Turkish Statistical Institute - TurkStat

Environmental Statistics Group / Environment and Sustainable Development Statistics Department

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu

Devlet Mahallesi Necatibey Caddesi No:114/ Çankaya

Ankara /Turkey

Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) provide an aggregate overview, in thousand tonnes per year, of the material flows into and out of an economy. EW-MFA cover solid, gaseous, and liquid materials, except for bulk flows of water and air. Like the system of national accounts, EW-MFA constitute a multi-purpose information system. The detailed material flows provide a rich empirical database for numerous analytical purposes. Further, EW-MFA are used to derive various material flow indicators.

The National Statistical Institute (NSI) sent to Eurostat on yearly basis the EW-MFA. The accounts comprise the following reporting tables:

• Table A 'Domestic extraction (DE)': records material flows from the environment into the economy in a detailed breakdown by type of material
• Table B 'Imports - total imports (intra- and extra-EU) and Table D 'Exports – total exports (intra- and extra-EU)': These physical trade tables record the imports and exports of products in thousand tonnes and grouped by materials.
• Table F 'Domestic processed output (DPO)': records material flows from the economy to the domestic environment (e.g. emissions to air, water and soil)
• Table G 'Balancing items': reports some memorandum items which are necessary to have the full material balance related to a national economy
• Table H 'Indicators': presents the EW-MFA derived indicators which are automatically calculated from Table A to G
• Table I 'Material flow accounts in raw material equivalents (RME)': records material flow accounts in raw material equivalents (MFA-RME).

Some items are calculated automatically based on data reported in Table A and Table I.

EW-MFA record physical flows of materials broken down by type of flow and by type of material.

The type of flow dimension corresponds to the EW-MFA questionnaire reporting tables and derived indicators, namely:

• domestic extraction (Table A)
• physical imports (Table B)
• physical exports (Table D)
• domestic processed output (Table F)
• balancing items (Table G)
• direct material input (indicator)
• domestic material consumption (indicator)
• physical trade balance (indicator)

The breakdown by type of material employs a classification of materials. This EW-MFA classification of materials is hierarchical with main material flow categories (1-digit level). Each main category is further broken down, maximal down to 4-digit-level:

    1-digit: material category;

    2-digit: material class;

    3-digit: material group;

    4-digit: material sub-group.

The data refers to national economies as defined in the system of national accounts.

Conceptually economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) belong to the international system of environmental economic accounting (SEEA-Central Framework). Furthermore, EW-MFA is one of several physical modules of Eurostat's programme on European environmental economic accounts. It is covered by Regulation (EU) No. 691/2011 on European environmental economic accounts.

EW-MFA are closely related to concepts and definitions of national accounts. Most notably they follow the residence principle, i.e. they record material flows related to resident unit's activities, regardless where those occur geographically.

Further methodological guidelines are provided in various publications by Eurostat (see Eurostat website > Environment > Methodology, heading: 'Material flows and resource productivity').

For more detailed information please see also 3.1.

Statistical units change according to the different data sources (e.g. agriculture, forestry and fishery statistics, production statistics, geological surveys, energy statistics, foreign trade statistics etc.) which EW-MFA are based on.

EW-MFA refers to the entire national economy of the reporting country (see also 3.3 'Coverage - sector')).

EW-MFA includes all materials (excluding water and air) crossing the system boundary (between the environment and the economy) on the input side or on the output side. The economy is demarcated by the conventions of the national accounting system (resident units).

Material inputs to the economy cover extractions of natural resources (excluding water and air) from the natural environment and imports of material products (goods) from the rest of the world economy (ROW).

Material outputs are disposal of materials to the natural environment and exports of material products and waste to the ROW. Information on natural resources extracted and traded products is provided by different statistical units.

Turkey

Please see the table in 3.8.1.

Not applicable because EW-MFA are not reported as indices.

The unit of measure is thousand tonnes, (1000 Metric tonnes).

The data refers to 1990 - 2022.

Statistics on economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) are based on Regulation (EC) No. 691/2011 (Annex II) on European environmental economic accounts as amended by Regulation 538/2014, as well as legal acts in the area of national accounts. Data transmission became obligatory in September 2013. Before, Eurostat collected the data on a voluntary basis. (Turkey, as a candidate country, reports the data on a voluntary basis.)

Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) are legally covered by Regulation (EU) 691/2011 on European Environmental Economic Accounts.

Not applicable in national level. This information is required at European level only.

Regulation on Procedure and Principles of Data Confidentiality and Confidential Data Security in Official Statistics of TurkStat applies.

https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Kurumsal/Yonetmelikler

Confidential data are not shown. The most common approach is to present only aggregation of the confidential data point with the non-confidential data that is the nearest suitable data point.

Without having a specific release calendar for MFA data, the data are published annually as an aggregate table in Turkey Statistical Institute web site.

https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=cevre-ve-enerji-103&dil=1

Not applicable.

The Statistical Program Committee of the European Commission adopted the Code of Practice in February 2005 to declare that it will adhere to these principles. The principles of implementation are based on current international standards. In this context, 15 principles and 82 indicators were formed. Turkey Statistics Law No. 5429 with the appropriate legal arrangements were made to these principles. TurkStat disseminates statistics on TurkStat's website. The dissemination dates of the statistics published as press release are specified in the national data release calendar shared with the public.

With regards to the material flow accounts; the responsible organization, the format of release and the frequency of release are specified in the official statistics program. On the other hand, these statistics are not included in the national data release calendar since they are not published as press release.

Annual

Statistical table and press release are on-line (included in special press release for world environment day).

Material flow accounts are published annually as a statistical table by Turkstat (https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=cevre-ve-enerji-103&dil=1).

