Statistics Explained

EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) methodology - distribution of income


This article is part of a set of articles describing the methodology applied for the computation of the statistical indicators pertinent to the subject area of Distribution of Income (ilc_di) within the overall domain of Income and living conditions. For these indicators, the article provides a methodological and practical framework of reference. The indicators relevant to the subject area of monetary poverty of elderly people are the following:

  • Distribution of income by quantiles
  • Distribution of income by different income groups
  • Mean and median income
  • Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers)
  • Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers)
  • S80/S20 income quintile share ratio
  • Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income
  • Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers)
  • Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers)
  • Transitions of income within one year
  • Transitions of income within two years
  • Transitions of income within three years
  • High-income national thresholds

Moreover, since the indicators are of multidimensional structure and can be analysed simultaneously along several dimensions, the separate datasets providing these indicators along with the different combinations of dimensions are also presented.

Full article

Description

  • The Distribution of income by quantiles describes the following two indicators:
  • Share of national disposable income in the relevant quintile as percentage of total national disposable income (SHARE), and
  • The top cut-off point of the respective quantile (TC)
  • The Distribution of income by different income groups describes the following two indicators:
  • The weighted mean of the distribution of the equivalised net income distribution (MEI_E) in the respective income group
  • The weighted median of the distribution of the equivalised net income (MED_E) in the respective income group
  • The Mean and median income refers to the following two indicators:
  • The weighted mean of the distribution of the equivalised net income distribution (MEI_E)
  • The weighted median of the distribution of the equivalised net income (MED_E)
  • The Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) describes the following two indicators:
  • Mean Equivalised disposable Income (EQ_INC) before all social transfers (including pensions) (EQ_INC23) (MEI_E)
  • Median Equivalised disposable Income (EQ_INC) before all social transfers (including pensions) (EQ_INC23) (MED_E)
  • The Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers) describes the following two indicators:
  • Mean Equivalised disposable Income (EQ_INC) before all social transfers (excluding pensions) (EQ_INC22) (MEI_E)
  • Median Equivalised disposable Income (EQ_INC) before all social transfers (excluding pensions) (EQ_INC22) (MED_E)
  • The S80/S20 income quintile share ratio refers to the ratio of total equivalised disposable income received by the 20% of the country's population with the highest equivalised disposable income (top quintile) to that received by the 20% of the country's population with the lowest equivalised disposable income (lowest quintile).
  • The Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income measures the extent to which the distribution of equivalised disposable income after social transfers deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. It is a summary measure of the cumulative share of equivalised income accounted for by the cumulative percentages of the number of individuals. Its value ranges from 0 (complete equality) to 100 (complete inequality).
  • The Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) measures the extent to which the distribution of equivalised disposable income before social transfers with pensions included in social transfers (EQ_INC23) (i.e. pensions are withdrawn from income), deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. It is a summary measure of the cumulative share of equivalised income before social transfers with pensions included in social transfers, accounted for by the cumulative percentages of the number of individuals. Its value ranges in a scale from 0 (complete equality) to 100 (complete inequality).
  • The Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers) measures the extent to which the distribution of equivalised disposable income before social transfers with pensions excluded from social transfers (EQ_INC22), deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. It is a summary measure of the cumulative share of equivalised income before social transfers excluding pensions (i.e. pensions are part of the income) accounted for by the cumulative percentages of the number of individuals. Its value ranges from 0 (complete equality) to 100 (complete inequality).
  • The Transitions of income within one year by decile refers to the distribution (%) of persons by the income decile class they move to in the survey year (t); shown separately for each income decile class during the last year (t-1).
  • The Transitions of income within two years by decile refers to the distribution (%) of persons by the income decile class they move to in the survey year (t); shown separately for each income decile class during the last two years (t-2).
  • The Transitions of income within three years by decile refers to the distribution (%) of persons by the income decile class they move to in the survey year (t); shown separately for each income decile class during the last three year (t-3).
  • The High-income national thresholds refer to the share of people having income greater or equal to specific national thresholds. The calculation is as follows: (a) 130% of the national median equivalised disposable income (ARPT13), (b) 140% of the national median equivalised disposable income (ARPT14), (c) 150% of the national median equivalised disposable income (ARPT15), (d) 160% of the national median equivalised disposable income (ARPT16), (e) 130% of the national mean equivalised disposable income (ARPT13M), (f) 140% of the national mean equivalised disposable income (ARPT14M), (g) 150% of the national mean equivalised disposable income (ARPT15M).

