1.1. Contact organisation
Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia (CSB)
1.2. Contact organisation unit
Population and Housing Census Section
1.3. Contact name
Confidential because of GDPR
1.4. Contact person function
Confidential because of GDPR
1.5. Contact mail address
Lāčplēša Street 1, Riga, LV-1301, Latvia
1.6. Contact email address
Confidential because of GDPR
1.7. Contact phone number
Confidential because of GDPR
1.8. Contact fax number
Confidential because of GDPR
2.1. Metadata last certified
7 March 2014
2.2. Metadata last posted
6 March 2014
2.3. Metadata last update
6 March 2014
3.1. Data description
Not available.
3.2. Classification system
ISCO-08, NACE Rev. 2, etc.
3.3. Coverage - sector
3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions
3.4.1. Statistical concepts and definitions - Usual residence
Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage.
Persons usually resident in the place of enumeration but absent, or expected to be absent, at the time of the census for less than one year shall be considered as temporarily absent persons and thus included in the total unsually population. In contrast, persons living or expected to live outside the place of enumeration for one year or more shall not be considered temporarily absent and shall therefore be excluded from the total population. This is regardless of the length of visits that they may pay to their families from time to time.
Persons who are enumerated but do not meet the criteria for usual residence in the place of enumeration, i.e. do not live or do not expect to live in the place of enumeration for a continuous period of at least 12 months, are considered temporarily present and are therefore not counted in the total usually resident population.
3.4.2. Statistical concepts and definitions - Sex
"Sex" refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.
3.4.3. Statistical concepts and definitions - Age
The age reached at the reference date (in completed years).
3.4.4. Statistical concepts and definitions - Marital status
Marital status is the (legal) conjugal status of an individual in relation to the marriage laws of the country (de jure status).
A person shall be classified according to his/her most recently acquired legal marital status at the reference date.
'Registered partnerships' are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
In countries where the legislation includes provisions for married partners to be 'legally separated', such 'legally separated' persons are classified under 'married'.
Marital status (Legal marital status according to the 2011 Census Framework Regulation). Legal basis for the legal marital status of person in Latvia is laid down by the Civil Law of the Republic of Latvia. Legal marital status of a person is defined as individual status of a person in relation to the family according to the national legislation. Four standard categories are used: single (never married), married, divorced, and widowed.
The minimum age for marriage is set at eighteen years. Section 32 of the Civil Law of Latvia prohibits marriage prior to the attaining of eighteen years of age. By way of exception, a person who has attained sixteen years of age may marry with the consent of his or her parents or guardians if he or she marries a person of legal age.
Possibility to divorce (Dissolution of Marriage) is also stipulated in Chapter 1 of the Civil Law of Latvia.
National legislation of Latvia does not grant legal status for same-sex marriages and registered partnerships.
3.4.5. Statistical concepts and definitions - Family status
The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children.
Child (son/daughter) refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of at least one of the parents, and who has no partner or own children in the same household. Foster children are not included. A son or daughter who lives with a spouse, with a registered partner, with a partner in a consensual union, or with one or more own children, is not considered to be a child. A child who alternates between two households (for instance if his or her parents are divorced) shall consider the one where he or she spends the majority of the time as his or her household. Where an equal amount of time is spent with both parents the household shall be the one where the child is found at the time on census night.
The term couple shall include married couples, couples in registered partnerships, and couples who live in a consensual union.
Registered partnerships are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
Two persons are considered to be partners in a 'consensual union' when they
— belong to the same household, and
— have a marriage-like relationship with each other, and
— are not married to or in a registered partnership with each other.
'Skip-generation households' (households consisting of a grandparent or grandparents and one or more grandchildren, but no parent of those grandchildren) are not included in the definition of a family.
3.4.6. Statistical concepts and definitions - Household status
Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept.
1. Housekeeping concept
According to the housekeeping concept, a private household is either:
(a) A one-person household, that is a person who lives alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multiperson household as defined below; or
(b) A multiperson household, that is a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. Members of the group may pool their incomes to a greater or lesser extent.
2. Household-dwelling concept
The household-dwelling concept considers all persons living in a housing unit to be members of the same household, such that there is one household per occupied housing unit. In the household dwelling concept, then, the number of occupied housing units and the number of households occupying them is equal, and the locations of the housing units and house holds are identical.
The category 'Persons living in a private household' comprises 'Persons in a family nucleus' and 'Persons not in a family nucleus'. The category 'Persons in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who belong to a private household that contains a family nucleus of which they are a member. 'Persons not in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who either belong to a non-family household or to a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household.
A non-family household can be a one-person household ('Living alone') or a multiperson household without any family nucleus. The category 'Not living alone' comprises persons that live either in a multiperson household without any family nucleus or in a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household. Persons who belong to a skip-generation household and who are not member of any family nucleus in that household shall be classified in the optional category 'Persons living in a household with relative(s)'.
The term 'son/daughter' is defined as the term 'child' in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'. 'Husband/wife couple' means a married opposite-sex couple.
'Registered partnership' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Legal marital status'. 'Consensual union' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'.
The category 'Partners' comprises 'Persons in a married couple', 'Partners in a registered partnership' and 'Partners in a consensual union'.
'Primary homeless persons' are persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters as defined in the technical specifications for the topic 'Type of living quarters'.
3.4.7. Statistical concepts and definitions - Current activity status
Current activity status' is the current relationship of a person to economic activity, based on a reference period of one week, which may be either a specified, recent, fixed, calendar week, or the last complete calendar week, or the last seven days prior to enumeration.