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

For material flow accounts, a handbook describes all process for compiling and disseminating material flows and other related documentation are available for in-house use.

Not applicable.

For material flow accounts, a handbook describes all process for compiling and disseminating material flows and other related documentation are available for in-house use.

We don't have any specific quality report on MFA. On the other hand, we derive MFA data from various validated official statistics which already have quality reports. These quality reports can be found on "https://www.tuik.gov.tr/" by statistical theme, under the metadata of the regarding press release. As an example see: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Greenhouse-Gas-Emissions-Statistics-1990-2021-49672

The submitted MFA data by TurkStat is considered highly compliant in SMIS Compliance Monitoring.

Economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) provide a rich empirical database for numerous purposes. At international level the European Commission uses EW-MFA and derived indicators for developing and monitoring policies in domains such as circular economy, sustainable development, resource efficiency, sustainable consumption and production, and greening of other policy areas. The derived EW-MFA indicator domestic material consumption (DMC) is a headline indicator for the Europe 2020 resource efficiency initiative.

Material flow accounts mainly used “https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=cevre-ve-enerji-103&dil=2”  theme of sustainable development indicators (SDIs).

Not applicable.

All the parts of domestic extraction and foreign trade data are compiled.

It will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

EW-MFA constitutes accounts and as such they are compiled from a variety of data sources. The majority of EW-MFA characteristics are based on statistical data sources that are official statistics and has quality reports. In Annex 3, all the data sources are remarked and quality reports of data sources are available under these links:

https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=cevre-ve-enerji-103&dil=2

Some characteristics even need to be estimated because adequate statistical data sources do not exist.  All the estimated data are compitable with the Economy wide material flow account handbook, 2018 editon and 2013 compilation guide.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable because data are not based on a sample survey.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

With the help of Official Statistics Programme for Turkey, which gives dissemination schedule of the data, availability of MFA can be scheduled.

(“t” is the last day of the year)  MFA for reference year can be filled after 18 months. 

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

There are no timed publications on material flow accounts.

Not applicable.

The data are geographically comparable. Data on EW-MFA are compiled according to harmonised guidelines provided by Eurostat and hence comparable across European countries reporting EW-MFA data to Eurostat.

Not applicable because physical imports and exports as recorded in EW-MFA are not specified by origin and/or destination.

The data are comparable for the period 1990 - reference year. Please see the table in 15.2.1.1. for detailed info.

It will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT. 

Please use below table for explaining b)-flags (breaks in time series):

Accounts are consistent with the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA-CF) adopted the United Nations Statistical Commission as a world-level statistical standard in March 2012.

Not applicable; reported EW-MFA data are only annual.

Starting from 2022, MF.4.2.3 (which was the only exception of residince principle in MFA) is available for years 2017-2021. The data source is PEFA and due to reporting timeline of the source, 2022 data for MF.4.2.3 will be reported next year.

The data reported are internally coherent.

It is around 60 FTE to calculate and report MFA data.

Policies for data revision are set out in the "Instruction on Methods and Principles Regarding Revisions on Statistical Data Produced by Turkish Statistical Institute" directive. 

https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Kurumsal/Yonergeler

2018-2021 data of MF7.4.4 was revised, because it contained some basic arithmatical mistakes in calculation steps. 

2018-2021 data of MF7.2 was revised, because it contained some basic arithmatical mistakes in calculation steps. 

It will be calculated and provided by EUROSTAT.

Data sources used to produce economy-wide material flow accounts are described in the sub-concepts 18.1.1 (and Annex) and 18.1.2.

Please use Annex 1 to report the detailed data sources for questionnaire tables A, B, D, F and G.

Raw material equivalent was calculated with Eurostat's RME estimation tool for only 2015 data collection.

Data are compiled annually.

All relevant data are received via official letter in electronic format.

Internal inconsistency or possible missing data are checked with prior year data.

-For Biomass:  TurkStat data were used crop production in national humidity for the part of A.1.1 and A1.2. For the part of A.1.4, fishery statistics data of TurkStat were used. For filling the forestry statistics, A.1.3, Eurostat Roundwood removals by type of wood and assortment [for_remov] database were used.

-For Metal Ores: Data of TurkStat were used mainly. For the missing years before 2006, data were estimated by using data of USGS and World mineral product. These estimations were done as initially a reference year which data are available in national and international data sources was determined and then historical data were adjusted/estimated according to the ratio of data from national source to the international source.

-For Non Metalic Minerals: Annual industrial products (Prodcom) statistics were used mainly. For the missing years before 2006, data were estimated by using data of USGS, UN data base and World mineral product. These estimations were done as initially a reference year which data are available in national and international data sources was determined and then historical data were adjusted/estimated according to the ratio of data from national source to the international source.

-For Fossil Energy Materials/Carriers: Energy balance tables data were used.

Not applicable.

For crop residues, the data were estimated according to Eurostat MFA guide which recommends factors that were used for estimation procedure. Moreover, data for sand and gravel, clays and kaolin and limestone and gypsum were derived from annual industrial statistical sources. For the grazed biomass, both supply and use estimation method were used and compared that are compatible with MFA guide. 

TurkStat Foreign Trade Statistics data were used. The data were distributed to MFA categories and stage of manufacturing according to annex.

We used conversion factors for only natural gas to convert cubic meter to tonnes. The conversion factor are country specific that were taken from energy statistics department.

Residince adjustment of fuel trade has been calculated in PEFA and submitted for 2017-2021 in MFA. The unit of measurement of PEFA is terajoule, so it was converted into tonnes by using standart coefficients.

None.

Not applicable; i.e. in EW-MFA no time series adjustment necessary.

Not applicable.