Statistical population

The statistical population consists of all persons living in private private households. Persons living in collective households and in institutions are generally excluded from the target population.

However, mean and median income refers also to different subsets of population, covering:

  1. the population aged 16 or over years, when broken down by activity status (people with less than 7 months declared in the calendar of activities are excluded).
  2. the population aged 18 years or over, when broken down by educational level, citizenship, country of birth
  3. the population aged 0 to 59 years, when broken down by work intensity

Moreover, transitions of income consist of all persons living in private households for the last 2 years.

In any case, people with missing values for equivalised disposable income or for any of the dimensions, are excluded from calculations.

Reference period

All indicators are collected and disseminated on an annual basis and refer to the survey year. The indicators transitions of income within one, two or three years cover a longer period: 2 years, 3 years and 4 years respectively.

The reference period for all dimensions along with the indicators are disseminated is the survey year, except for age, income, household type, activity status and work intensity. As far as age is concerned, it refers to the age of the respondent at the end of the income reference period, based on which the household type is also derived. However, specifically for mean and median income before social transfers, the reference period for the household type is the survey year. The income reference period is a fixed 12-month period (such as the previous calendar or tax year) for all countries except the United Kingdom, for which the income reference period is the current year, and Ireland, for which the survey is continuous and income is collected for the last twelve months. For income, activity status and work intensity, the reference period is the income reference period.

Unit of measurement

The distribution of income by quantiles, the distribution of income by different income groups, the mean and median income, the mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) as well as the mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers) are expressed in Euro (from 1.1.1999) – ECU (up to 31.12.1998), in purchasing power standard and in national currency (including ‘euro fixed’ series for euro area countries). For EU aggregates, (EU, EA) data are only calculated in Euro.

The S80/S20 income quintile share ratio is available as a ratio.

The Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income is disseminated in a scale from 0 to 100.

The transitions of income is available as a percentage of people in the total population

Dimensions

The separate datasets provide each indicator along with the Geopolitical entity and time and the dimensions presented below.


The distribution of income is given broken down by:

  • income quantile
  • income groups


The mean and median income is disseminated along with the following dimensions:

  • age group and sex
  • household type
  • age group, sex and most frequent activity status
  • age group, sex, household type and work intensity of the household (population aged 0 to 59 years)
  • age group, sex and educational level
  • age group, sex and tenure status
  • ability to make ends meet (SUBJNNOM)
  • age group, sex and broad group of citizenship (population aged 18 and over)
  • age group, sex and broad group of country of birth (population aged 18 and over)
  • degree of urbanisation (DEGURBA)


The S80/S20 income quintile share ratio is broken down by:

  • age group and sex


The mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) as well as the mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded in social transfers) presented along with the dimensions:

  • age group and sex
  • household type


The transitions of income are accompanied by the following dimensions:

  • income quantile and type of transition.


The High-income national thresholds are disseminated along with the following dimensions:

  • age group and sex
  • degree of urbanisation (DEGURBA)
  • educational level

Calculation method

1. Distribution of income by quantiles:

This dataset uses the following two indicators to describe the distribution of income (DISINC) broken down by quantile:

a. Top cut – off point ([math]TCxx_{at\_a\_quantile}[/math]) of the equivalised disposable income after social transfers (EQ_INC20) of quantile group:


[math]TCxx_{at\_quantile}=EQ\_INC20xx_{at\_quantile}[/math]


b. Share of national equivalised income  [math]SHARExx_{at\_quantile}[/math] in each equivalised disposable income quintile group:


[math]SHARExx_{at\_quantile}=\frac{EQ\_INC20xx_{at\_quantile}}{EQ\_INC20xx}[/math]


where xx denotes the CURRENCY and takes the values EUR, PPS and NAC.


