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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | Statistics Finland |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Economic Statistics |
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1.5. Contact mail address | PO Box 3B, FI-00022 Statistics Finland |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 07/06/2024 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 07/06/2024 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 07/06/2024 |
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3.1. Data description | ||||||||||||||
The index of services production (ISP) measures short-term changes in the production of services. It is formed by deflating the turnover index with an appropriate deflator combined from specific price indices composed by National Accounts (NA). Turnover information is based on Tax Administration's self-assessed tax data and on Statistics Finland's (SF) sales inquiry for the largest enterprises in their respective industries. Turnover does not include value-added tax. The deflators are formed by weighting the price indices of the main and secondary products of each industry. Price data are compiled on product basis, irrespective of the main industry of the enterprise, and describe the price development of services to all end users, Business to All (BtoAll). |
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3.2. Classification system | ||||||||||||||
NACE Rev. 2. |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | ||||||||||||||
Sections H, I, J, L, M (excl. division 72, 75 and group 701), N and their respective divisions of NACE Rev. 2. A national release which has been public since early 2019 also features an aggregate of sections H, I, J, L, M, N, R and S. In turnover indices used in the production of ISP: The administrative source covers all enterprises that are liable for value-added tax. The monthly sales inquiry covers around 2000 large enterprises of which about 600 belong to the services sector. The total index of the Producer Price Indices for Services covers around 70 percent of all market services. Covarage is 85 percent when wholesale and retail trade are excluded. The Producer Price Index for Services is calculated using over 21,000 price data items collected from approximately 1,300 data suppliers. The numbers of price data items and data suppliers vary by industry. Roughly 15,000 of the price data items concern leasing of office and business premises. More information about the coverage of different price indices can be found in their respective metadata files. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | ||||||||||||||
The index of services production aims to measure developments in the volume of services production. It is obtained by removing the effect of price changes from a value index with the help of a price index (deflation). In turnover indices used in production of ISP: Variables in the sales inquiry include Domestic sales, Sales abroad and Of which sales of goods and services from abroad to abroad. Reference period flows during the calendar month. Variables on administrative tax data are Domestic sales by each value-added tax rate, Sales of goods to other EU Member States, Sales of services to other EU Member States and Sales of construction services. Price indices used in deflating ISP: • Service producer price indices (SPPI) |
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3.5. Statistical unit | ||||||||||||||
For turnover data, the administrative source contains legal units and the sales inquiry contains both legal units and kind-of-activity units for larger multi-industrial enterprises. Price data are compiled on product basis, irrespective of the main industry of the enterprise, and describe the price development of services to all end users, Business to All (BtoAll). |
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3.6. Statistical population | ||||||||||||||
In turnover indices used for ISP formation, the Statistical population consists of legal units which submit Periodic tax returns to the Finnish Tax Administration and fall under NACE categories H, I, J, L, M, N. Business register is used for NACE information. The population covers approximately 247,000 enterprises and entrepreneurs. The frame is updated monthly and demographic changes, such as start-ups and the most important mergers and split-offs, are included instantly. Closures are included as soon as they are noticed, at four months delay at the latest. The Producer Price Index for Services is calculated using over 21,000 price data items collected from approximately 1,300 data suppliers. Information on the statistical population of the price indices used in deflation can be found in their own metadata files. |
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3.7. Reference area | ||||||||||||||
Geographical area covers the whole country including the Autonomous Region of Åland. The turnover figures also include activities carried outside Finnish territories. The largest companies are inquired monthly about the sales of goods and services from abroad to abroad. This information may contain e.g merchanting if it is reported on the financial statement of the company operating in Finland. Fully comprehensive information according to the National Accounts definition of global production has not been acquired through the sales inquiry. The quality of the turnover data for major globally active enterprises has been examined but there is no comprehensive information on its coverage. Information on the reference area of the price indices used in deflation can be found in their own metadata files.
