Statistics Estonia

Metadata Department

51Tatari Str.

10134 Tallinn, Estonia

Broad description of the census exercise:

Statistics Estonia disseminated about 300 census tabels about following topics:

1)Living conditions of the population and households;

2)Location, gender and age composition of the population;
3)General data of the population’s economic activity;
4)General data of conventional dwellings;

5)Economic activity of the population;

6)Education of the population. Study migration;

7)Ethnocultural indicators of the population;
8)Secondary  place of residence. Population temporarily staying in Estonia;

9)Demographic indicators of the population;

10)Place of birth. Persons having changed their country of residence;Migration;
11)Population with native background. Duration of residence and former place of residence. Place of residence at the time of the 2000 Population Census;

12)Health of the population;

13)Households and families;

Estonian Classifcation of Economic Activities (EMTAK 2008) based on NACE Rev. 2
Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements (EHAK)
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO 08)
International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 97)
Codes for the Representation of Names of Languages (ISO 639-2)
International Standard Codes for the Representation of the Names of Countries (ISO 3166)

Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements 2010, version 3 (EHAK 2010 v3)

Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements is available on the web site of Statistics Estoniawww.stat.ee/metadata under the heading “Classifications”.

Classification of Estonian administrative units and settlements 2010, version 3 (29.11.2010-23.07.2011) is available under the heading “Old versions”

http://metaweb.stat.ee/classificator_version_list.htm?id=419098&siteLanguage=en

Estonian Classification of Economic Activities (EMTAK 2008) based on NACE Rev. 2

Statistical Classification of Regional Units of Estonia (EPS) based on Nomenclature of Territorial Units of Statistics (NUTS)

According to the NUTS level 3, Estonia is divided as follows:

Population topics covering the following characteristics:geographic,demographic,economic, educational, migration.

Household and Family topics covering:status,type,tenure.

Housing topics covering:housing arrangements, living quarters, ownership,number of occupants, floor space, density standard, amenities, type of building and age off construction.

 Place of residence (usual place of residence) is usually the region or settlement, where a person spends most of his/her daily rest and sleep time. It may differ from the registered place of residence. The place of residence was the place where the person has been living continuously for at least 12 months before the moment of Census or before 31 December 2011, or where he/she came to live before the moment of Census, and where he/she intended to stay for at least one year.

- Persons, who lived away from home due to work for more than 12 months but spent most of their days off with their households, were considered to be residents at the address of their household.

- Pupils of general education schools and secondary vocational education institutions, who resided outside home during their studies, were generally considered to be residents at the address of their household.

- Students of institutions of higher education and post-secondary vocational education residing outside their former homes during their studies were generally considered to have a place of residence at the address at which they lived during the studies, provided that they lived there for the majority of the study period. If the student has his or her own (new) family, his or her place of residence was the residence of his or her family.

- Households (incl. one-member households), who regularly lived at several addresses during a year, were considered to have the place of residence at the address where they spent the majority of the year.

- Persons residing in an institution (children's home, care home, custodial institution, etc.) were considered to be residents of that institution if they had been living in the institution for at least 12 months or more or who would stay there for more than a year.

- Persons in compulsory military or community service generally were considered to have their place of residence at the address where they lived before military service.

- The place of residence of the military and navy staff of the Republic of Estonia, diplomatic staff and their family members who live with them, and who were in a foreign country during the Census, their place of residence is in Estonia.

- If a person does not have a place of permanent residence, the place (dwelling, settlement) where he or she was at the moment of Census should be noted as his or her place of residence.

It was collected according to the special number from personal identification code which is clear indication.

The sex of each person was recorded in the census.There were no cases when information on sex was missing.

Age – person's age has been given in full years as at the moment of Census (31 December 2011). The age of children under 1 year of age is 0 years.

We collected the information on date of birth as well.

Marital status – at least fifteen-year-old persons were distributed by the legal (de jure) marital status as follows:

- Never legally married – a person who has never been legally married.

- Legally married – a person whose marriage is legal and has not terminated due to death of the spouse or divorce. A person can also be legally married if he or she does not live with his or her spouse. Only a marriage between a man and a woman is considered legal in this context.

- Divorced – a person whose (previous) legal marriage terminated due to registration of divorce and who has not entered into a new legal marriage.

- Widowed – a person whose (previous) legal marriage terminated due to death of the spouse and who has not entered into a new legal marriage.

Family nucleus consists of persons living in the same household who are related as husband and wife, as cohabiting partners (incl. same-sex partners) or as parent and child. Family nucleus can be:

-  legally married couple or cohabiting couple without children;

-  legally married couple or cohabiting couple with children;

-  lone parent with child(ren).

Family nucleus cannot consist of more than two successive generations. If the household comprises three (or more) generations with parental relationship between them (child, his/her mother and grandmother) the family nucleus is formed of the two youngest generations.
Child (son/daughter) -person (regardless of age and legal marital status) was considered to be a child belonging to the same family nucleus as his/her parents (parent) if he/she had not a spouse or cohabitant and own child(ren) in the same household. Both biological and adopted children were recorded as children, but not foster children.
Consensual union – two persons are living in a consensual union when they live in the same household (same dwelling) and in their opinion have a marriage-like relationship, but are not legally married. Cohabitants may also be of the same sexes.

Private household – a group of people usually living in a common dwelling, who share available household facilities (common budget and food); a person living alone is also a household.