The 'currently economically active population' comprises all persons who fulfil the requirements for inclusion among the employed or the unemployed.
'Employed' persons comprise all persons aged 15 years or over who during the reference week:
(a) performed at least one hour of work for pay or profit, in cash or in kind, or
(b) were temporarily absent from a job in which they had already worked and to which they maintained a formal attachment, or from a self-employment activity.
The 'unemployed' comprise all persons aged 15 years or over who were:
(a) 'without work', that is, were not in wage employment or self-employment during the reference week; and
(b) 'currently available for work', that is, were available for wage employment or self-employment during the reference week and for two weeks after that; and
(c) 'seeking work', that is, had taken specific steps to seek wage employment or self-employment within four weeks ending with the reference week.
The category 'Currently not economically active' includes persons below the national minimum age for economic activity.
In ascribing a single activity status to each person, priority is given to the status of 'employed' in preference to 'unemployed', and to the status of 'unemployed' in preference to 'not economically active'.
3.4.8. Statistical concepts and definitions - Occupation
Occupation' refers to the type of work done in a job (that is the main tasks and duties of the work). Persons doing more than one job are allocated an occupation based on their main job, which is identified according to the time spent on the job or, if not available, to the income received.
The breakdown by occupation is available for persons aged 15 or over that were:
— employed during the reference week, or
— unemployed during the reference week, but have ever been in employment
Persons are classified according to the occupation they had during their most recent employment. The categories included in the breakdown 'occupation' correspond to the major groups of the ISCO-08 (COM) classification.
Persons under the age of 15 years, as well as persons aged 15 or over that were:
— not economically active during the reference week, or
— unemployed, never worked before (i.e. they have never been employed in their lives)
are classified under 'not applicable'.
The allocation of a person within the breakdowns of the topics 'Occupation', 'Industry' and 'Status in employment' is based on the same job.
3.4.9. Statistical concepts and definitions - Industry
Industry (branch of economic activity) is the kind of production or activity of the establishment (or similar unit) in which the job of a currently economically active person is located.
Persons doing more than one job shall be allocated an industry (branch of economic activity) based on their main job, which is to be identified according to the time spent on the job or (if not available) the income received.
The breakdown by industry is available for persons aged 15 or over that were:
— employed during the reference week, or
— unemployed during the reference week, but have ever been in employment
Persons are classified according to the industry they worked in during their most recent employment. The categories included in the breakdown 'industry' list the 21 sections of the NACE Rev. 2 classification and appropriate aggregates.
Persons under the age of 15 years, as well as persons aged 15 or over that were:
— not economically active during the reference week, or
— unemployed, and have never worked before (i.e. have never been employed in their lives)
are classified under 'not applicable'.
The allocation of a person within the breakdowns of the topics 'Occupation', 'Industry' and 'Status in employment' is based on the same job.
3.4.10. Statistical concepts and definitions - Status in employment
An 'employee' is a person who works in a 'paid employment' job, that is a job where the explicit or implicit contract of employment gives the incumbent a basic remuneration, which is independent of the revenue of the unit for which he/she works.
An 'employer' is a person who, working on his or her own account or with a small number of partners, holds a 'self-employment' job and, in this capacity, on a continuous basis (including the reference week) has engaged one or more persons to work for him/her as 'employees'.
If a person is both employer and employee, he/she shall be allocated to only one group according to the time spent on the job or (if not available) the income received.
An 'own-account worker' is a person who, working on his/her own account or with one or a few partners, holds a 'self-employment job' and has not engaged, on a continuous basis (including the reference week), any 'employees'.
A 'contributing family worker' is a person who
— holds a 'self-employment’ job in a market-oriented establishment operated by a related person, living in the same household, and
— cannot be regarded as a partner (that is an employer or own-account worker) because the degree of commitment to the operation of the establishment, in terms of working time or other factors to be determined by national circumstances, is not at a level comparable to that of the head of the establishment.
A 'member of a producers' cooperative' is a person who holds a 'self-employment' job in an establishment organised as a coop erative, in which each member takes part on an equal footing with other members in determining the organisation of production, sales and/or other work, the investments and the distribution of the proceeds among the members.
3.4.11. Statistical concepts and definitions - Place of work
The location of the place of work is the geographical area in which a currently employed person does his/her job.
The place of work of those mostly working at home is the same as their usual residence. The term 'working' refers to work done as an 'employed person' as defined under the topic 'Current activity status'. 'Mostly' working at home means that the person spends all or most of the time working at home, and less, or no, time in a place of work other than at home.
3.4.12. Statistical concepts and definitions - Educational attainment
'Educational attainment' refers to the highest level successfully completed in the educational system of the country where the education was received. All education which is relevant to the completion of a level is taken into account even if this was provided outside schools and universities.
Persons aged 15 years or over are classified under only one of the categories according to their educational attainment (highest completed level). Persons under the age of 15 years are classified under 'not applicable'.
3.4.13. Statistical concepts and definitions - Size of the locality
A locality is defined as a distinct population cluster, that is an area defined by population living in neighbouring or contiguous buildings. Such buildings may either:
(a) form a continuous built-up area with a clearly recognisable street formation; or
(b) though not part of such a built-up area, comprise a group of buildings to which a locally recognised place name is uniquely attached; or
(c) though not meeting either of the above two criteria, constitute a group of buildings, none of which is separated from its nearest neighbour by more than 200 metres.
3.4.14. Statistical concepts and definitions - Place of birth
Place of birth is defined as the place of usual residence of the mother at the time of the birth, or, if not available, as the place in which the birth took place.