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3.8. Coverage - Time | ||||||||||||||
Time series from year 2010. |
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3.9. Base period | ||||||||||||||
Base (reference) year 2021=100. |
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Data is sent as indices. |
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Month. |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
The production of the indices is based on FRIBS/EBS (Framework Regulation Integrating Business Statistics/European Business Statistics). Information on the institutional mandates of the price indices used in deflation can be found in their own metadata files. The turnover indices used in the production of ISP are based on the Statistics Act (280/2004) and guided by Regulation (EU) (N:o 2019/2152) of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) (N:o 2020/1197) on European business statistics. The Regulation obliges Member States to produce index series on turnover data for certain industries. The Statistics Act (280/04) is the general act for the National Statistical Service (NSS). It contains the principles for the data collection, processing, and dissemination of official statistics. The act defines the roles of statistical authorities (Statistics Finland, Customs, National Institute for Health and Welfare, and Tike, Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry) and other authorities producing statistics. The Statistics Finland Act (48/1992) states that Statistics Finland (SF) shall provide for the general development of official statistics in collaboration with other central government authorities. The aim of the NSS is to produce official statistics, Official Statistics of Finland (OSF). European law (especially the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on European statistics (EC) No 223/2009) applies to a large portion of OSF. The Statistics Act requires that the primarily exploited sources for statistical purposes shall be the data accumulated in the administration of general government and the data produced as a consequence of the normal activities of employers, self-employed persons, corporations, and foundations. SF has the right to have access to these data under the Statistics Act. In addition, all public and private entities in Finland are obliged to provide SF with data on their finances, products and staff as necessary for the production of statistics. The right of SF to collect data by virtue of the obligation does not extend, however, to data that are kept confidential for reasons of international relationships, public safety, the interest of national defence, or the safety of the state. Before any data collection based on the obligation, the statistical authority must consult the respondents or their representatives about the contents, timing, collection methods, duration of storing of the data as well as about costs. Besides those data obtained directly from administrative sources data from natural persons are always collected on voluntary basis by using interviewing or mail and web surveys. In addition, the interviewees must be informed in advance in a written form. The Statistics Act stipulates that a data provider who willfully fails to provide the obligatory data or willfully provides false data shall be sentenced to a fine. Nevertheless, SF is allowed to refrain from bringing charges if the violation is regarded as minor, but in practice charges have not been filed. |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
The data are transmitted monthly to Eurostat. Data sharing and coordination among data producing agencies |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
The index of services production does not have inquiry of its own. The administrative VAT data and the sales inquiry data used in the production of service turnover indices are considered confidential as they contain unit-level information. Practices relating to price indices used in deflation are described in their own metadata files. Confidentiality of individual reporters' data The Statistics Act obliges statistics-producing authorities to inform respondents in writing or in other appropriate manner about the intended use of the data, the procedures to be used in producing the statistics, the principles governing whether the provision of data is obligatory or voluntary, the rights of the respondents, the arrangements for protecting the data, and the duration the data will be stored. The Statistics Act allows a statistical authority to grant access to confidential data for use in scientific research or statistical surveys if statistical units cannot be identified directly from them. The right to use data may be given in compliance with a well-defined process including a written application. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
The data are treated as confidential if an enterprise regularly dominates its turnover index. Divisions 51 and 53 are not published because of dominant enterprises but are included in the calculation of Section H and higher aggregates. The data are flagged as confidential when they are sent to Eurostat. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
The public release of the time series began in March 2019. A release schedule for the coming year is published in December as part of Statistics Finland's Release Calendar. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Future release dates are available on Statistics Finland's public website, https://stat.fi/en/statistics/plv#calendar. |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Indices are published simultaneously to all interested parties on the home page of the Turnover of service industries (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/plv). No one has prior access to the statistics before their general release. Series are transmitted to Eurostat during the same day they are published in Finland. The transmission is done via EDAMIS web portal by using SDMX coding system. |
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Monthly. |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
A regular news release accompanies the most recent monthly results. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
A monthly publication is made available to the media and the public free of charge. The indices are published monthly on the Internet, https://stat.fi/en/statistics/plv. |
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10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
Indices and revisions are published in the StatFin-databank of Statistics Finland (https://stat.fi/tup/statfin/index_en.html). Information published:
Some of the above-mentioned data is also published as quarterly, semiannual and annual aggregates. Revisions are published from the original, working day adjusted and seasonal adjusted index series. A revision is presented as the difference between percentage point changes found in the first and the latest release. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