Institutional household - household consisting of persons who lived in an institution that operates 24 hours a day throughout the year and provides maintenance for persons living there – accommodation, food and, if necessary, care and treatment (e.g. substitute home, care home). The affiliation and funding sources of the institution are irrelevant. Persons residing in an institution were considered to be residents of that institution if they had been living in the institution for at least 12 months or more, or who would stay there for more than a year.

Primary homeless person – person who did not have a place of residence (dwelling) at the moment of census, i.e., the person slept in random cellars, staircases, boiler rooms, abandoned buildings, etc. This also includes persons who stay overnight in shelters for the homeless that do not provide 24-hour accommodation. Homeless is not a person who lived for a longer period in a room, which was not designed for habitation or in a shelter that permits 24-hour stay.

 See also “family status”.

Employed – a person aged 15 years and older who during the week preceding the Census (19–25 December 2011)

- performed at least one hour of remunerated work as an employee, employer or a freelancer;

- worked without direct payment in a family enterprise or farm owned by his/her family;

- was temporarily absent from work due to leave, illness, etc;

- was in compulsory military or community service (conscript).

If actual working did not coincide with the formal work relationship, the actual working was taken into account.

Unemployed – a person aged 15 years and older in the case of whom the following three conditions are fulfilled at the same time during the week preceding the Census (19–25 December 2011):

- he/she was without work (did not work or was not temporarily absent from work);

- he/she had been actively seeking work in December 2011;

- he/she was ready to start working within two weeks.

Unemployed persons who had worked previously were asked to give data about their last main place of work. Previous employment was employment which lasted for at least three months.

Currently not economically active ‑ includes persons aged 15 and older who were not economically active (employed or unemployed) in the week preceding the Census (19–25 December 2011) as well as all children under 15 years.

- Person below the national minimum age for economic activity – each person who is below 15 years of age.

- Retired person (pensioner) – a person who was not economically activeduring the week preceding the Census and who has been granted the old-age pension, survivor's pension, pension for incapacity for work, national pension or any other pension.

- Student – a person aged 15 years and older who was not economically activein the week preceding the Census and who was acquiring general, vocational or specialized education at a general education school, a vocational educational institution or an institution of higher education.

- Homemaker – persons on parental leave and other persons who were not economically active in the week preceding the Census and were, for the most part of this week, engaged in unpaid housework and/or took care of children or other family members (e.g. housewives).

- Other inactive person – a person who was not economically activein the week preceding the Census and who was not included in any of the aforementioned group.

Occupation – in case of an employed person his/her occupation at his/her main place of work was recorded during the period of 19–25 December 2011, in case of an unemployed person his/her occupation at his/her last main place of work was recorded.

 Main place of work – the place of work where a person worked for most of the time. The time actually worked was taken into account, not the working time fixed with the contract of employment. If the respondent was unable to state the main place of work on the basis of hours, wages and prestige should be the next criteria to be considered.

Industry (branch of economic activity) ‑ in case of an employed person the economic activity of the main place of work was recorded during the period of 19–25 December 2011, in case of an unemployed person the economic activity of the last main place of work was recorded (see “main place of work”). If the person worked in the subordinate unit having a different area of activity from the main activity of the employer, the activity of the subordinate unit is recorded. Subordinate unit is a unit in the structure of a company/institution, but having different area of activity or address compared to the main office.

Main place of work – the place of work where a person worked for most of the time. The time actually worked was taken into account, not the working time fixed with the contract of employment. If the respondent was unable to state the main place of work on the basis of hours, wages and prestige should be the next criteria to be considered.

Status in employment ‑ in case of an employed person his/her status at his/her main place of work was recorded during the period of 19–25 December 2011, in case of an unemployed person his/her status at his/her last main place of work was recorded. If the person has several statuses at the main place of work, the status with higher income was noted.

- Employee – a person who was employed in full-time or part-time work for the benefit of an institution, company or another employer and who receives remuneration in money or in kind. It was irrelevant whether the place of work has been officially registered or not. Salaried employees include officers and non-commissioned officers.

- Employer – an owner of an enterprise, workshop, shop, office or a similar establishment, also a farmer with at least one permanent salaried employee.

- Own-account worker – here are included:

- self-employed person – a person who was engaged in selling of his/her work product (service or commodity) and who owned the necessary means of production and did not use any permanent salaried employees (but might have used salaried employees occasionally);

- farmer without employees – person who runs a farm without any permanent salaried employees (but may use salaried employees occasionally);

- freelancer – a person who was not employed by anyone and was active in a field of art (e.g., artists, writers, etc.), without having a separate enterprise (rooms, land, equipment, etc.). Salaried employees who earn income from occasional work were not considered freelancers.

- Other employed person – here are included:

- unpaid worker in a family enterprise or a farm– a person who worked in an enterprise or farm of his or her family without receiving a salary as such and who in return received a part of the income or benefits of the enterprise or farm, including income in kind. This category does not include voluntary work. A person belonged to this group, if he/she lived in the same household as the owner of the enterprise or farm;

- a member of a commercial association– a member in an association, which had the objective, according to the articles of association, to earn material income and to distribute it between members. A person who worked for the commercial association and received remuneration for this work is not a member of commercial association. He or she is a salaried employee.

Location of place of work ‑ the place (region) where a person actually worked at his/her main place of work during the week preceding the Census (19–25 December 2011). This may differ from the location of the main office of the workplace.

Educational attainment – the educational attainment of persons is determined by the highest completed study programme in the formal education system (i.e. in institutions of general, vocational or higher education). Incomplete education does not raise the level of education. The level of education received in a foreign country was determined in the same manner as the level of education acquired in Estonia.