2. Distribution of income by different income groups:

a. Weighted mean equivalised disposable income after social transfers (EQ_INC20) by income group:


[math]MEI\_Exx_{at\_INCGRP}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_INCGRP} EQ\_INC20xx_{i}\times\;RB050a_i}{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_INCGRP}RB050a_i}[/math]


b. Weighted median equivalised disposable income after social transfers (EQ_INC20) by income group:


[math]MED\_Exx_{at\_INCGRP}=\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2}(EQ\_INC20xx_{j\_at\_INCGRP}+EQ\_INC20xx_{j+1\_at\_INCGRP}), if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i =\frac{1}{2} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \\ EQ\_INC20xx_{j+1\_at\_INCGRP}, if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i \lt \frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \lt \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j+1} RB050a_i \end{matrix}\right.[/math]


where xx denotes the CURRENCY and takes the values EUR, PPS and NAC. Income groups (INCGRP) refer to all the different poverty thresholds (ARPT40, ARPT50, ARPT70, ARPTM40, ARPT50, ARPT60)


3. Mean and median income:'

This dataset uses the following two indicators to describe the distribution of income broken down by each combination of dimensions (k). The weight variable used is the Adjusted Cross Sectional Weight (RB050a).

a. Weighted mean equivalised disposable income after social transfers (EQ_INC20) by each k:


[math]MEI\_Exx_{at\_k}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_k} EQ\_INC20xx_{i}\times\;RB050a_i}{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_Ik}RB050a_i}[/math]


b. Weighted median equivalised disposable income after social transfers (EQ_INC20) by each k:


[math]MED\_Exx_{at\_k}=\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2}(EQ\_INC20xx_{j\_at\_k}+EQ\_INC20xx_{j+1\_at\_k}), if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i =\frac{1}{2} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \\ EQ\_INC20xx_{j+1\_at\_k}, if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i \lt \frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \lt \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j+1} RB050a_i \end{matrix}\right.[/math]


where xx denotes the CURRENCY and takes the values EUR, PPS and NAC.

With regard to the calculation of the mean and median income by ability to make ends meet, the following methodological issues should be taken into consideration:

  • The objective is to assess the respondent feeling about the level of difficulty experienced by the household in making ends meet.
  • The respondent’s assessment is based on the household’s total income.
  • Income refers to ‘net’ income i.e. to income after deduction and social insurance.
  • The usual necessary expenses of the household should include housing related costs but exclude business and farm work costs.


4. Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers):

The dataset contains weighted mean and median of disposable income, computed separately on each combination of dimensions (k). The weight variable used is the Adjusted Cross Sectional Weight (RB050a).

a. Weighted mean equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) (EQ_INC23) is computed as:


[math]MEI\_Exx_{at\_k}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_k} EQ\_INC23xx_{i}\times\;RB050a_i}{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_Ik}RB050a_i}[/math]


b. Weighted median equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) (EQ_INC23) is computed as:


[math]MED\_Exx_{at\_k}=\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2}(EQ\_INC23xx_{j\_at\_k}+EQ\_INC23xx_{j+1\_at\_k}), if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i =\frac{1}{2} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \\ EQ\_INC23xx_{j+1\_at\_k}, if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i \lt \frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \lt \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j+1} RB050a_i \end{matrix}\right.[/math]


where xx denotes the CURRENCY and takes the values EUR, PPS and NAC.

With regard to the calculation of the mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers), the following methodological issues should be taken into consideration:

  • Social transfers are defined as current transfers received by individuals during the income reference period, which are intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, made through collectively organised schemes or outside such schemes by government units and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households. In order to be considered a social benefit, the transfer must be (a) compulsory for the group in question and (b) based on a principle of social solidarity.
  • Social benefits do not include tax rebates, benefits in kind or benefits paid from schemes into which the recipient has made voluntary payments only, independently of his/her employer or government.


5. Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers):

The dataset contains weighted mean and median of disposable income, computed separately on each combination of dimensions (k). The weight variable used is the Adjusted cross sectional weight (RB050a)

a. Weighted mean equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included from social transfers) (EQ_INC23) is computed as:


[math]MEI\_Exx_{at\_k}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_k} EQ\_INC22xx_{i}\times\;RB050a_i}{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_at\_Ik}RB050a_i}[/math]


b. Weighted median equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers) (EQ_INC22) is computed as:

where xx denotes the CURRENCY and takes the values EUR, PPS and NAC.

[math]MED\_Exx_{at\_k}=\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2}(EQ\_INC22xx_{j\_at\_k}+EQ\_INC22xx_{j+1\_at\_k}), if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i =\frac{1}{2} \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \\ EQ\_INC22xx_{j+1\_at\_k}, if \ \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j} RB050a_i \lt \frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n} RB050a_i \lt \sum\limits_{i=1}^{j+1} RB050a_i \end{matrix}\right.[/math]


With regard to the calculation of the mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded in social transfers), the following methodological issues should be taken into consideration:

  • Social transfers are defined as current transfers received by individuals during the income reference period, which are intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, made through collectively organised schemes or outside such schemes by government units and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households. In order to be considered a social benefit, the transfer must be (a) compulsory for the group in question and (b) based on a principle of social solidarity.
  • Social benefits do not include tax rebates, benefits in kind or benefits paid from schemes into which the recipient has made voluntary payments only, independently of his/her employer or government.


6. S80/S20 income quintile share ratio:

The S80/S20 income quintile share ratio broken down by each combination of dimensions (k) [math](S80\_20_{at\_k})[/math] is calculated as the weighted ratio of the equivalised disposable income after social transfers (EQ_INC20) of people belonging in the fifth (top) income quintile to the equivalised disposable income after social transfers (EQ_INC20) of those belonging in the first (lowest) income quintile. The weight variable used is the Adjusted Cross Sectional Weight (RB050a).


[math]S80\_20_{at\_k}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_in\_fifth\_quintile}RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC20_{i\_at\_k} }{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_in\_first\_quintile}RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC20_{i\_at\_k} }[/math]


With regard to the calculation of the S80/S20 income quintile share ratio, the following methodological issues should be taken into consideration:

  • The quintile shares are sensitive to outliers. Extreme incomes, especially at the top end of the distribution, can have a strong influence on this indicator.
  • The value this indicator takes when calculated separately for the two age groups does not necessarily imply anything about the distribution of income within one country's population. Rather, it measures solely the distribution of income within a particular age group, treating the complementing age group as though it was not present. One cannot add the inequality of both groups to obtain the overall inequality.
  • As the quintiles are calculated at the level of the individuals (not the households) in the sample, individuals in the same age group within the same household could be sorted into different adjoining quintiles, even though their equivalised disposable income would be equal by definition.


7. Gini coefficient:

The Gini coefficient [math](Gini )[/math] is calculated as:


[math]Gini=\left[\frac{2\times\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC20_i \times\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{person\_i}RB050a_i) -\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person}((RB050a_i)^2\times EQ\_INC20_i)}{\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i)\times \sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC20_i)}\right] -1 \times 100[/math]


The weight variable used is the Adjusted Cross Sectional Weight (RB050a).


8. Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers):

The Gini coefficient [math](Gini_{EQ\_INC23})[/math] of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) (EQ_INC23) after having sorted persons according to their EQ_INC23 (from lowest to highest value), is calculated as:


[math]Gini_{EQ\_INC23}=\left[\frac{2\times\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC23_i \times\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{person\_i}RB050a_i) -\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person}((RB050a_i)^2\times EQ\_INC23_i)}{\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i)\times \sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC23_i)}\right] -1 \times 100[/math]


The weight variable used is the Adjusted Cross Sectional Weight (RB050a).

