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The principal source of rail noise is the rail-wheel interaction. This problem concerns of course both the transport of passengers and freight, but it is much acute for freight wagons.
To reduce rail noise at its source the Commission adopted in 2002 a decision concerning the technical specification for interoperability relating to the " Rolling stock" including noise limit values for high speed trains.
For the conventional rail, the Commission adopted on 23 December 2005 a decision [2006/66/EC] concerning the technical specification for interoperability relating to the noise of rolling stock. This Decision introduced for the first time noise limits for rolling stock used in the European Union. These limits apply to new and renewed rolling stock including freight wagons. New freight wagons have to be equipped with low-noise brake blocks (such as so-called K-blocks) reducing the noise by about 50%.
However, due to the long lifetime of rolling stock (and the logarithmic nature of noise), it will take several years before the overall noise emissions from freight trains can be reduced significantly if no additional measures addressing the existing fleet are introduced.
In this context the European Commission recently adopted a Communication on rail noise abatement measures addressing the existing fleet as part of the 'Greening Transport' package.
Workshop on rail noise
The Commission organised a workshop on rail noise on 27 April 2010 which was attended by about 70 experts from the Member States, the rail sector, manufacturing industry and the European Railway Agency.
Workshop on low-noise brake block technology and homologation
As follow-up activity of the Communication the Commission convened a workshop on 29 September 2008. Its objective was to discuss and clarify the state of play of the development and homologation of LL-blocks as well as the authorisation procedures for composite blocks (K and LL) and for putting into service of retrofitted wagons.