Locality is defined as a group of buildings to which a locally recognised place name is uniquely attached. To compose localities LAU 2 regions were used. 

Place of birth – a place (country, administrative unit) where the person’s mother was a (permanent) resident at the time of the person’s birth. For persons who were born abroad, the name of the country was recorded according to the state border valid at the time of the Census.

Citizenship – the country, a person is a citizen of. If the person has several citizenships, it was possible to record only one, whereas the priority was Estonian citizenship and the second preference was the citizenship of some other European Union country. “Recognised non-citizen” was recorded if the person had been issued an Estonian alien's passport (the so-called ‘grey passport’).

For children, who had not yet been issued the identity document, the citizenship acquired by birth was recorded. The child was considered an Estonian citizen if at least one of his/her parents was an Estonian citizen at the time of the birth of the child (if the father had died before that, then at the time of the death of the father). If a child has acquired two citizenships by birth, record only one, based on the selection criteria above. If a child is an Estonian resident but has not acquired Estonian or foreign citizenship by birth, record the answer “recognised non-citizen”.

Year of arrival in the country– the year when the person permanently settled in Estonia. If the person had settled in Estonia on more than one occasion, the most recent year of settling was noted.

The Estonian Census collected information on the topic “previous place of usual residence and year of arrival in the current place of residence”. For all persons that had changed their usual residence more than once within the year prior to the reference date, the place of usual residence from which they had moved to their current place of usual residence was recorded.

Conventional dwelling – apartment, one-family dwelling, separate part of the family dwelling, a box of a terraced or semi-detached house.

Other housing unit ‑ this includes rooms, which have not been designed for all-year-round habitation, but served as the place of usual residence for at least one person at the moment of Census. This includes, for instance, summer cottages, which are not suitable for all-year-round habitation, offices, mobile homes (warming rooms), caravans, boats or other rooms adapted for temporary habitation and used by a person over a longer period of time.

Collective living quarters – this includes rooms in a hostel or in an accommodation establishment, social welfare institutions providing temporary accommodation (e.g. shelter, social housing unit) and institutions providing permanent accommodation (e.g. children’s home, youth home, care home, custodial institution, monastery, etc.).

Homeless (primary homeless person) – person who did not have a place of residence (dwelling) at the moment of census, i.e., the person slept in random cellars, staircases, boiler rooms, abandoned buildings, etc. This also includes persons who stay overnight in shelters for the homeless that do not provide 24-hour accommodation. Homeless is not a person who lived for a longer period in a room, which was not designed for habitation or in a shelter that permits 24-hour stay.

Family nucleus consists of persons living in the same household who are related as husband and wife, as cohabiting partners (incl. same-sex partners) or as parent and child. Family nucleus can be:

-  legally married couple or cohabiting couple without children;

-  legally married couple or cohabiting couple with children;

-  lone parent with child(ren).

Family nucleus cannot consist of more than two successive generations. If the household comprises three (or more) generations with parental relationship between them (child, his/her mother and grandmother) the family nucleus is formed of the two youngest generations.
Child (son/daughter) - person (regardless of age and legal marital status) was considered to be a child belonging to the same family nucleus as his/her parents (parent) if he/she had not a spouse or cohabitant and own child(ren) in the same household. Both biological and adopted children were recorded as children, but not foster children.
Consensual union – two persons are living in a consensual union when they live in the same household (same dwelling) and in their opinion have a marriage-like relationship, but are not legally married. Cohabitants may also be of the same sexes.

Family nucleus consists of persons living in the same household who are related as husband and wife, as cohabiting partners (incl. same-sex partners) or as parent and child. Family nucleus can be:

-  legally married couple or cohabiting couple without children;

-  legally married couple or cohabiting couple with children;

-  lone parent with child(ren).

Family nucleus cannot consist of more than two successive generations. If the household comprises three (or more) generations with parental relationship between them (child, his/her mother and grandmother) the family nucleus is formed of the two youngest generations.

Private household – a group of people usually living in a common dwelling, who share available household facilities (common budget and food); a person living alone is also a household.

Private households were distributed by structure into three groups – non-family households, one-family households and two-or-more-family households.

-  Non-family household – household which does not comprise a family nucleus (e.g. one-person household; household with grandparent and grandchild).

-  One-family household – household which comprises one family nucleus and which may also include persons who do not belong to the family nucleus.

Two-or-more-family household – household which comprises two or more family nuclei and which may also include persons

-  who do not belong to the family nucleus.

See also “family status”.

Private household – a group of people usually living in a common dwelling, who share available household facilities (common budget and food); a person living alone is also a household.

Tenure status of household – households were distributed by the tenure status as follows:

-  Owner - at least one member of the household is the owner or co-owner of the housing unit. This includes members of an apartment association.

-  Tenant - the household has a tenancy contract or a subletting contract for this housing unit or has an oral agreement with the owner for renting the housing unit. This option was noted only if, in addition to utility costs, the household also pays rent to the owner for use of the housing unit.

Other form of tenure - no member of the household is the owner of the housing unit and the household does not pay rent to the owner for use of the housing unit (but may pay for utilities).

Conventional dwelling – apartment, one-family dwelling, separate part of the family dwelling, a box of a terraced or semi-detached house.

Occupied conventional dwelling ‑ dwelling which was the place of usual residence for at least one person at the moment of Census.