The index of services production does not have inquiry of its own. Concerning the source statistics’ microdata, Statistics Finland's researcher services offer unit-level data, i.e. micro data, for scientific studies and statistical surveys. The conditions and rules with respect to data access can be found on the home page, http://stat.fi/tup/mikroaineistot/index_en.html. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Data is sent monthly to Eurostat. Tailored tables and data files are provided on request for a fee. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
The documentation on methodology and sources used in preparing statistics is available on the Internet (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/plv). Advance notice is given to the public on the statistics website (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/plv) when major changes are introduced in methodology, sources, and statistical techniques. In the case of major changes, briefings for the main users and press will be organized. In the case of major changes, briefings for the main users and press are also organized. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
The quality of the production is ensured by extensive documentation of the production system and source statistics. The documentation on quality management is available on the Internet (https://www.stat.fi/en/statistics/documentation/plv). Index series are regularly compared to monthly volumes produced in NA. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Monthly follow-up of revisions is available for public within every release and in the StatFin-databank of turnover of service industries. Quality policy SF develops its activities according to the Total Quality Management principles. It has been influenced by, among other things, the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) excellence model, the United Nations’ Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics and Handbook of Statistical Organization, as well as the European Statistics Code of Practice. The quality criteria of OSF are harmonised with the respective criteria of the European Statistical System. Impartiality of statistics Selection of sources, methodology, and modes of dissemination Guidelines for staff behavior |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Quality monitoring |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The information is used for the follow-up and analysis of the development of business statistics in Eurostat, in the European Central Bank, in some international organizations and in Finland's public administration and regional development. |
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
The recommendations given by Eurostat are recognized in ISP production. Co-operation between SF and important users with regard to the relevance of statistics and the users’ needs consists of an extensive feedback system and co-operative working groups with the main users. There are regular meetings of experts in the fields of volume and price indices in SF. Users are usually also invited to participate in discussions concerning the establishment of new statistics or revisions of existing ones. In addition, there are specific feedback systems for receiving the users’ opinions at SF. These systems consist of an anonymous feedback channel on the web, media monitoring, surveys among different user groups for the evaluation SF’s performance, user surveys, and a system for collecting and disseminating information that is strategically important for SF. Specific statistical products conduct their own user surveys and keep in regular contact with their main interest groups. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
All EBS requirements are fulfilled. The turnover indices used in the production of ISP data cover almost all entrepreneurial activity in Finland. The latest index figures may change a little due to data accumulation and changes in business reporting and accuracy of estimation. The measured variable is similar to Eurostat definitions. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Revisions happen in most part due to the revision and lag of source statistics. Data updates over one year backwards. The mean absolute revision of the first estimate (lag of around 45 days) for annual change was 1,5 percentage points (measured in June 2024) in total production of service industries in time period 1-12/2023. For each NACE Section, the mean absolute revision was H Transportation and storage 2,0 % I Accommodation and food service activities 3,4 % J Information and communication 1,2 % L Real estate activities around 1,9 % M (excl. 72,75 and 701) Professional, scientific and technical activities 1,7 % N Administrative and support service activities around 1,9 % |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
The index of services production does not have inquiry of its own. Turnover indices used in the production of ISP are formed from VAT data and from data collected from the sales inquiry. The most recent month's VAT data was introduced in April 2020 in indices published with a one and a half months delay and from the beginning of January 2024, the lag was shortened to around 30 days. In the first sampling, the coverage of the VAT turnover data is on average 40 percent, measured by the turnover of the companies. In the second sampling, the VAT data is almost completely accumulated. The sales inquiry is a cut-off sample and is kept up to date by removing closures and companies whose activity is greatly reduced. The sample is also updated with new and expanding businesses. The sample size has been minimized while still making it possible to achieve adequate coverage in terms of turnover in different industries. The accuracy of the first estimate may be reduced in some industry levels because the development of the large enterprises in the sample may differ from the rest of the population covered by the VAT data. However, due to the cut-off sampling method and the sample being quite fixed within years, the sampling error is not relevant enough to be calculated. The average revision caused by the cut-off sample total turnover of service industries in time period 1-12/2023 was 0,7 % percentage points. The number of the companies in the sample covers 0.1-0.6 per cent depending on the top level of each industry. If measured by turnover, however, the sample covers around 38 per cent of the total turnover in the service sector. The turnover coverage of the sample in the top levels of the service sector goes as follows:
Information on the sampling errors of the price indices used in deflation can be found in their own metadata files. |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