Information on the country of birth is based on the international boundaries existing on 1 January 2011. 'EU Member State', in particular, means a country that is a member of the European Union on 1 January 2011. The list of countries in the breakdown 'country/place of birth' serves only for statistical purposes.
For reporting countries that are EU Member States, the sub-category under the category 'other EU Member State' that refers to their Member State does not apply. For reporting countries that are not EU Member States, the category 'Other EU Member State' shall be read as 'EU Member State'.
The category 'Information not classifiable according to current borders' covers those persons whose country of birth existed at the time of the birth, but no longer exists at the time of the census, and who cannot be allocated uniquely to one country existing at the time of the census, i.e. according to current borders.
The category 'outside any country' covers persons for whom the usual residence of the mother at the time of the birth is not known and who where born outside the borders of any country, for example at sea or in the air.
3.4.15. Statistical concepts and definitions - Country of citizenship
Citizenship is defined as the particular legal bond between an individual and his/her State, acquired by birth or naturalisation, whether by declaration, option, marriage or other means according to the national legislation.
A person with two or more citizenships is allocated to only one country of citizenship, to be determined in the following order of precedence:
1. reporting country; or
2. if the person does not have the citizenship of the reporting country: other EU Member State; 3. if the person does not have the citizenship of another EU Member State: other country outside the European Union.
'EU Member State' means a country that is a member of the European Union on 1 January 2011. The list of countries in the breakdown 'Country of citizenship' shall only apply for statistical purposes.
For reporting countries that are EU Member States, the sub-category of the category 'citizenship not of reporting country, but other EU Member State' that refers to their Member State does not apply. For reporting countries that are not EU Member States, the category 'citizenship not of reporting country, but other EU Member State' shall be changed to 'citizenship of an EU Member State'.
Persons who are neither citizens of any country nor stateless and who have some but not all of the rights and duties associated with citizenship shall be classified under 'recognised non-citizens'.
3.4.16. Statistical concepts and definitions - Year of arrival in the country
The year of arrival is the calendar year in which a person most recently established usual residence in the country. The data for 2011 refer to the time span between 1 January 2011 and the reference date.
3.4.17. Statistical concepts and definitions - Residence one year before
This indicates the relationship between the current place of usual residence and the place of usual residence one year prior to the census. Children under one year of age are classified under 'Not applicable'.
For all persons that have changed their usual residence more than once within the year prior to the reference date, the previous place of usual residence is the last usual residence from which they moved to their current place of usual residence.
3.4.18. Statistical concepts and definitions - Housing arrangements
The topic 'Housing arrangements' covers the whole population and refers to the type of housing in which a person usually resides at the time of the census. This covers all persons who are usual residents in different types of living quarters, or who do not have a usual residence and stay temporarily in some type of living quarters, or who are roofless, sleeping rough or in emergency shelters, when the census is taken.
Occupants are persons with their usual residence in the places listed in the respective category.
'Conventional dwellings' are structurally separate and independent premises at fixed locations which are designed for permanent human habitation and are, at the reference date, either used as a residence, or vacant, or reserved for seasonal or secondary use.
'Separate' means surrounded by walls and covered by a roof or ceiling so that one or more persons can isolate themselves. 'Independent' means having direct access from a street or a staircase, passage, gallery or grounds.
'Other housing units' are huts, cabins, shacks, shanties, caravans, houseboats, barns, mills, caves or any other shelter used for human habitation at the time of the census, irrespective if it was designed for human habitation.
'Collective living quarters' are premises which are designed for habitation by large groups of individuals or several households and which are used as the usual residence of at least one person at the time of the census.
'Occupied conventional dwellings', 'other housing units' and 'collective living quarters' together represent'‘living quarters'. Any 'living quarter' must be the usual residence of at least one person.
The sum of occupied conventional dwellings and other housing units represents 'housing units'.
The homeless (persons who are not usual residents in any living quarter category) can be persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters (primary homelessness) or persons moving frequently between temporary accommodation (secondary homelessness).
3.4.19. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of family nucleus
The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children.
Child (son/daughter) refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of at least one of the parents, and who has no partner or own children in the same household. Foster children are not included. A son or daughter who lives with a spouse, with a registered partner, with a partner in a consensual union, or with one or more own children, is not considered to be a child. A child who alternates between two households (for instance if his or her parents are divorced) shall consider the one where he or she spends the majority of the time as his or her household. Where an equal amount of time is spent with both parents the household shall be the one where the child is found at the time on census night.
The term couple shall include married couples, couples in registered partnerships, and couples who live in a consensual union.
Registered partnerships are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
Two persons are considered to be partners in a 'consensual union' when they
— belong to the same household, and
— have a marriage-like relationship with each other, and
— are not married to or in a registered partnership with each other.
'Skip-generation households' (households consisting of a grandparent or grandparents and one or more grandchildren, but no parent of those grandchildren) are not included in the definition of a family.
3.4.20. Statistical concepts and definitions - Size of family nucleus
The family nucleus is defined in the narrow sense, that is as two or more persons who belong to the same household and who are related as husband and wife, as partners in a registered partnership, as partners in a consensual union, or as parent and child. Thus a family comprises a couple without children, or a couple with one or more children, or a lone parent with one or more children. This family concept limits relationships between children and adults to direct (first-degree) relationships, that is between parents and children.
Child (son/daughter) refers to a blood, step- or adopted son or daughter (regardless of age or marital status) who has usual residence in the household of at least one of the parents, and who has no partner or own children in the same household. Foster children are not included. A son or daughter who lives with a spouse, with a registered partner, with a partner in a consensual union, or with one or more own children, is not considered to be a child. A child who alternates between two households (for instance if his or her parents are divorced) shall consider the one where he or she spends the majority of the time as his or her household. Where an equal amount of time is spent with both parents the household shall be the one where the child is found at the time on census night.