Other housing unit ‑ this includes rooms, which have not been designed for all-year-round habitation, but served as the place of usual residence for at least one person at the moment of Census. This includes, for instance, summer cottages, which are not suitable for all-year-round habitation, offices, mobile homes (warming rooms), caravans, boats or other rooms adapted for temporary habitation and used by a person over a longer period of time.

Collective living quarters – this includes rooms in a hostel, in an accommodation establishment and in a social welfare institution providing temporary accommodation (e.g. shelter, social housing unit). This does not include rooms in institutions providing permanent accommodation (e.g. children’s home, youth home, care home, custodial institution, monastery, etc.), because the number of these rooms was not fixed in the Census.

Occupied conventional dwelling ‑ dwelling which was the place of usual residence for at least one person at the moment of Census.

Unoccupied conventional dwelling ‑ dwelling which was not a place of usual residence of any person at the moment of Census (but temporary residents might have stayed there).

Owner-occupied dwelling ‑ at least one member of the household is the owner or co-owner of the dwelling. This includes members of an apartment association.

Rented dwelling ‑ the household has a tenancy contract or a subletting contract for this dwelling or has an oral agreement with the owner for renting the dwelling. This option was noted only if, in addition to utility costs, the household also pays rent to the owner for use of the dwelling.

Dwelling in other type of ownership ‑ no member of the household is the owner of the dwelling and the household does not pay rent to the owner for use of the dwelling (but may pay for utilities).

The number of occupants of a housing unit is the number of people for whom the housing unit is the usual residence.

Useful floor space – the total floor area of all rooms and auxiliary premises (kitchen, vestibule, cloakroom, hallway, toilet room, sauna that is within the dwelling, pantry, interstice, bathroom, storeroom, porch, integrated wall closets).

The area of the dwelling does not include cellars, garages (incl. in private houses), boiler rooms, attics (if they are not suitable for permanent habitation) and common rooms (such as stairways, corridors, saunas, etc.) in buildings with multiple dwellings. Open areas (loggias, balconies and terraces) are not included in the area of the dwelling. However, if such areas have been closed in and insulated, they should be added to the total area of the dwelling.

If a household lived permanently in an uncompleted residential building, the area of the finished part of the house should be recorded.

A room was defined as a space in a housing unit enclosed by walls reaching from the floor to the ceiling or roof covering.Normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, habitable cellars and attics, servants rooms, kitchens and separete spaces used or intended for habitation all count as room.A kitchenette, verandas, utility rooms and lobbies did not counted as rooms.

Density standard (floor space) – useful floor space in square metres divided by the number of occupants in a housing unit. The housing units the area of which was known and the persons living in these housing units were taken into account while calculating this indicator.

Overcrowing indicators calculated using a cross-tabulation of the number of occupants in housing units and the housing units classified by number of rooms.

Piped water in the housing unit – piped water supply is available if cold water is supplied to the housing unit through pipes and a water tap is used.

Flush toilet in the housing unit - the housing unit has a flush toilet which is connected to the water supply and sewerage system (incl. a septic tank).

Fixed bath or shower in the housing unit – the housing unit includes a bath or shower that is connected to the water supply and sewerage system (incl. a septic tank).

Central heating – includes both distant central heating and local central heating. It does not include cases where heating is supplied by stationary electrical heaters. The housing unit was considered to have central heating if it was the main (predominantly used) heating option in that housing unit.

Residential building – a building where 50% or more of the usable area is used for habitation.

Non-residential building with dwelling(s) – a building where less than half of the usable area is used for habitation. This category includes, for instance, office buildings, shops, schools and other buildings with at least one dwelling (apartment).

Period of construction ‑ the period when the house was officially approved (commissioned for use). If the construction of the house had been completed but a permit for use had not yet been issued, the time when it was first occupied was noted. If the house had been reconstructed, extended, etc., the year of initial commissioning of the house was noted (except if the house had been completely destroyed and had been restored later).

The EU programme for the 2011 population and housing censuses include data on persons, private households, family nuclei, conventional dwellings and living quarters;

Agricultural small unit

Persons enumerated in the 2011 census are those who were usually resident in the territory of the reporting country at the census reference date.

Usual resident population of Estonia.Conventional dwellings and other living quarters located in Estonia.

Data are available at different levels of geographical detail: national, NUTS1 NUTS2, NUTS3 and local administrative units (LAU2)

Data refer to the situation 31.12.2011.

Not applicable

Data are expressed in absolute numbers.

 EU legislation,Official Statistics Act.

Official Statistics Act
Commission Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009 of 30 November 2009 implementing Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on population and housing censuses as regards the technical specifications of the topics and of their breakdowns
Regulation (EC) No 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on population and housing censuses.

Census 2011

The Council of the European Union and the European Parlaiment have adopted in 2008 the Regulation (EC) N. 763/2008 on Population and Housing Census containing the concepts to be used in the census exercises. The methodogical elements of this Regulation acknowledge the Conference of European Statician (CES) Recommendations for 2010 Round of Population and Housing Censuses [ Source: Lanzieri G. (2009), A Framework for the EU Census Quality Reporting and Assessment].

Regulation (EC) N. 763/2008 lists all the topics to be covered in census exercises which are: geographic, demographic, economic and educational characteristics of persons, internatioanal and internal migration characteristics as well as household, family and housing characteristics.

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 34 and § 35 of the Official Statistics Act.

The treatment of confidential data is regulated by the Procedure for Protection of Data Collected and Processed by Statistics Estonia: http://www.stat.ee/dokumendid/19410.

