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The first working paper in the 2013 series reviews social protection expenditure developments in the crisis, focusing on expenditure trends in volumes following the peak of the crisis (2009), on changes in the distribution of incomes and, notably, on the distributional impact of austerity packages. The topics discussed relate to the March 2013 edition of the EU Employment and Social Situation Quarterly Review. This Working paper is available in electronic format in English.

According to the EU Employment and Social Situation Quarterly Review, divergence continues to increase across Member States, translating into persistently growing labour market and social challenges, marked by ever higher unemployment at EU level and a deterioration of the situation of many households, and of young people in particular. Employment has been trending down again since mid-2011, with positive developments only noticeable in part-time work. Unemployment rose further in January 2013, to 26.2 million in the EU, accounting for 10.8 % of the active population, and concerns nearly one in four economically active young people. This edition highlights the effects recent government spending cuts have had on the employment and social situation in a number of Member States, the diversity in terms of labour market matching and recent trends in posting of workers across the EU. This edition also analyses the specific situation in Bulgaria and in the sectors of manufacture of basic metals and motor vehicles. It finally dedicates a Special Supplement to the analysis of recent demographic trends in the European Union. This publication is available in electronic format in English.

DG Employment builds on the first Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) Review in this second edition, by conducting an analysis of the economic and social situation in the EU. Following a year which has seen several Member States witnessing escalating debt crises, public spending is decreasing. With different parts of the EU seeing different social and employment trends, finding the right policy responses in certain key areas is crucial. Long-term employment exclusion, its impact on the labour market and the broader social dimension, is considered in this context. The functioning and efficiency of various social protection systems is also examined, with a particular focus on the effect of distributional and design aspects. Finally, the Review looks at the impact of wage developments and the problem of skill mismatches as well, concluding a fair and equitable structural adjustment agenda is needed. This publication will be available in printed format in English. All the graphs and tables included in this report can be downloaded both in gif and excel format by accessing the individual chapters.

The economic, financial and sovereign debt crises and subsequent austerity measures underline the need for a more integrated approach to employment and social policy. This review merges two previous European Commission reports on these areas. It begins with an overview of the current European employment and social situation before looking at recent shifts in Europe's job structure and in income inequality. The review then examines patterns of poverty and social exclusion in Europe and the phenomenon of in-work poverty. Issues of active ageing, intra-EU labour mobility and the impact of enlargement are also covered. The review is available in English only.

All the graphs and tables included in this report can be downloaded both in gif and excel format by accessing the individual chapters here

Produced annually by the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, the Employment in Europe report is now in its 22nd year. It has become one of the main tools of the European Commission for supporting Member States in analysis, formulation and implementation of their employment policies. Employment in Europe 2010 begins by assessing EU labour market adjustment since the onset of the economic crisis, taking account of the crisis’ impact and future prospects. It also analyses EU and Member State policies aimed at mitigating the effects of the crisis and supporting recovery, and looks ahead to their gradual phasing out. The Report then examines the need to reduce segmentation in labour markets and improve the job situation of young people before drawing conclusions on the way forward. This publication is available in printed format in English only. Please note that the “Employment in Europe 2010” report is now also available as a user-friendly, navigable html-version by clicking here

Self-employment makes a considerable contribution to the EU economy in terms of entrepreneurship and job creation and accounted for almost 15% of total employment in the Union in 2009. However, it also carries a degree of risk and EU-level policies have been developed over a number of years to support self-employment and small and medium-sized enterprises. Such measures have been stepped up in the light of the economic crisis and its impact, both at EU- and Member State-level. The European Employment Observatory Review for 2010 on self-employment in Europe provides an introduction to the self-employment situation in Europe including the impact of the economic crisis, its role in the labour market, attitudes towards the subject and problems faced by the self-employed. The Review then assesses national labour market policies and crisis recovery measures and examines the quality of self-employed work and actions to improve this, before providing some final conclusions. This publication is available in printed format in English, French and German.

While it seems that the recession is coming to an end in many parts of Europe, challenges for the EU’s labour markets and social security systems remain. Set against this background, this brochure presents 27 examples of effective and innovative labour market measures that have been implemented or modified by Member States in response to the economic crisis. They range from short-time work - with varying degrees of flexibility and different subsidies - to suspending contracts and on-the-jobtraining, sometimes co-financed by the European Social Fund. These examples provide an excellent opportunity for all to share and learn from the most successful methods - in the best European tradition. This publication is available in English only.

Produced annually by the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, the Employment in Europe report analyses the performance and evolution of the labour market in the EU and candidate countries. It is targeted at the general public, including experts in employment and labour market analysis, decision-makers, academia and social partners. The 2008 report contains chapters on the impact of recent third country migration, geographical labour mobility post-enlargement, measuring the quality of employment, and the link between education and occupations.