The term couple shall include married couples, couples in registered partnerships, and couples who live in a consensual union.
Registered partnerships are reported only by countries that have a legal framework regulating partnerships that:
(a) lead to legal conjugal obligations between two persons;
(b) are not marriages;
(c) prevent persons to commit themselves into multiple partnerships with different partners.
Two persons are considered to be partners in a 'consensual union' when they
— belong to the same household, and
— have a marriage-like relationship with each other, and
— are not married to or in a registered partnership with each other.
'Skip-generation households' (households consisting of a grandparent or grandparents and one or more grandchildren, but no parent of those grandchildren) are not included in the definition of a family.
3.4.21. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of private household
Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept.
1. Housekeeping concept
According to the housekeeping concept, a private household is either:
(a) A one-person household, that is a person who lives alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multiperson household as defined below; or
(b) A multiperson household, that is a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. Members of the group may pool their incomes to a greater or lesser extent.
2. Household-dwelling concept
The household-dwelling concept considers all persons living in a housing unit to be members of the same household, such that there is one household per occupied housing unit. In the household dwelling concept, then, the number of occupied housing units and the number of households occupying them is equal, and the locations of the housing units and house holds are identical.
The category 'Persons living in a private household' comprises 'Persons in a family nucleus' and 'Persons not in a family nucleus'. The category 'Persons in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who belong to a private household that contains a family nucleus of which they are a member. 'Persons not in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who either belong to a non-family household or to a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household.
A non-family household can be a one-person household ('Living alone') or a multiperson household without any family nucleus. The category 'Not living alone' comprises persons that live either in a multiperson household without any family nucleus or in a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household. Persons who belong to a skip-generation household and who are not member of any family nucleus in that household shall be classified in the optional category 'Persons living in a household with relative(s)'.
The term 'son/daughter' is defined as the term 'child' in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'. 'Husband/wife couple' means a married opposite-sex couple.
'Registered partnership' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Legal marital status'. 'Consensual union' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'.
The category 'Partners' comprises 'Persons in a married couple', 'Partners in a registered partnership' and 'Partners in a consensual union'.
'Primary homeless persons' are persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters as defined in the technical specifications for the topic 'Type of living quarters'.
3.4.22. Statistical concepts and definitions - Size of private household
Private households may be defined according to the 'housekeeping concept' , or, if this is not possible, Member States may apply the 'household-dwelling' concept.
1. Housekeeping concept
According to the housekeeping concept, a private household is either:
(a) A one-person household, that is a person who lives alone in a separate housing unit or who occupies, as a lodger, a separate room (or rooms) of a housing unit but does not join with any of the other occupants of the housing unit to form part of a multiperson household as defined below; or
(b) A multiperson household, that is a group of two or more persons who combine to occupy the whole or part of a housing unit and to provide themselves with food and possibly other essentials for living. Members of the group may pool their incomes to a greater or lesser extent.
2. Household-dwelling concept
The household-dwelling concept considers all persons living in a housing unit to be members of the same household, such that there is one household per occupied housing unit. In the household dwelling concept, then, the number of occupied housing units and the number of households occupying them is equal, and the locations of the housing units and house holds are identical.
The category 'Persons living in a private household' comprises 'Persons in a family nucleus' and 'Persons not in a family nucleus'. The category 'Persons in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who belong to a private household that contains a family nucleus of which they are a member. 'Persons not in a family nucleus' comprises all persons who either belong to a non-family household or to a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household.
A non-family household can be a one-person household ('Living alone') or a multiperson household without any family nucleus. The category 'Not living alone' comprises persons that live either in a multiperson household without any family nucleus or in a family household without being member of any family nucleus in that household. Persons who belong to a skip-generation household and who are not member of any family nucleus in that household shall be classified in the optional category 'Persons living in a household with relative(s)'.
The term 'son/daughter' is defined as the term 'child' in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'. 'Husband/wife couple' means a married opposite-sex couple.
'Registered partnership' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Legal marital status'. 'Consensual union' is defined as in the technical specifications for the topic 'Family status'.
The category 'Partners' comprises 'Persons in a married couple', 'Partners in a registered partnership' and 'Partners in a consensual union'.
'Primary homeless persons' are persons living in the streets without a shelter that would fall within the scope of living quarters as defined in the technical specifications for the topic 'Type of living quarters'.
3.4.23. Statistical concepts and definitions - Tenure status of households
The topic 'Tenure status of households' refers to the arrangements under which a private household occupies all or part of a housing unit.
Households that are in the process of paying off a mortgage on the housing unit in which they live or purchasing their housing unit over time under other financial arrangementsare classified under 'Households of which at least one member is the owner of the housing unit'.
Households of which at least one member is the owner of the housing unit and at least one member tenant of all or part of the housing unit are classified under category 'Households of which at least one member is the owner of the housing unit'.
3.4.24. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of living quarter
'Conventional dwellings' are structurally separate and independent premises at fixed locations which are designed for permanent human habitation and are, at the reference date, either used as a residence, or vacant, or reserved for seasonal or secondary use.
'Separate' means surrounded by walls and covered by a roof or ceiling so that one or more persons can isolate themselves. 'Independent' means having direct access from a street or a staircase, passage, gallery or grounds.
'Other housing units' are huts, cabins, shacks, shanties, caravans, houseboats, barns, mills, caves or any other shelter used for human habitation at the time of the census, irrespective if it was designed for human habitation.
