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<p class="page-reference">manual</p>
<h2 class="h1 pb">The <span class="ff-b">mobile Driving License</span> manual</h2>
<p>A mobile driving licence (mDL) is a type of digital document/electronic attestation that is proof of an individual's right to drive a certain kind of vehicle.</p>
<p>This use case manual explains in practical terms how mobile driving licences will work with EU Digital Identity Wallets. It also provides links to relevant technical and legal resources.</p>
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<h3 class="h3 ff-b">54 million</h3>
<p>Current cost of acquiring physical driving licences in the European Union per year.</p>
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<h3 class="h3 ff-b">20 million</h3>
<p>Estimated number of driving licences issued per year.</p>
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<h3 class="h3 ff-b">40 - 70 million</h3>
<p>Car rentals in Europe per year requiring driving licence verification.</p>
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<h2 class="h2 ff-b">The mobile driving license user journey</h2>
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<ul class="tabs-select" id="sec-3-tablist" role="tablist" aria-label="Discover how to request data from a wallet">
<li class="tablist-item" role="tab"><button class="tab active" data-tab-ref="car-rentals">Car rentals</button></li>
<li class="tablist-item" role="tab"><button class="tab" data-tab-ref="roadside-checks">Roadside checks</button></li>
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<h3 class="h3 mobile-steps-title">Car rentals</h3>
<p>Car rental companies are required to check a driver's right to drive. Users will be able to share their mobile driving licences with them either in person or remotely in advance.</p>
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<h3 class="h3">1.</h3>
<p>Tim visits a car rental website to <strong>book a car.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="h3">2.</h3>
<p>The car rental service <strong>requests his mDL alongside proof of identity.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="h3">3.</h3>
<p>Tim <strong>provides his person identification data</strong> (PID) and mDL <strong>via his wallet.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="h3">4.</h3>
<p>The car rental service <strong>validates the attestations</strong> and <strong>approves his booking.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="h3">5.</h3>
<p>Tim <strong>picks up his car</strong> and <strong>hits the road.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="h3 mobile-steps-title">Roadside checks</h3>
<p>Police or other officials will be able to check a drivers's mobile driving licence when required.</p>
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<li>
<h3 class="h3">1.</h3>
<p>Emma is driving her car on the road when she’s <strong>stopped by a police officer</strong> for a roadside check.</p>
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<h3 class="h3">2.</h3>
<p>The police officer asks Emma to <strong>provide her driving license for verification.</strong></p>
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<h3 class="h3">3.</h3>
<p>Emma <strong>shares her mDL QR code</strong> from her wallet with the police officer.</p>
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<h3 class="h3">4.</h3>
<p>The police officer <strong>scans the QR code</strong> and verifies its authenticity.</p>
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<h3 class="h3">4.</h3>
<p>After <strong>successful verification,</strong> the officer allows Emma to continue her journey.</p>
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<div class="col-12"><h2 class="h2 ff-b">Key benefits</h2></div>
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<h3 class="h3 ff-b">Drivers</h3>
<p>Added convenience — drivers will always have a digital version of their driving licence stored in their wallet app and ready to share. They may also potentially save money as requesting a physical deriving licence costs individuals between EUR 15 and EUR 30.</p>
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<h3 class="h3 ff-b">Issuers</h3>
<p>Reduced costs — procuring physical driving licences costs is estimated to cost 54 million per year in the EU. Mobile driving licences have the potential to greatly reduce these costs.</p>
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<h3 class="h3 ff-b">Service providers</h3>
<p>Will simplify roadside checks for police and verifications for car rental companies and potentially allow them to automate more processes.</p>
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<h2 class="h2 pb">The <span class="ff-b">legal</span> and <span class="ff-b">technical implementation</span> of <span class="ff-b">mobile Driving Licences</span></h2>
<p>You can find additional detail in our downloadable use case manual PDF which you can find at the bottom of this page.</p>
<img class="" src="/digital-building-blocks/sites/download/attachments/694487811/illu-benefits-sec-5.svg" alt="">
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<h3 class="h3 ff-b">Current implementation of mDL per Member State</h3>
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<p class="title"><strong>mDLs in use with the right ISO standard</strong></p>
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<p>Austria</p>
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<p class="title"><strong>mDLs in use using other standards</strong></p>
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<p>Denmark</p>
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<p>Estonia</p>
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<p>Greece</p>
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<p>Spain</p>
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<p>France</p>
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<p>Latvia</p>
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<p>Lithuania</p>
