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The United Kingdom did not join the European Communities when first established in the 1950s. It was thought that membership might weaken Britain's strong trade links with other countries in the Commonwealth, which gave access to cheaper food, and its strong political links with the United States of America. The international trading tradition created a feeling that the United Kingdom was separate from 'mainland Europe' and there was opposition from many people who thought that conceding power to any outside body meant loss of national sovereignty.
As a consequence, the United Kingdom was initially more interested in creating a European free trade area which would involve no sacrifice of national sovereignty, with the result that in 1959 the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) was created by Britain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Austria, Portugal, Iceland and Switzerland, with Finland as an associate member. However, it was not long before Britain realised that it risked economic and political isolation if it remained outside the Community, although it took more than ten years and several negotiations before Britain actually achieved membership in 1973.
Steps towards UK membership
1961
United Kingdom applies to join. Ireland and Denmark also submit applications, followed in 1962 by Norway.
1963
Negotiations go on until 1963, when President de Gaulle of France vetoes the United Kingdom application. This halts negotiations with all applicants.
1973
Following further successful negotiations the United Kingdom, Ireland and Denmark join the Community on 1 January. Norway does not join because a majority of its people vote against it in a referendum.
1975
In 1975 a referendum is held in the United Kingdom and confirms our membership.
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