Data are made available 27 months after the end of the reference period (March 2014)

The published data for PHC2011  in Estonia

http://www.stat.ee/avaldamiskalender

All users have been granted an equal access to official statistics: this means that the dissemination dates of official statistics have to be announced in advance and no user category (incl. Eurostat, state authorities and mass media) can have access to the official statistics (results of official statistical surveys) before other users. Statistical information is first published in the Statistical Database. In case a news release is published based on the same data, the information provided in the relevant news release is simultaneously published in the Statistical Database. Official statistics are available on the website at 8.00 a.m. on the date announced in the release calender.

Data on population and housing censuses are disseminated  about every decade

News releases on-line.

Notifications about the dissemination of statistics are published in the release calendar, which is available on the website. On 1 October each year, the release times of the Statistical Database, news releases, main indicators by IMF SDDS and publications are announced in the release calendar (in case of publications – the release month).The news release can be viewed on the website http//www.stat.ee/news-releases.

The release calender for census 2011 output:

1.Rahva ja eluruumide loendus 2011. Ülevaade Eesti maakondade rahvastikust (only in Estonian) (e-publication) http://www.stat.ee/67173

2.Rahva ja eluruumide loendus 2011. Metoodika.Population and Housing Census 2011. Methodology,2014

3.Annual report 2012.(2013).Statistics Estonia,  http://www.stat.ee/annual-report

4.Sillajõe,T.(2012) Implemetation of the web-based data colelection channel e-STAT for economic entities.(Unpublished paper presented at the NTTS conference in Brussels in 2012)

5.UNECE Conference of European Statistics,Seminar on New Frontiers for Statistical Data Collection, Sillajõe, T.(2012), Statistics Estonia on its Way to Improving Efficiency

6.RESULTS OF THE E-CENSUS. D. Beltadze, E.-M. Tiit. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA 2/12. Direct link http://www.stat.ee/65369

7.ABOUT CENSUS QUESTIONNAIRES, E-M. Tiit.QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA 4/2011.Direct link http://www.stat.ee/49278

8.ENUMERATORS’ ACTIVITY AFTER THE CENSUS. E.-M. Tiit, M. Vähi. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA 2/12.Direct link http://www.stat.ee/65369

9.ASSESSMENT OF THE TARGET POPULATION OF THE CENSUS. E.-M. Tiit, K. Meres, M. Vähi. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA 3/12.Direct link http://www.stat.ee/65371

10.THE SIZE, STRUCTURE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION OF ESTONIA BASED ON THE 2011 CENSUS. D. Beltadze. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA 4/12. Direct link http://www.stat.ee/65375

11.ASSESSMENT OF UNDER-COVERAGE IN THE 2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS E.-M. Tiit.  QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF STATISTICS ESTONIA 4/12. Direct link http://www.stat.ee/65375

12."Census Snapshots" Tallinn, 2013; ISBN 978-9985-74-535-9,Direct link http://www.stat.ee/65398

13.Ene-Margit Tiit “Eesti rahvastik.Viis põlvkonda ja kümme loendust” Tallinn,2011;ISBN978-9985-74-522-9

Data are published under the heading „Population and Housing Census” in the Statistical Database in http://pub.stat.ee.

The dissemination of data collected for the purpose of producing official statistics is guided by the requirements provided for in § 34, § 35, § 36, § 37, § 38 of the Official Statistics Act. Access to micro-data and anonymisation of micro-data are regulated by Statistics Estonia’s „Procedure for dissemination of confidential data for scientific purposes”: http://www.stat.ee/dokumendid/51669.

1.Statistics map application http://www.stat.ee/76493

2.Census statistics on smart device.

3.Census overviews in portal of statistics : http://www.stat.ee/pp-lingid

4.Thematic map about population density in Estonia according census data http://www.stat.ee/dokumendid/67844

Census Manual ja lisaks nn Eurosoovitused:

Conference of European Statisticians Recommedations for the 2010 Censuses of Population and Housing. United Nations (with the Eurostat; New York and Geneva, 2006)
http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/stats/documents/ece/ces/ge.41/2006/zip.1.e.pdf

Combination of data sources. Previously created data sources, i.e., registers are used in censuses alongside with face-to-face interviews. In PHC 2011, registers were used in three ways: as a tool for preparing the census (preparation of work lists and census sheets), pre-filling of questionnaires, and supplementation of census results in case of missing data. The information on the studies of enumerated permanent residents was taken from EHIS and was not included in questionnaires.

Combined survey methodology.Unlike previous Estonian censuses, self-completed questionnaires were used in 2011 as a method alongside interviews. This required compilation of extensive instructions and provision of comprehensive guidance and training to the persons enumerated, as well as the enumerators. 

Combined data collection methodology. The data of persons covered by the census – the answers to the census questions – were entered on these paper by enumerators, using a writing instrument.

Two new technologies were used in PHC 2011: self-completion of questionnaires on the internet and entry of answers directly in laptop computers during census interviews. The option of using paper questionnaires was kept as a backup for emergency situations. The possibility of telephone interviews was also foreseen for particularly exceptional circumstances, especially in cases when there was a need to specify the answers to a questionnaire or a census location was extremely difficult to access (e.g., on a small island).

Census Manual,

To assure the quality of processes and products, Statistics Estonia applies the EFQM Excellence Model, EU Statistics Code of Practice and the ESS Quality Assurance Framework (QAF). Statistics Estonia is also guided by the requirements provided for in § 7. „Principles and quality criteria of producing official statistics” of the Official Statistics Act.