'Collective living quarters' are premises which are designed for habitation by large groups of individuals or several households and which are used as the usual residence of at least one person at the time of the census.
'Occupied conventional dwellings', 'other housing units' and 'collective living quarters' together represent'‘living quarters'. Any 'living quarter' must be the usual residence of at least one person.
3.4.25. Statistical concepts and definitions - Occupancy status
'Occupied conventional dwellings' are conventional dwellings which are the usual residence of one or more persons at the time of the census. 'Unoccupied conventional dwellings' are conventional dwellings which are not the usual residence of any person at the time of the census.
Conventional dwellings with persons present but not included in the census are classified under the category 'Dwellings reserved for seasonal or secondary use'.
3.4.26. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of ownership
The topic 'Type of ownership' refers to the ownership of the dwelling and not to that of the land on which the dwelling stands.
'Owner-occupied dwellings' are those where at least one occupant of the dwelling owns parts or the whole of the dwelling. 'Cooperative ownership' refers to ownership within the framework of a housing cooperative.
'Rented dwellings' are those where at least one occupant pays a rent for the occupation of the dwelling, and where no occupant owns parts or the whole of the dwelling.
3.4.27. Statistical concepts and definitions - Number of occupants
The number of occupants of a housing unit is the number of people for whom the housing unit is the usual residence.
3.4.28. Statistical concepts and definitions - Useful floor space
Useful floor space is defined as the floor space measured inside the outer walls excluding non-habitable cellars and attics and, in multi-dwelling buildings, all common spaces; or the total floor space of rooms falling under the concept of 'room'.
A 'room' is defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof, of a size large enough to hold a bed for an adult (4 square metres at least) and at least 2 metres high over the major area of the ceiling.
3.4.29. Statistical concepts and definitions - Number of rooms
A 'room' is defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof, of a size large enough to hold a bed for an adult (4 square metres at least) and at least 2 metres high over the major area of the ceiling.
3.4.30. Statistical concepts and definitions - Density standard (floor space)
The topic ‘Density standard’ relates the useful floor space in square metres or the number of rooms to the number of occupants, as specified under the topic 'Number of occupants'.
Data report on the density standard measured by the 'useful floor space', or, if not possible, by the 'number of rooms'.
3.4.31. Statistical concepts and definitions - Density standard (number of rooms)
The topic ‘Density standard’ relates the useful floor space in square metres or the number of rooms to the number of occupants, as specified under the topic 'Number of occupants'.
Data report on the density standard measured by the 'useful floor space', or, if not possible, by the 'number of rooms'.
3.4.32. Statistical concepts and definitions - Water supply system
A water supply system is a system for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage and distribution of water from source to consumers, for example, homes, commercial establishments, industry, irrigation facilities and public agencies for water—related activities (fire—fighting, street flushing and so forth).
3.4.33. Statistical concepts and definitions - Toilet facilities
Toilet facilities may be defined as an installation for the disposal of human excreta.
3.4.34. Statistical concepts and definitions - Bathing facilities
A bathing facility is any facility designed to wash the whole body and includes shower facilities.
3.4.35. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of heating
A housing unit is considered as centrally heated if heating is provided either from a community heating centre or from an installation built in the building or in the housing unit, established for heating purposes, without regard to the source of energy.
3.4.36. Statistical concepts and definitions - Type of building
The topic 'Dwellings by type of building' refers to the number of dwellings in the building in which the dwelling is placed.
3.4.37. Statistical concepts and definitions - Period of construction
The topic 'Dwellings by period of construction' refers to the year when the building in which the dwelling is placed was completed.
3.5. Statistical unit
The EU programme for the 2011 population and housing censuses include data on persons, private households, family nuclei, conventional dwellings and living quarters
3.6. Statistical population
Persons enumerated in the 2011 census are those who were usually resident in the territory of the reporting country at the census reference date. Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage
3.7. Reference area
Data are available at different levels of geographical detail: national, NUTS2, NUTS3 and local administrative units (LAU2)
3.8. Coverage - Time
Data refer to the situation in the reporting country at the census reference date (see item 5)
3.9. Base period
Counts of statistical units
1 March 2011
6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements
Common reminder of EU legislation
6.1.1. Bodies responsible
Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia
6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing
Not available.
7.1. Confidentiality - policy
In accordance with the requirements of the Law on Population and Housing Census, Law on State Statistics and Law on Protection of Natural Person Data the confidentiality of the personal data on each person and household acquired during the Population and Housing Census will be ensured.
In the Point 18 of the Law on State Statistics it has been set that CSB has to ensure system of organisational, administrative and technical undertakings to guarantee the confidentiality. One of the administrative undertakings is documentary fixed commitment to maintain confidentiality. Every single employee, including all engaged in collection of the personal statistical information, testifies the obligation not to spread the personal statistical information by signing the ‘’Confidentiality testimony’’.
When publishing the summary results of the Population and Housing Census 2011 CSB will guide from the requirements set in Latvia and European Union legislation and in the CSB Confidentiality Guidelines. Confidentiality requirements regard not only personal information, but also data published in the tables.
7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment
In the Point 18 of the Law on State Statistics it has been set that statistical data shall be considered confidential if they directly or indirectly allow for identification of the private individuals or State authorities regarding which personal statistical data have been provided and the Central Statistical Bureau and other State authorities producing official statistics shall take the necessary administrative, technical and organisational measures to ensure the confidentiality of individual statistical data, to prevent unauthorised access to information, distortion or dissemination thereof, unintentional or unauthorised destruction.