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<p>Portugal</p>
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<p>Poland</p>
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<p>Slovakia</p>
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<p>Czech Republic</p>
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<p class="title"><strong>mDLs planned but not yet legally valid</strong></p>
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<p>Belgium</p>
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<p>Cyprus</p>
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<p>Finland</p>
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<p>Ireland</p>
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<p>Germany</p>
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<p>Netherlands</p>
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<p>Italy</p>
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<p>Luxemburg</p>
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<h3 class="h4 ff-b">Who is piloting this use case?</h3>
<p>The Large Scale Pilot Potential is developing the mobile driving licence use case for EU Digital Identity Wallets.</p>
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<div class="col-12"><h2 class="h3 ff-b">Legislation behind mobile driving licences.</h2></div>
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<h3 class="h4 ff-b">The Driving Licence Directive</h3>
<p>At EU level, the new Driving Licence Directive would establish default issuance and mutual recognition of mobile driving licences. It would refer to ISO/IEC 18013-5 as a reference standard. Adoption of the Directive is foreseen in the second half of 2025.</p>
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<h3 class="h4 ff-b">The mDL attestation</h3>
<p>The mDL attestation is defined in the upcoming Driving Licence Directive. Technical specifications for the attestation will be further detailed in an implementing act.</p>
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<h3 class="h4 ff-b">Issuing and accepting mDLs</h3>
<p>Obligations to issue and accept mDL are to be laid down in the upcoming Driving Licence Directive. According to its text, mDLs must be issued to EUDI Wallets.</p>
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<h2 class="h3 ff-b mobile-only">Technical standards</h2>
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<h2 class="h3 ff-b desktop-only">Technical standards</h2>
<p>mDL for EUDI wallets will use the ISO/IEC 18013-5/7 standard.</p>
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<h3 class="h4">Data model, format and proof mechanisms</h3>
<p>Specifications can be found in <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/69084.html" target="_blank">ISO 18013-5</a>.</p>
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<h3 class="h4">Verification</h3>
<p>Specifications on presenting mDL in <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/69084.html" target="_blank">proximity</a> and <a href="https://www.iso.org/standard/82772.html" target="_blank">remotely</a> are available as ISO standards. Business blueprints on proximity verification flows are also described in the ARF Annex 4: <a href="https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/blob/main/docs/annexes/annex-4/annex-4.04-eudi-wallet-presenting-mdl-proximity-supervised.pdf" target="_blank">supervised flow</a> and <a href="https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/blob/main/docs/annexes/annex-4/annex-4.05-eudi-wallet-presenting-mdl-proximity-unsupervised.pdf" target="_blank">unsupervised flow</a>.<br>Libraries to facilitate implementation of mDL presentation and verification can be found <a href="https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/.github/blob/main/profile/reference-implementation.md" target="_blank">here</a>.</p>
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<h3 class="h4">Trust framework</h3>
<p>The new Driving Licence Directive would require Member States to notify the Commission of authorised mDL issuers. The Commission would publish a list of these authorities for verification purposes.<br>Relying party registration should be implemented in line with the EUDI Wallet requirements and considering specifics of each Member State.</p>
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<h3 class="h4">Issuance</h3>
<p>Libraries to facilitate issuance of mDL can be found <a href="https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/.github/blob/main/profile/reference-implementation.md" target="_blank">here</a>.<br>An issuance flow is described in the ARF <a href="https://github.com/eu-digital-identity-wallet/eudi-doc-architecture-and-reference-framework/blob/main/docs/annexes/annex-4/annex-4.03-eudi-wallet-issuing-mdl.pdf" target="_blank">Annex 4</a>.</p>
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<h2 class="h3 ff-b">Synergies with other EUDI use cases</h2>
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<ul>
<li>Use cases for photo identification in proximity scenarios <br>(e.g. digital identity card, mobile driving licence).</li>
<li>Digital receipts stored in the Wallet could be used by the citizen for car rentals.</li>
<li>Mobile Vehicle Registration Certificates stored in the wallet.</li>
</ul>
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<h2 class="h2 pb"><span class="ff-b">Discover more Use Case Manuals</span></h2>
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<p class="card-title">ePrescription</p>
<p class="card-descr">Identify yourself in order to access e-prescriptions stored and presented via an EUDI wallet.</p>
<p class="card-link">Coming soon</p>
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<div class="green-card">
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<p class="card-title">European Health Insurance Card (EHIC)</p>
<p class="card-descr">Grants access to necessary healthcare when in another Member State.</p>
<p class="card-link">Coming soon</p>
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