Conflict of laws

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• Case law

  Case-law is used internationally to refer to rules of law flowing from a set of convergent decisions of the courts. The case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union is particularly rich in decisions on the interpretation of the Union treaties, directives and regulations. It is a source of Union law.

• Commission Communication

  A Communication is a policy document with no mandatory authority. The Commission takes the initiative of publishing a Communication when it wishes to set out its own thinking on a topical issue. A Communication has no legal effect.

• Commission Recommendation

  In EU law, a Recommendation is a legal instrument that encourages those to whom it is addressed to act in a particular way without being binding on them. A recommendation enables the Commission (or the Council) to establish non-binding rules for the EU countries or, in certain cases, Union citizens.

• Conflict of jurisdiction

  See "international jurisdiction".

• Conflict of laws

  See "applicable law".

• Contractual obligations

  Where two people conclude a contract, they generally enter into a two-way obligation - one undertakes to provide the other with goods or a service and the other undertakes to pay the price. Each of the parties to the contract is also bound by an obligation towards the other to compensate him if the contract is not performed properly or not performed at all.

• Convention

  Conventions can also be known as treaties or agreements and are the most widely-used instruments of public international law. A convention is an agreement between several States and/or international organisations laying down the law in relations between them and between their respective nationals.