8.1. Release calendar
Data are made available 27 months after the end of the reference period (March 2014)
8.2. Release calendar access
8.3. Release policy - user access
Release policy is regulated by State Statistics Law, item 20, and Census Law, item 13 and 14.
According to State Statistics Law, Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia systematically informs society about economical, demographical and social phenomenon and processes in the state through the publications and mass media. Summary statistics defined by State statistical information program are available free of charge.
According to Census Law, Central Statistical Bureau of Latvia publishes census summary data in statistical data publications, put census data database in home page and disseminate data by other tools. Every municipality has rights to get free summary data about their administrative territory. Every person or legal person can get unpublished census information for pay, restricted by confidentiality regulation.
Data on population and housing censuses are disseminated every decade
10.1. Dissemination format - News release
There are more than 50 national news releases in latvian and 18 in english languages concerning the census 2011.
Link to english news releases concerning the census 2011 is in annex.
Annexes:
News releases on the census 2011
10.2. Dissemination format - Publications
According to Census Law, item 13, CSB consulted all major census data users (municipalities, scientific institutions, ministries, major universities) and confirmed a completion of statistical tables of the census results. Tables contain statistical information and are available online on CSB home page for all data users free of charge.
Data acquired within the Population and Housing Census 2011 are summarised in publication “Results of Population and Housing Census 2011 of Latvia in brief”.
CSB prepared and published census 2011 data (12 tables) about each of 58 neighborhoods of Riga.
Link to publication “Results of Population and Housing Census 2011 of Latvia in brief” is in annex.
Annexes:
Results of Population and Housing Census 2011 in Brief (only in Latvian)
10.3. Dissemination format - online database
CSB online database consists of 44 detailed 2011 census data tables. 36 tables of data are presented for each city under state jurisdiction, county and statistical region, but one - for each town of county and each parish.
Link to the online database on the census 2011 is in annex.
Annexes:
CSB online database
10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access
Only dissemination of census data as microdata (anonymised individual data of the 2000 and the 2011 population censuses) was for research for University of Latvia (UL).
10.5. Dissemination format - other
In September 2013 Population Census Section prepared and sent UN tables (on 300 pages) with the census 2011 summary data.
Unpublished data accordingly information requests from private persons, business enterprises, public organizations and scientists were prepared for a fee.
10.6. Documentation on methodology
Link to information on the Census 2011 methodology is given in annex.
Annexes:
Information on the census 2011 methodology
10.7. Quality management - documentation
CSB has developed a documentation system on surveys and estimations which includes documentation on methodology and quality indicators. The version of project "Population census 2011" containing methodological information is published online and information on quality indicators will be published in 2014.
11.1. Quality assurance
Quality assurance was carried out in two ways. Firstly, to prevent unacceptable practices by interviewers and to minimize systematic errors in data collection process, an interviewer control was done during the field work. Control mechanisms included data check-ups and analysis to detect data inconsistencies and errors, regular contacts with field officers and re-contacting households on selective basis. The field work quality control covered all 1960 census areas (15 addresses per census area on average) and amounted to 3% of all uestionnaires checked. About 30 thousand addresses were verified in total. Secondly, after the field work had ended, data were validated and corrected by comparing collected information with information available in administrative registers (see sec. 20.4).
11.2. Quality management - assessment
11.2.1. Coverage assessment
No coverage assessment was done for census enumerated population as post-enumeration survey had not been done due to financial restrictions. Therefore, assumption that census enumerated population is error-free was made. However, the assessment was done for the census non-enumerated persons by comparing census results with several administrative registers - Population Register, State Revenue Service, State Employment Agency, State Social Insurance Agency, Health Payment Centre, Ministry of Education and Science and Local Government data. Estimated total undercoverage was 13794 (0.7% of census population) and overcoverage was 9431 (0.5% of census population)
11.2.2. Post-enumeration survey(s)
Post-enumeration survey was not conducted due to financial restrictions.
12.1. Relevance - User Needs
The census data disseminated by Eurostat are addressed to policy makers, researchers, media and the general public.
12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction
No user satisfaction surveys are carried out. User inquiries are handled by the Eurostat User Support service.
12.3. Completeness
Depends on the availability of data transmitted by the National Statistical Institutes.
13.1. Accuracy - overall
13.1.1. Overall accuracy - Usual residence
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.2. Overall accuracy - Sex
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.3. Overall accuracy - Age
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.4. Overall accuracy - Marital status
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.5. Overall accuracy - Family status
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.6. Overall accuracy - Household status
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.7. Overall accuracy - Current activity status
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.8. Overall accuracy - Occupation
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.9. Overall accuracy - Industry
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.10. Overall accuracy - Status in employment
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.11. Overall accuracy - Place of work
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.12. Overall accuracy - Educational attainment
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.13. Overall accuracy - Size of the locality
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.14. Overall accuracy - Place of birth
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.15. Overall accuracy - Country of citizenship
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.16. Overall accuracy - Year of arrival in the country
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.17. Overall accuracy - Residence one year before
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.18. Overall accuracy - Housing arrangements
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.19. Overall accuracy - Type of family nucleus
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.20. Overall accuracy - Size of family nucleus
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.21. Overall accuracy - Type of private household
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic.
Housekeeping concept was used in Latvia.