2011 Census

Relevant quality information by country can be found in the document "Rahva ja eluruumide loendus 2011. Metoodika.Population and Housing Census 2011. Methodology"

Evaluation of coverage of the PHC 2011 at national level.

More than 6 registers were used to estimate the size of the target population, based on a person’s activity in the corresponding registers in 2011. The estimate was constructed with the method of discriminate analysis, using both linear and logistical approaches. The estimate error rate, indicating the level of accuracy of the estimate, was 4.5%. The calculated estimate of the target population indicated an under coverage of the census by 2.3%.

In order to assess the census quality, we performed a comparative analysis of data in 6 registers using two methods. For more information, please see the following:

1)Tiit, E-M., Meres, K., Vähi, M. (2012). Assessment of the target population of the census. – Eesti Statistika Kvartalikiri. Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics Estonia, nr 3, lk 79–108. Tallinn: Statistikaamet.

2) Tiit, E.-M. (2012) Assessment of under-coverage in the 2011 Population and Housing Census. – Eesti Statistika Kvartalikiri. Quarterly Bulletin of Statistics Estonia, nr 4, lk 110–119. Tallinn: Statistikaamet.

Several separate activities are used for the collection of raw data or pre-compiled administrative data and statistics related to R&D. For simplicity we call them surveys irrespective of whether they are sample surveys, censuses, collections of administrative data/ pre-compiled statistics. This section presents the names of the surveys by sector of performance as well as methodological information for each survey. Depending on the type of survey and sector of performance, only the sections corresponding to that survey and sector are filled in.

20.1.1. Surveys which contribute to R&D statistics, by sector.
Please provide survey name

20.1.2. BES

20.1.2.1. General information about surveys contributing to R&D statistics - BES

20.1.2.2. Sample/census survey information - BES

The following tables are to be filled in when sample survey is used as source of the data

Survey design information

If the survey is a multi-stage sample one, this section's information must be given for each stage separately

20.1.2.3. Information on collection of administrative data or of pre-compiled statistics - BES

The following tables are to be filled in when administrative data or pre-compiled statistics are used

20.1.3. GOV

20.1.3.1. General information about surveys contributing to R&D statistics - GOV

20.1.3.2. Sample/census survey information - GOV

The following tables are to be filled in when sample survey is used as source of the data

Survey design information

If the survey is a multi-stage sample one, this section's information must be given for each stage separately

20.1.3.3. Information on collection of administrative data or of pre-compiled statistics - GOV

The following tables are to be filled in when administrative data or pre-compiled statistics are used

20.1.4. HES

20.1.4.1. General information about surveys contributing to R&D statistics - HES

20.1.4.2. Sample/census survey information - HES

The following tables are to be filled in when sample survey is used as source of the data

Survey design information

If the survey is a multi-stage sample one, this section's information must be given for each stage separately

20.1.4.3. Information on collection of administrative data or of pre-compiled statistics - HES

The following tables are to be filled in when administrative data or pre-compiled statistics are used

20.1.5. PNP

20.1.5.1. General information about surveys contributing to R&D statistics - PNP

20.1.5.2. Sample/census survey information - PNP

The following tables are to be filled in when sample survey is used as source of the data

Survey design information

If the survey is a multi-stage sample one, this section's information must be given for each stage separately

20.1.5.3. Information on collection of administrative data or of pre-compiled statistics - PNP

The following tables are to be filled in when administrative data or pre-compiled statistics are used

These historical census data are intended to provide statistics users with information on the evolution of the main characteristics of population and dwellings from 2000 to 2011.

Only a limited range of tables were selected in order to provide a user-friendly set of data adapted to the major interest of potential users.

The focus of these tables is on presenting a historical data series.

 The completeness of the data varies between census rounds.

There were cases where people entered the registered place of residence instead of the actual place of residence. This also applied to students who sometimes entered the address of their parental home instead of the address where they live during their studies.

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

 There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

A comparison with the state register showed that there were some inaccuracies when specifying the subcategory of vocational education. The difference between census data and the register was the biggest in case of levels 4B and 5B (ISCED 97 classification); smaller differences were registered in case of levels 3B, 3A and 4B. Otherwise, the reliability of the census data is (very) high.

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There were cases where respondents entered the place of birth given on the birth certificate, which in many cases refers to the hospital’s location, not to the mother’s place of residence at the time of childbirth.

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

There are no particular reasons for data unreliability for this topic

Not applicable

The preliminary list of persons and their places of residence for the census was prepared on the basis of the Estonian Population Register (RR). About 20% of Estonia’s residents do not actually live at the registered place of residence, which may have caused under-coverage in the census. The estimated under-coverage was 2.3% of the number of persons subject to enumeration.

Not all the checks in the electronic questionnaire could be implemented. As a result, the data on migration contained contradictions and reduced data quality.During data collection, the application did not sometimes work properly. This concerns especially the entry and saving of family relations – this may have caused some loss of accuracy.Many measures were taken to guarantee quality:

1)      The user-friendliness of the questionnaire was monitored and tested. All questionnaires were available in three languages (Estonian, Russian, English). The printed questionnaire also had a Finnish version.

2)      Cognitive testing was used for some questions, in order to see whether the questions were correctly understood.

3)      Detailed instructions were added to the questionnaires.

4)      Logic checks were used both during the questionnaire completion and during the latter stages of data processing.

5)      The checks prevented respondents from simply skipping questions.

6)      The enumerators received thorough manuals. There was a 5-day training course.

