In all data and indicators in these tables, both full-time and part-time pupils and students and both public and private institutions are included if nothing else is stated in the specific definitions or titles of the indicators.
ST1_1 to ST1_4 Ratio of students to teachers in ISCED 1-3 combined, in ISCED 1, ISCED 2 and ISCED 3
The ratios are calculated by dividing the number of full-time-equivalent pupils and students in the specific level of education by the number of full-time-equivalent teachers at the same level. All institutions, both public and private, are included.
The pupil-teacher ratio should not be confused with average class-size. It can be a difference between the number of hours of teaching provided by teachers and the number of hours of instruction prescribed for pupils. More than one teacher can be teaching in a class at the same time. Special education teachers can work with small groups or in one-to-one teaching, which not affect the class size but the pupil-teacher ratio.
TP02_1 to TP02_3 Enrolments (in total and female enrolments) per field as a percentage of total enrolments (female enrolments)
These indicators exclude the number of students in "fields of study unknown" from the denominator.
TC02_11, TC03_11 and 12 Graduates (ISCED 5-6) in specific fields as % of all fields
This indicator excludes the number of graduates in "fields of study unknown" from the denominator.
TC02_10, TC03_9 and 10 Graduates (ISCED 5-6) in mathematics, science and technology per 1000 of population aged 20-29
This indicator is calculated by dividing the number of graduates (of all ages) in the fields of science, mathematics and computing and engineering, manufacturing and construction by the population aged 20-29 and then multiplying by 1000.
Data on the number of pupils studying foreign languages are related to a corresponding numbers of students enrolled. This is the total number of students enrolled in the educational level considered. Mentally handicapped students enrolled in special schools (as it is assumed that they are excluded from enrolment in language courses) are however excluded.
L02_5 and 6 Average number of foreign languages learned per pupil
Each student studying a modern foreign language is counted once for each language he or she is studying, i.e. students studying more than one language are counted as many times as the number of languages studied in the educational level they are in. The sum of language students is divided by the total number of students enrolled in the educational level considered.
TP05_1 Students (ISCED 5-6) studying in EU25/EEA/candidate countries as % of all students
Countries do not have details of the numbers of their home students studying abroad. For a given nationality, the number of students studying abroad is calculated by summing the numbers provided for this nationality by the receiving countries. This number is then divided by the total number of students of this nationality (which includes students studying in their own country but not students studying outside EU25/EEA/candidate countries). The lack of data on the distribution of students by nationality in some countries leads to underestimation of the values.
Data on foreign students refer to citizenship. This means that permanent residents in a country with citizenship of another country are counted and reported as foreign students in the data collections.
Candidate countries are Bulgaria, Croatia, Rumania, Turkey, i.e. current candidate countries, for all years.
TP05_3 Inflow of ISCED 5-6 students from EU25/EEA /candidate countries as % of all students
In this indicator, the number of students studying in the country, with a citizenship of another EU25/EEA/candidate country, is included in the numerator. In the denominator is included the total number of EU25/EEA/candidate country students studying in the country, both nationals and non-nationals.
Data on foreign students refer to citizenship. This means that permanent residents in a country with citizenship of another country are counted and reported as foreign students in the data collections.
Candidate countries are Bulgaria, Croatia, Rumania, Turkey, i.e. current candidate countries, for all years.
This table covers data and indicators which set the context for looking at other data and indicators. The sources for these data are the UOE data collection and also the LFS (Labour Force Survey, Eurostat) and Eurostat Population statistics.
G02_1 School expectancy (ISCED 0-6)
This indicator is calculated by adding the net enrolment percentages for each single year of age and age band. The net enrolment rates are calculated by dividing the number of students of a particular age or age group (ISCED 0 to 6) by the number of persons in the population in the same age or age band. For students whose age is 'unknown' the net enrolment rate has been estimated by dividing these students by the total population aged 5-64 and multiplying by 60 (years).
G02_1 Expected years of tertiary education (ISCED 5-6)
This indicator is calculated by adding the net enrolment in tertiary education percentages for each single year of age and age band. The net enrolment rates are calculated by dividing the number of students of a particular age or age group in ISCED 5A, 5B and 6 by the number of persons in the population in the same age or age band. For students aged 40 and above, the net enrolment rate has been estimated by dividing by the total population aged 40-64 and multiplying by 25 (years), for students whose age is 'unknown' the net enrolment rate has been estimated by dividing these students by the total population aged 20-64 and multiplying by 45 (years).
G04_1 Students in post-compulsory education – as a % of the total population of post-compulsory school age
G04_1D Students in post-compulsory education (1000)
The percentage is derived by dividing the number of those enrolled in education that is older than the compulsory school age by the total number of persons in the population minus those of compulsory school age
G08_1 and G08_2 Compulsory school age (minimum and maximum)
Special education is not included. The ages shown here correspond to "normal" ages of admission to courses and their duration. Early or late entrance, extended school careers resulting from pupils having to repeat years, or breaks in schooling are not taken into account.
TP02_1 to TP02_3; TP03_11 to TP03_18 Enrolments (in total and female enrolments) per field as a percentage of total enrolments (female enrolments)
These indicators exclude the number of students
in "fields of study unknown" from the denominator.
TP04_1 to TP04_2D; TP05_1 to TP05_2D
Students (ISCED 5-6) studying in EU25 – EU25/EEA - EU25/EEA/candidate
countries as % of all students
Countries do not have details of the numbers of their home students studying abroad. For a given nationality, the number of students studying abroad is calculated by summing the numbers provided for this nationality by the receiving countries. This number is then divided by the total number of students of this nationality (which includes students studying in their own country). The lack of data on the distribution of students by nationality in some countries leads to underestimation of the values.