13.1.22. Overall accuracy - Size of private household
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.23. Overall accuracy - Tenure status of households
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.24. Overall accuracy - Type of living quarter
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.25. Overall accuracy - Occupancy status
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.26. Overall accuracy - Type of ownership
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.27. Overall accuracy - Number of occupants
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.28. Overall accuracy - Useful floor space
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.29. Overall accuracy - Number of rooms
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.30. Overall accuracy - Density standard (floor space)
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.31. Overall accuracy - Density standard (number of rooms)
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.32. Overall accuracy - Water supply system
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.33. Overall accuracy - Toilet facilities
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.34. Overall accuracy - Bathing facilities
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.35. Overall accuracy - Type of heating
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.36. Overall accuracy - Type of building
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.1.37. Overall accuracy - Period of construction
There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic
13.2. Sampling error
13.3. Non-sampling error
15.1. Comparability - geographical
There are no definition or practice which could impair the EU-wide comparability of the data.
15.2. Comparability - over time
15.3. Coherence - cross domain
Figures provided by the National Statistical Institutes in the framework of the 2011 Population and Housing Census may differ from those transmitted in other statistical domains due to the cross domain differences in definitions and methodologies used. For additional information please see metadata specific to each domain.
15.4. Coherence - internal
Internal coherence is assured by regulations defining breakdowns and definitions of topics (Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009, Regulation (EU) No 519/2010, Regulation (EU) No 1151/2010)
Initial calculations indicated that Population and Housing Census would require EUR 15,5 million (10,7 million Ls), including all development works, purchase of equipment, software development, organisation of the advertising campaign, acquisition of the information on population and dwellings included in the programme with the help of laptop computers, as well as data processing, arrangement and publication.
Considering the difficult situation in the country, the expenditure was revised and reduced, in the same time deciding that Population and Housing Census may be carried out covering only the most significant issues in the Census programme. The total planned budget of the Population and Housing Census from 2007 till 2013 comprised EUR 8,1 million (5,7 million Ls).
The amount for Population and Housing Census in Latvia was EUR 3,7 (2,6 Ls) per capita.
17.1. Data revision - policy
17.2. Data revision - practice
Final results of the Population and Housing Census 2011 will not be revised.
Prior CSB published Provisional results of the Population and Housing Census 2011, while after publication of final results this information becomes obsolete.
18.1. Source data
18.1.1. List of data sources
18.1.1.1. List of data sources - data on persons
- CSB questionnaire No TS 2011-person "Population and Housing Census 2011. Person Questionnaire"
- Data of the Population Register of the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs
- Pupil database of the Ministry of Education and Science
- Register on unemployed persons of the State Employment Agency
- Data of the cities under state jurisdiction and countries from social aid and services administration databases
- State Revenue Service data on taxpayers and self-employed persons
- State Health Service information on recipients of medical services paid by State
- Latvian Council of Science data on doctorate holders
- State Social Insurance Agency information on retired persons and recipients of social services
- State Address Register
18.1.1.2. List of data sources - data on households
- CSB questionnaire No TS 2011-person "Population and Housing Census 2011. Person Questionnaire"
- Data of the Population Register of the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs
18.1.1.3. List of data sources - data on family nuclei
- CSB questionnaire No TS 2011-person "Population and Housing Census 2011. Person Questionnaire"
- Data of the Population Register of the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs
18.1.1.4. List of data sources - data on conventional dwellings
- CSB questionnaire No TS 2011-housing "Population and Housing Census 2011. Housing Questionnaire"
- State Land Service Real Estate State Cadastre Information System
- State Address Register
18.1.1.5. List of data sources - data on living quarters
- CSB questionnaire No TS 2011-housing "Population and Housing Census 2011. Housing Questionnaire"
- State Land Service Real Estate State Cadastre Information System
- State Address Register
18.1.2. Classification of data sources
18.1.2.1. Classification of data sources - data on persons
05.Combination of register-based censuses and conventional censuses18.1.2.2. Classification of data sources - data on households
05.Combination of register-based censuses and conventional censuses18.1.2.3. Classification of data sources - data on family nuclei
05.Combination of register-based censuses and conventional censuses18.1.2.4. Classification of data sources - data on conventional dwellings
05.Combination of register-based censuses and conventional censuses18.1.2.5. Classification of data sources - data on living quarters
05.Combination of register-based censuses and conventional censuses18.2. Frequency of data collection
Data on population and housing censuses are collected every decade, in a reference year that falls during the beginning of every decade
18.3. Data collection
CES recommendations and Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 were taken into account when basic topics, harmonized definitions and classifications were approved for Person questionnaire and Dwelling questionnaire (added in annex).
CSB conducted a cognitive and expert testing for both questionnaires. CSB Integrated Statistical Data Management System (ISDMS) was improved and the electronic questionnaires were worked out. ISDMS allowed storage of information on laptops, also the data transmission was encrypted to protect individual data on persons. To ensure successful development and progress of the Census, to verify the methodological and technological solutions in practice the a Pilot Population and Housing Census (PHC) was carried out in September/October 2010.
Advertising campaign of the PHC was integrated and covered advertisements in television, radio, on the Internet and in press, as well as outdoor advertisement and activities of the public relations. It was possible to receive answers on various questions on the Census, by calling to the informative CSB telephone, sending e-mails and visiting website dedicated to the Census.
The first stage of the PHC took part from 1st till 12th March, 2011. Residents filled the questionnaires on the Internet, authorising with the identity code and passport number (stopped on 3rd March to ensure the safety of personal data), Internet bank ID of five banks or e-signature. Census data was acquired on 32% of the total population.
The second stage of the PHC took place from March 17th till May 31st, when interviewers visited residents at their homes. The acquired data were sent to the CSB on regular basis, using possibilities of the wireless Internet. Census data was acquired on 59% of the total population.
Considering the high interest of the population and willingness to fill in the questionnaires on the Internet, the third stage of the PHC was organized from 1st to 10th June, in which residents, which did not take part in the first and second stage of the Census, had an opportunity to fill in the Census questionnaires on the Internet.
