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Vehicle categories

For the purpose of EU legislation, motor vehicles are grouped by categories.

The definitions below are only intended to give an overview of different categories, without mentioning all detail. The sources are two directives of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 2002/24/EC of 18 March 2002 and 2007/46/EC of 5 September 2007 respectively). In addition, the EU legislation on driving licences (directive 2006/126/EC of 20 December 2006) provides for a splitting of some categories of vehicles.

Category LMopeds, Motorcycles, Motor Tricycles and Quadricycles
Category MMotor vehicles having at least four wheels and for the carriage of passengers
Category NPower-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and for the carriage of goods
Category OTrailers (including semitrailers)
Category L - Mopeds, Motorcycles, Motor Tricycles and Quadricycles

Mopeds [1]

L1eTwo-wheel vehicles with a maximum design speed of not more than 45 km/h and characterised by an engine whose:
  • cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm3 in the case of the internal combustion type, or
  • maximum continuous rated power is no more than 4 kW in the case of an electric motor
L2eThree-wheel vehicles with a maximum design speed of not more than 45 km/h and characterised by an engine whose:
  • cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm3 if of the spark (positive) ignition type, or
  • maximum net power output does not exceed 4 kW in the case of other internal combustion engines, or
  • maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 4 kW in the case of an electric motor
[1] As of 19 January 2013, mopeds will be subject to driving licence category AM

Motorcycles [2]

L3eTwo-wheel vehicles without a sidecar
fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cm3 if of the internal combustion type and/or having a maximum design speed of more than 45 km/h
L4eTwo-wheel vehicles with a sidecar
fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cm3 if of the internal combustion type and/or having a maximum design speed of more than 45 km/h
[2] As of 19 January 2013, motorcycles will be subject to 3 categories of driving licence: A1 (max. 125 cm³, 11 kW & 0.1 kW/kg), A2 (max. 35 kW & 0.2 kW/kg) [indicative 125-500 cm³], and A (other motorcycles)

Motor tricycles

L5eVehicles with three symmetrically arranged wheels fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of more than 50 cm3 if of the internal combustion type and/or a maximum design speed of more than 45 km/h

Quadricycles
motor vehicles with four wheels having the following characteristics

L6eQuadricycles whose unladen mass is not more than 350 kg, not including the mass of the batteries in case of electric vehicles, whose maximum design speed is not more than 45 km/h, and
  • whose engine cylinder capacity does not exceed 50 cm3 for spark (positive) ignition engines, or
  • whose maximum net power output does not exceed 4 kW in the case of other internal combustion engines, or
  • whose maximum continuous rated power does not exceed 4 kW in the case of an electric motor.
These vehicles shall fulfil the technical requirements applicable to three-wheel mopeds of category L2e unless specified differently.
L7eQuadricycles other than those referred to in category L6e, whose unladen mass is not more than 400 kg (550 kg for vehicles intended for carrying goods), not including the mass of batteries in the case of electric vehicles, and whose maximum net engine power does not exceed 15 kW. These vehicles shall be considered to be motor tricycles and shall fulfil the technical requirements applicable to motor tricycles of category L5e unless specified differently.

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Category M - Motor vehicles having at least four wheels and for the carriage of passengers
M1Vehicles for the carriage of passengers and comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat
M2Vehicles for the carriage of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass not exceeding 5 tonnes
M3Vehicles for the carriage of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass exceeding 5 tonnes

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Category N - Power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and for the carriage of goods
N1Vehicles for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 tonnes
N2Vehicles for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes but not exceeding 12 tonnes
N3Vehicles for the carriage of goods and having a maximum mass exceeding 12 tonnes

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Category O - Trailers (including semitrailers)
O1Trailers with a maximum mass not exceeding 0.75 tonnes
O2Trailers with a maximum mass exceeding 0.75 tonnes, but not exceeding 3.5 tonnes
O3Trailers with a maximum mass exceeding 3.5 tonnes, but not exceeding 10 tonnes
O4Trailers with a maximum mass exceeding 10 tonnes
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Last update: 30/10/2010 | Top