7)      During the census, there was a support service for enumerators and for residents who completed the questionnaire online.

8)      There was a major awareness campaign to inform people and encourage everyone to participate in the census.

Timeliness and punctuality is ensured by compliance with the established publication calendar (this has been so far fully complied with).

The general release schedule of census results has been established internationally. The preliminary results were published according to the schedule: two months after the end of the census (31 May 2012). The results were published gradually (18 releases) according to the published calendar (see table below). Each data release was accompanied by a news release and usually by a press conference where speakers presented and interpreted the data in new tables added to the database. In total, 310 tables were added to the database (each containing 4–5 variables, on average, and more in some cases). The last tables were published in the public database (http://pub.stat.ee/px-web.2001/Database/Rahvaloendus/databasetree.asp) 19 months after the end of the census (October 2013).

Comparability is ensured by full compliance with Eurostat regulations. There are no customs or circumstances, which would restrict comparability of data.

Figures provided by the National Statistical Institutes in the framework of the 2011 Population and Housing Census may differ from those transmitted in other statistical domains due to the cross domain differences in definitions and methodologies used.  For additional information please see metadata specific to each domain.

All the data of the population and housing census can be used extensively for a wide range of purposes. The data have been presented to the members of the Estonian Parliament, to the President of Estonia, to the representatives of ministries and universities, to various non-governmental organisations and other stakeholders. Demographic issues are high on the public agenda, boosted by the use of census data for argumentation in both oral and printed discussions. 

Internal coherence is assured by regulations defining breakdowns and definitions of topics (Regulation (EC) No 1201/2009, Regulation (EU) No 519/2010, Regulation (EU) No 1151/2010)

Results are presented on a per-capita basis, it is 10,28  euro per capita.Total cost: 13 619742 euros.Costs related to the period 2008-2014.

Clearly decisions have been made to invest in technology so as to gain benefits  in terms of quality and to reduce the  response burden.

Two new technologies were introduced in PHC 2011: self-completion of questionnaires on the internet and entry of answers directly in laptop computers during census interviews reduced   enumeration costs over than 2,5 miljon euros.

Data revision policy is described under item 2.3 of the Dissemination Policy of Statistics Estonia. Notification of corrections: http://www.stat.ee/dissemination-policy.

The initial census indicators – population figures per counties – were published barely two months after the end of the census, in May 2012. These initial data were later corrected, but the correction was small: the number of permanent residents increased by less than 0.02% compared with the initial figures. Subsequently, there have been regular data updates according to the envisaged schedule.

1)      Questionnaire based data (full enumeration)

2)      Database of the 2000 Population and Housing Census

3)      Population Register

4)      Estonian Education information System

5)      Database of the Ministry of Defence

1)      Questionnaire based data (full enumeration)

2)      Population Register

3)      Database of the 2000 Population and Housing Census

1)      Questionnaire based data (full enumeration)

2)      Population Register

3)      Database of the 2000 Population and Housing Census

1)      Questionnaire based data (full enumeration)

2)      Register of Construction Works

1)      Questionnaire based data (full enumeration)

2)      Register of Construction Works

Data on population and housing censuses are collected every decade, in a reference year that falls during the beginning of every decade

Census time was 31.12.2011-31.03.2012

 The data were collected using Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI), Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI).

The e-census started on 31.12.11 .The data cleansing started as soon as the e-census was opened.  During 2.02.2012-20.02.12 took place encoding and specification of addresses;the processing of duplicates; initial checking and identification of questionnaires received during e-census.

The census interviews started on 20 February 2012 and lasted, as scheduled, ntil 31 March 2012, i.e., a total of 41 days, including one public holiday. The interviews were coordinated and managed in a hierarchical system: the country was divided in three regions, which were further divided in 15 districts and 132 supervision areas. There were 2,000 enumeration areas, usually with one enumerator per area. The enumerators were free to choose their own working hours, but they had to adhere to certain limits or criteria to ensure completion of the work within schedule. Adherence to these criteria was monitored by supervision area and enumeration area supervisors in a monitoring system and the corresponding information was also sent to the PHC command centre in Statistics Estonia. General work procedures established that enumerators could visit homes on a daily basis from 8:00 to 21:00 (incl. on weekends) and compliance with this procedure was monitored. The main issue was establishing contact with persons who were not particularly cooperative. For that purpose, enumerators left letters or messages in mailboxes or at the door and used telephones or the assistance of neighbours, if possible. At the end of each working day, enumerators had to send the (encrypted) information collected during that day to the raw PHC database in Statistics Estonia.

Arithmetic and qualitative checks were used for validation, incl. comparison with administrative data sources. Internal consistency was checked before dissemination.

Data validation was carried out in two stages. The first stage of validation took place during data collection: logic checks were used during the completion of electronic questionnaires (CAPI, CAWI) in order to identify and prevent any inconsistent answers. These checks also ensured that respondents did not skip questions for no reason. The hard checks asked respondents to correct erroneous answers; the soft checks singled out unlikely answers and asked respondents to check their answer once more. After the end of data collection, an even bigger number of logic checks were used for data validation to identify inconsistencies within questionnaires as well as inconsistencies between separate questionnaires (e.g. when there were several questionnaires concerning the same dwelling, but the questionnaires specified a different size and a different number of rooms for that dwelling).