Due to non-response, unmet respondents or enumerators’ mistakes etc., during the Census it was not possible to obtain information on all persons. In order to find out if the persons not surveyed can be considered as the resident population of the Republic of Latvia on the Census, a special criteria was worked out on base of the state administrative registers. Census data was acquired on 9% of the total population.
Annexes:
Person and Dwelling questionnaires
18.4. Data validation
CSB Integrated Statistical Data Management System (ISDMS) was used for the starting data logical and arithmetical inspection accordingly algorithms of validation. Questionnaires with main indicators filled online were tested for logical and arithmetical correctness.
Further verification included:
- Testing on Person questionnaires – whether there is more than one filled questionnaire for person. More than once filled questionnaires were eliminated by using identity code. Following this information, it was decided which Person questionnaire should be in the starting base.
- The State Land Service Real Estate State Cadastre Information System and State Address Register were used to concretize given address by persons. The data base was updated with of changes of address records so that it would be possible to make summary by territorial units.
- Data from Pupil database of the Ministry of Education and Science, Latvian Council of Science data on doctorate holders, vocational education institutions and universities were used to check highest level of education successfully completed.
- Register on unemployed persons of the State Employment Agency, State Revenue Service data on taxpayers and self-employed persons and State Health Service information on recipients of medical services paid by State data were used to clarify indicators concerning employment status.
- To update information on nationality and country of citizenship, the data of the Population Register of the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs were used.
- Testing programme on data coding was developed to concretize information on occupation
- Data from State Revenue Service data on taxpayers and self-employed persons and CSB register of enterprises were used to check information on industry in which person works. Further the compliance of occupation and industry was checked.
18.5. Data compilation
Individual initial data collected in all three stages of the Population and Housing Census 2011 were linked in accordance with laws and regulations on the Census programme, classifications, international recommendations and needs of national data users.
Addresses of place of usual residence and location of place of work were combined in accordance with Classification of Administrative Territories and Territorial Units of the Republic of Latvia (CATTU) and Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).
Topic age was aggregated in age groups accordingly Commission Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009 and needs of national data users.
Occupations were merged in groups accordingly Classification of Occupations and The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08).
Industries of main jobs of residents were grouped accordingly Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in European Union (NACE Rev. 2).
Residents by statuss of economic activity were divided in ecomically active and not economically active accordingly International Labour Organization (ILO) recommendations.
Residents by working age were defined accordingly legislation of Latvia.
Data on relationship of family members from answers in the questionnaire (legal marital status, sex, age, relationship to the reference person, family matrix) were aggregated accordingly Commission Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009 requirements and family status and size, household status, type of family nucleus were defined.
Housing units were grouped by useful floor space, number of occupants, utilities, density standard, dwellings by period of construction accordingly Commission Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009 requirements.
For uncollected indicators in Housing and Population Census 2011 – occupation, industry and education imputation or replacing of missing item with substituted value was used. The method for item imputation was nearest neighbor imputation method. Total amount of imputed items was 18 249 (1.86%) items for industry, 63 811 (3.32%) items for education and 119 343 (12.18%) items for occupation.
Identity code (issued by government of Latvia) of responding person was used as variable for the record linkage on data concerning persons and address code (assigned by State Address Register) was used for record linkage concerning dwellings.
18.6. Adjustment
Not available.
6 March 2014
The EU programme for the 2011 population and housing censuses include data on persons, private households, family nuclei, conventional dwellings and living quarters
Persons enumerated in the 2011 census are those who were usually resident in the territory of the reporting country at the census reference date. Usual residence means the place where a person normally spends the daily period of rest, regardless of temporary absences for purposes of recreation, holidays, visits to friends and relatives, business, medical treatment or religious pilgrimage
Data are available at different levels of geographical detail: national, NUTS2, NUTS3 and local administrative units (LAU2)
1 March 2011
Counts of statistical units
Individual initial data collected in all three stages of the Population and Housing Census 2011 were linked in accordance with laws and regulations on the Census programme, classifications, international recommendations and needs of national data users.
Addresses of place of usual residence and location of place of work were combined in accordance with Classification of Administrative Territories and Territorial Units of the Republic of Latvia (CATTU) and Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS).
Topic age was aggregated in age groups accordingly Commission Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009 and needs of national data users.
Occupations were merged in groups accordingly Classification of Occupations and The International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08).
Industries of main jobs of residents were grouped accordingly Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in European Union (NACE Rev. 2).
Residents by statuss of economic activity were divided in ecomically active and not economically active accordingly International Labour Organization (ILO) recommendations.
Residents by working age were defined accordingly legislation of Latvia.
Data on relationship of family members from answers in the questionnaire (legal marital status, sex, age, relationship to the reference person, family matrix) were aggregated accordingly Commission Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009 requirements and family status and size, household status, type of family nucleus were defined.
Housing units were grouped by useful floor space, number of occupants, utilities, density standard, dwellings by period of construction accordingly Commission Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009 requirements.
For uncollected indicators in Housing and Population Census 2011 – occupation, industry and education imputation or replacing of missing item with substituted value was used. The method for item imputation was nearest neighbor imputation method. Total amount of imputed items was 18 249 (1.86%) items for industry, 63 811 (3.32%) items for education and 119 343 (12.18%) items for occupation.
Identity code (issued by government of Latvia) of responding person was used as variable for the record linkage on data concerning persons and address code (assigned by State Address Register) was used for record linkage concerning dwellings.
Data on population and housing censuses are disseminated every decade
Data will be transmited till March 31st 2014.
There are no definition or practice which could impair the EU-wide comparability of the data.