Data on foreign students refer to citizenship. This means that permanent residents in a country with citizenship of another country are counted and reported as foreign students in the data collections.
Candidate countries are Bulgaria, Croatia, Rumania, Turkey, i.e. current candidate countries, for all years.
TP04_3 to TP04_3D; TP05_3 to TP05_3D Inflow of students from EU25/EEA – EU25/EEA /candidate countries of ISCED 5-6 students as % of all students
In these indicators, the number of students studying in the country, with a citizenship of another EU25/EEA country (EU25/EEA/candidate country), is included in the numerator. In the denominator is included the total number of EU25/EEA (EU25/EEA/candidate country) students studying in the country, both nationals and non-nationals.
Data on foreign students refer to citizenship. This means that permanent residents in a country with citizenship of another country are counted and reported as foreign students in the data collections.
Candidate countries are Bulgaria, Croatia, Rumania, Turkey, i.e. current candidate countries, for all years.
TP06_1 to TP06_3 Median age, centile 15 age and centile 85 age in tertiary education (ISCED 5-6)
The indicators show the median and centile ages for all students, full time as well as part time students.
The median age of a given population is the age separating the group into two halves of equal size: half of the population is younger than the median age and the other is older.
The age corresponding to centile 15 of a given population is the age separating the population into two groups: 15% of the population is aged less than that age and 85% of the population is aged more than that age. The age corresponding to centile 85 of a given population is the age separating the population into two groups: 85% of the population is aged less than that age and 15% of the population is aged more than that age.
These indicators exclude the number of students in "age unknown".
Pre-vocational education is included in general education in these indicators.
In the countries where compulsory schooling is continued by part-time education, the part-time limit is used in calculations. X corresponds to the age marking the end of the compulsory education period.
PS03_2 to PS07_1D Students (ISCED 5-6) and students (ISCED 1-6) by sex, in different ages and age-groups, as % of corresponding age population
Students whose age is unknown are not taken account of in the participation rate indicators by age but they are included in the total number of students.
PS03_16 Students (ISCED 5-6) aged 25 years and above as % of all students (ISCED 5-6)
Students whose age is unknown (mainly occurring in ISCED level 6) are included among students aged 25 years and above
TC01_1 Women per 100 men graduating from ISCED levels 5-6
The number of female graduates per 100 males is calculated by dividing the total number of female graduates by the total number of male graduates and multiplying the result by 100.
TC02_1 to TC02_9 Graduates (ISCED 5-6) in specific fields as % of all fields
This indicator excludes the number of graduates in "fields of study unknown" from the denominator.
TC02_10 Graduates (ISCED 5-6) in mathematics, science and technology per 1000 of population aged 20-29
This indicator is calculated by dividing the number of graduates (of all ages) in the fields of science, mathematics and computing and engineering, manufacturing and construction by the population aged 20-29 and then multiplying by 1000.
ST1_1 to ST1_4 Ratio of students to teachers in ISCED 1-3 combined, in ISCED 1, ISCED 2 and ISCED 3
The ratios are calculated by dividing the number of full-time-equivalent pupils and students in the specific level of education by the number of full-time-equivalent teachers at the same level. All institutions, both public and private, are included.
The pupil-teacher ratio should not be confused with average class-size. It can be a difference between the number of hours of teaching provided by teachers and the number of hours of instruction prescribed for pupils. More than one teacher can be teaching in a class at the same time. Special education teachers can work with small groups or in one-to-one teaching, which not affect the class size but the pupil-teacher ratio.
Data on the number of pupils studying foreign languages are related to a corresponding numbers of students enrolled. This is the total number of students enrolled in the educational level considered. Mentally handicapped students enrolled in special schools (as it is assumed that they are excluded from enrolment in language courses) are however excluded.
L01_1 to L01_3 Pupils at ISCED level 1 learning 0, 1, 2 or more languages
L2_4 Average number of foreign languages learned per pupil at ISCED level 1
These data refer to all primary pupils, even if teaching languages does not start in the first years.
L02_1 to L02_7 Average number of foreign languages learned per pupil
Each student studying a modern foreign language is counted once for each language he or she is studying, i.e. students studying more than one language are counted as many times as the number of languages studied in the educational level they are in. The sum of language students is divided by the total number of students enrolled in the educational level considered.
R03_1 Students at ISCED levels 5-6 as % of all pupils and students at the regional level
This indicator shows the number of students in tertiary education (ISCED 5-6) as a proportion of all pupils and students in pre-primary, primary, secondary and tertiary education (ISCED 0-6) in the region. Both full-time and part-time students are included.
The indicator is based on data on where the students are studying, not on where they come from or live. Regions that have universities and other tertiary educations, often the big cities, therefore have high percentages. So the indicator does not show the uneven higher education participation but rather the uneven location of higher education institutions over the regions.
R04_1 Ratio of the proportion of students (ISCED5-6) over the proportion of the population
The indicator divides the proportion of tertiary education students (ISCED 5 and 6) in the region by the proportion of the population in this region. So a region will score greater than 1 if it is over represented in terms of the number of tertiary students, and a region with a score lower than 1 could be said to be under-represented. Enrolment data include both part-time and full-time students and both public and private institutions.
The indicator is based on data on where the students are studying, not on where they come from or live. Regions that have universities and other tertiary educations, often the big cities, therefore often score above 1. The indicator does not in such cases show uneven tertiary education participation but rather uneven location of tertiary education institutions over the regions.