 During data processing, Statistics Estonia checked the consistency of the data on education by comparing the census data with the data of EHIS (Estonian Education Information System) and the data of the previous census. The following data were compared with the data of the Population Register: the relations between household members, citizenship, and country of birth. The data on dwellings (e.g. year of construction, area, number of rooms) were checked based on the data in the Register of Construction Works. If any inconsistencies were detected, the census data were corrected automatically (in specific cases) based on the data in the aforementioned sources, according to pre-defined rules. Also, the operators used the data from supplementary sources to manually resolve inconsistencies. For example, if there were inconsistencies in the section concerning migration, the operator referred to the data of the 2000 census. To allow the comparison of data, the personal records were linked using personal ID codes and dwelling data were linked using the building ID (Statistics Estonia’s internal building identifier) and the apartment number.

 With the chosen data collection methodology, it was possible to collect several records on the census objects (persons, dwellings) – there were several records (duplicates) for an object in the database. During data processing, the duplicate records were removed and the data from duplicates were combined, if necessary. The duplicates were found using personal ID codes (in case of persons) or detailed addresses (in case of dwellings). The most time-consuming tasks during data processing (in addition to coding) were the review and addition of personal ID codes (to questionnaires without an ID code), and the review and correction of addresses using the standard format. Most of the duplicates were removed by the operators, although some of this work was done automatically.The data of the Population Register were used to check and revise the place of residence.

In addition to the removal of duplicates, the operators also removed the records of persons, households and dwellings that had been enumerated by mistake, for various reasons.

 Before the publication of the data, Statistics Estonia checked data consistency within and between the tables.

 We do as well comparison  with surveys.

Compared to Estonian Labour Force Survey 2011Q4 results, in Census the number of employed was lower by 56,000 (by 9.1%), the number of unemployed was lower by 10,000 (by 12.8%) and the number of economically inactive was higher by 8,000 (2.3%). This was partly due to differences in population size and population structure between that revealed by Census and that used for weighing the E-LFS data. To test the influence of population size and structure, the E-LFS 2011Q4 weights were recalibrated to Census population. After recalibration, the differences in the number of unemployed (and the unemployment rate) in two surveys were small enough to be in the range of standard error. Nevertheless, the unexplained difference in the number of employed (i.e difference in two surveys, after standard error subtracted) was 15,000 (2.5% of total employment) and the unexplained difference in the number of economically inactive was 9,000 (2.8% of total economically inactive). To conclude, the recalibration of E-LFS Q4 data revealed that about half of the difference in the data of labour statuses was explained by differences in population size and structure.

To explain the rest of the difference, a methodological research was carried out, comparing the labour market data of the same respondents in Census and E-LFS 2011Q4/2012Q1. Issues concerning differences in definitions, reference period, time lag, interview mode, proxy-answering and questionnaire were surveyed. The overall consistency of labour statuses in Census and E-LFS was 88.1%. The consistency was best for the employed (over 90%) and poorest for the unemployed (under 50%). As unemployment tends to be a more short-term status, it is more sensitive to differences in reference periods of Census and E-LFS. The slight difference in the employment definitions of LFS and Census (placement of conscripts in employment/inactivity) had only a minor influence to the overall consistency of labour statuses in Census and E-LFS.

Most important factors influencing the rest of the differences in labour status data were the shorter questionnaire of Census on labour market information (universal short survey vs long specialized labour market survey), and longer time lag between reference week and response moment (up to 3 months) in Census. This resulted in poorer ability of Census to catch the more irregular and atypical employment forms. E-LFS employed with atypical and irregular employment forms, like temporary workers, self-employed, part-time workers, workers with oral contracts and workers temporarily absent from work, had notably higher probability not to be employed in Census data. It was especially notable for temporary workers and workers with oral contracts.

If the reference periods of Census and E-LFS were harmonized (i.e Census was compared to E-LFS Dec2011 results), the labour status consistency rate improved by 1.6pp (90.1%). The improvement was modest, thus revealing that the difference in reference moments was not the main factor causing the discrepancies. Proxy-responses were allowed both in E-LFS and Census, in proxy-responses the consistency of labour status in E-LFS and Census were also poorer.

Administrative data and the data of the 2000 Population and Housing Census were used to check data and substitute missing items.

Most of the census data were collected with questionnaires. Only a small share of the data were obtained from the database of the 2000 census and from various administrative registers. In Estonia, the traditional census was combined with register-based census – thus, the use of registers and the database of the 2000 census is not imputation; it is the combined use of multiple data sources.

 Here is a list of the variables for which data were obtained from external sources (the specific data source is given in the brackets): legal marital status (the Population Register); country of birth (the Population Register; database of the 2000 census); country of citizenship (the Population Register); educational attainment (the Estonian Education Information System; database of the 2000 census); previous employment of unemployed person (database of the 2000 census); current activity status (database of the Ministry of Defence); household status, family status, type of family nucleus, type of private household (the Population Register; database of the 2000 census); time of construction of building, useful floor space of housing units, water supply system, bathing facilities, toilet facilities, type of heating (the Register of Construction Works). Data obtained from external sources constituted no more than a few percentage points of the value of each variable.

 The data received from other sources were recoded, if necessary. If there were several data sources available, priority was given according to pre-defined rules. The personal records were linked using personal ID codes; dwelling records were linked using the building ID (Statistics Estonia’s internal building identifier) and the apartment number.

 Based on household composition and family relations, new objects (statistical units) were created – families.  During data processing and the preparation of tables, Statistics Estonia calculated many new indicators, such as level of education according to ISCED 97, current activity status, locality, household status, family status, type of family nucleus, type of private household, density standard. Also, various aggregations of the indicators (aggregated dimensions) were generated.

Not applicable