With regard to the calculation of the gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers), the following methodological issues should be taken into consideration:

  • Social transfers are defined as current transfers received during the income reference period, which are intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, made through collectively organised schemes or outside such schemes by government units and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households. In order to be included as a social benefit, the transfer must be (a) compulsory for the group in question and (b) based on a principle of social solidarity.
  • Social benefits do not include tax rebates, benefits in kind or benefits paid from schemes into which the recipient has made voluntary payments only, independently of his/her employer or government.
  • Pensions, such as old-age and survivors’ (widows' and widowers') benefits, are counted as income (before social transfers) and not as social transfers. For the calculation of the Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) pensions are withdrawn from income.


9. Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers):

The Gini coefficient [math](Gini_{EQ\_INC22})[/math] of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) (EQ_INC22) after having sorted persons according to their EQ_INC22 (from lowest to highest value), is calculated as:


[math]Gini_{EQ\_INC22}=\left[\frac{2\times\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC22_i \times\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{person\_i}RB050a_i) -\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person}((RB050a_i)^2\times EQ\_INC22_i)}{\sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i)\times \sum\limits_{i=first\_person}^{last\_person} (RB050a_i\times EQ\_INC22_i)}\right] -1 \times 100[/math]


The weight variable used is the Adjusted Cross Sectional Weight (RB050a).

With regard to the calculation of the Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers), the following methodological issues should be taken into consideration:

  • Social transfers are defined as current transfers received during the income reference period, which are intended to relieve them from the financial burden of a number of risks or needs, made through collectively organised schemes or outside such schemes by government units and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households. In order to be included as a social benefit, the transfer must be (a) compulsory for the group in question and (b) based on a principle of social solidarity.
  • Social benefits do not include tax rebates, benefits in kind or benefits paid from schemes into which the recipient has made voluntary payments only, independently of his/her employer or government.
  • Pensions, such as old-age and survivors’ (widows' and widowers') benefits, are counted as income (before social transfers) and not as social transfers.


10. Transitions of income within one year:'

The dataset shows the percentages of persons who move between income decile classes (or stay in the same class) between two consecutive years. The weight variable used is the Longitudinal weight estimate – Two-year duration, RB062. For each class of persons specified by their income decile in year t-1 (Quantile(t-1)), the distribution of those that have undergone transition in the sense of changing the income decile in year t (Quantile(t)) is computed as follows:


[math]INC\_TRANS_{at\_quantile(t-1))}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_[quantile(t-1)-quantile(t)]=TRANS}RB062_i}{\sum\limits_{\forall i}RB062_i}[/math]


11. Transitions of income within two years:

The dataset shows the percentages of persons who move between income decile classes (or stay in the same class) between three consecutive years (t-2, t-1 as well as t). The weight variable used is the Longitudinal weight estimate – Three-year duration (t-2), RB063. For each class of persons specified by their income decile in year t-2 (Quantile(t-2)), the distribution of those that have undergone transition in the sense of changing the income decile in year t (Quantile(t)) is computed as follows:


[math]INC\_TRANS_{at\_quantile(t-2))}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_[quantile(t-2)-quantile(t)]=TRANS}RB063_i}{\sum\limits_{\forall i}RB063_i}[/math]


12. Transitions of income within three years:

The dataset shows the percentages of persons who move between income decile classes (or stay in the same class) between four consecutive years. The weight variable used is the Longitudinal weight estimate – Four-year duration (t-3), RB064. For each class of persons specified by their income decile in year t-3 (Quantile(t-3)), the distribution of those that have undergone transition in the sense of changing the income decile in year t (Quantile(t)) is computed as follows:


[math]INC\_TRANS_{at\_quantile(t-3))}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\_[quantile(t-3)-quantile(t)]=TRANS}RB064_i}{\sum\limits_{\forall i}RB064_i}[/math]


13. High-income national thresholds

The indicator concerning the share of the population having an income greater or equal to specific national thresholds by the relevant dimensions (k) [math](ARPT\_HIGH_{at\_k})[/math] is calculated as the percentage of people in each (k) who have a disposable income that is at least 130% of the national median equivalised disposable income (EQ_INC20>ARPT13)over the total population in (k). The weight variable used is the Adjusted Cross-Sectional Weight (RB050a).


