implemented in the survey (list is based on the CPA 2000 classification) and each product is given a characteristics, whether its the environmental specific services, cleaner and more resource efficient products and other (connected) products.

Market output is reported under corporations while the non-market output was reported under Government entities and NPISH.

Ancillary output and output for own-final use were estimated based on the data collected via the survey. Reporting units have an option to report output as either market, ancillary or output for own-final use.

We calculated GVA from the share of GVA in the total country's GDP (GVA is calculated from output).

Exports were estimated and calculated through a CN number, in a way that environmental statistics unit determined EGSS related products and seperated them from the non-EGSS related products. We were unable to produce the data for all EGSS services because we were unable to fully identify all the EGSS related products, some products could not be determined whether they are EP related or not in the NACE classification. 

The FTE share is being questioned in the survey. After that a check over the shares of employees in national accounts is made, and it is then multiplied through NACE categories with positive output. Employment from ancillary and own-account output were difficult to estimate, so the values were calculated over the total share.

When selecting a survey population we are trying to cover almost all NACE categories. Data are reported based on the classification of the producer, but also based on products. Meaning that certain NACE categories can have products in various CEPA/CReMA categories.

Not calculated yet.

Not applicable.

Not requested for this metadata collection.