[math]ARPT\_HIGH_{at\_k}=\frac{\sum\limits_{\forall i\;where\; EQ\_INC20\gt ARPT13\_{at\_k}}RB050a_i} {\sum\limits_{\forall i\_{at\_k}}RB050a_i}\times 100[/math]


Note that in order to apply the high-income national thresholds using the mean equivalised disposable income instead of the median, the same calculation can be followed only substituting ARPT13 by ARPT13M which is the 130% of the national mean equivalised disposable income (ARPT13M).


Moreover, there are some methodological limitations that pertain to the following dimensions accompanying the indicators: age, activity status, education level,household type, income quantile, tenure status, work intensity,

Main concepts used

For the production of the indicators relevant to the subject area of distribution of income, the variables listed below are also involved in computations:

Equivalised disposable Income (EQ_INC), and Gini coefficient.

Another concept that should be taken into consideration is the following:

  • The ability to make ends meet (HS120) aims to assess the respondent’s feeling about the level of difficulty experienced by the household in making ends meet. This assessment is based on the household’s total income.

SAS program files

SAS programming routines developed for the computation of the EU-SILC distribution of income datasets along with the different dimensions are listed below.

Dataset SAS program file
Distribution of income by quantiles (ilc_di01) DI01.sas
Distribution of income by different income groups (ilc_di02) DI02.sas
Mean and median income by age and sex (ilc_di03) DI03.sas
Mean and median income by household type (ilc_di04) DI04.sas
Mean and median income by most frequent activity status (ilc_di05) DI05.sas
Mean and median income by work intensity of the household (population aged 0 to 59 years) (ilc_di07) DI07.sas
Mean and median income by educational attainment level (ilc_di08) DI08.sas
Mean and median income by tenure status (ilc_di09) DI09.sas
Mean and median income by ability to make ends meet (ilc_di10) DI10.sas
S80/S20 income quintile share ratio by sex and selected age group (ilc_di11) DI11.sas
Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (ilc_di12) DI12.sas
Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) (ilc_di12b) DI12b.sas
Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers) (ilc_di12c) DI12c.sas
Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) by age and sex (ilc_di13) DI13.sas
Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions included in social transfers) by household type (ilc_di13b) DI13b.sas
Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers) by age and sex (ilc_di14) DI14.sas
Mean and median income before social transfers (pensions excluded from social transfers) by household type (ilc_di14b) DI14b.sas
Mean and median income by broad group of citizenship (population aged 18 and over) (ilc_di15) DI15.sas
Mean and median income by broad group of country of birth (population aged 18 and over) (ilc_di16) DI16.sas
Mean and median income by degree of urbanisation (ilc_di17) DI17.sas
Share of people having income greater or equal to specific national thresholds by age and sex (ilc_di20) DI20.sas
Share of people having income greater or equal to specific national thresholds by degree of urbanisation (ilc_di23) DI23.sas
Share of people having income greater or equal to specific national thresholds by educational attainment level (ilc_di27) DI27.sas
Transitions of income within one year by decile (ilc_di30a) L_di30a.sas
Transitions of income within two years by decile (ilc_di30b) L_di30b.sas
Transitions of income within three years by decile (ilc_di30c) L_di30c.sas

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Database

  • Living conditions and welfare (livcon), see:
Income and living conditions (ilc)
People at risk of poverty or social exclusion (Europe 2020 strategy) (ilc_pe)
Income distribution and monetary poverty (ilc_ip)
Distribution of income (ilc_di)


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