The index of services production does not have inquiry of its own. The first estimates are calculated from a sample. When the first estimates are calculated the size-weighted unit response rate of the total turnover of service industries in time period 1-12/2023 was 96,3 percentage. There is no item non-response. From the beginning of January 2019 time series modelling had been used for helping calculations of the indices at a lag of around 45 days. From the beginning of January 2024, the lag of time series has been shortened to around 30 days. Same modelling methods is being used for the first estimates with the shortened timetable. Time series modelling can also be used for industries in a later period if needed. More information about the used forecast methods is available on the Methodological report. Due to accumulation of the VAT data the indices are revised for over a year. The data will be revised the most in the five latest months after the first publication. The first time (lag of around 30 days) VAT data is received the coverage is approximately 40 per cent and the second time (lag of around 60 days) approximately 99 per cent in terms of business turnover. The turnover used from VAT data does not fully correlate the turnover with the Accounting Act since it may contain for example fixed asset sales, other income and extraordinary items. The data may also contain for example optical reading errors or human errors in filling the forms. Because of the coverage of the data used the statistical method is considered nearly unbiased. The two most recent months in the turnover series are supplemented by an imputation of the missing data. The imputation is conducted on a legal unit level. The imputation may not perform well for the legal units with abnormal observations or when there are significant changes in business cycle. Due to the uncertainty of the used imputation method, there might be occasional revisions in the series at various industry levels. Extrapolation of the most recent months has to be made for some of the price indices because they are not available at the time of the production of ISP. Linear interpolation is used to form monthly price indices from quarterly indices between January 2010 and December 2019. Starting from data for January 2020, monthly price data are used instead. Also, revisions made to input-output tables may case revisions to ISP. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
The monthly publication of indices at NACE 2-digit level are published nationally and disseminated to Eurostat with a delay of around 30 days. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
National publication and Eurostat deliveries were always on time (2023). |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Indices cover the whole country, including the Autonomous Region of Åland, and are comparable geographically. |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Time series all begin in 2010 and are comparable over time. Linear interpolations of the quarterly data of the Producer Price indices for Services are used for deflating turnover between January 2010 and December 2019. Starting from data for January 2020, monthly price data are used instead. The change has no significant effect on the image of economic development in any industry. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
Comparisons are made once a year between the annual data from NA and with SBS data. The index of services production aims to represent the development of the production of the industry and thus it cannot straightforwardly be compared to gross value added in NA and SBS. Sources of differences between statistics are as follows: Separate purposes of use of statistics Calendar year vs. the accounting period Some differences are likely to remain because of differences in statistical units used. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
The time series are internally coherent in time. |
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Restricted from publication |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
Revisions are possible particularly during the first five months after publication. Administrative tax data is monthly for enterprises whose annual turnover is more than EUR 100,000, quarterly for enterprises whose annual turnover is EUR 30,000 - 100,000 and yearly for enterprises whose annual turnover is less than EUR 30,000. The reporting units should file their declarations to the tax authorities within 1 month and 12 days from the end of the reference period. Statistics Finland receives the preliminary VAT data within 20 days after the end of the reference period. The sales inquiry of Statistic Finland collects sales data monthly from the biggest enterprises in each industry. The inquiry starts in the beginning of each month concerning the past month. The first deadline of the inquiry is approximately the 15th day of each month. Timelines of the price indices used in deflation can be found in their own metadata files. All revisions caused by data accumulation or by corrections in/to the data used are applied immediately. The same revision policy is applied nationally and in transmissions to Eurostat. A more detailed explanation can be found here http://www.stat.fi/org/principles/publication-principles-for-statistics/practices-when-changes-are-made-to-statistical-data. Comparisons are made once a year between STS and SBS data. See more in part 15.3 of this metadata report. Classification changes introduce regular revisions and are taken into account once a year on one year delay when the Business register is final for the described year. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
The index of services production does not have inquiry of its own. The first turnover index estimates are calculated from a sample using nowcast models. When the first estimates are calculated, the size-weighted response rate of total turnover of service industries in time period 1-12/2023 was on average 96,3 percent. There is no item non-response. Due to the accumulation of tax data, the turnover indices are revised for over a year. The data will be revised the most in the five latest months after the first publication. The data may also contain, for example, optical reading errors or human errors in filling the forms. Because of the coverage of the data used, the statistical method is considered nearly unbiased. Extrapolation of the most recent months is made for some of the price indices because they are not available in time. Also, revisions made to input-output tables may cause ISP revisions. |
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18.1. Source data | |||
The index of services production does not have inquiry of its own. The turnover indices used in the production of ISP are based on Administrative tax data and are complemented by a statistical survey of the largest enterprises in each industry (cut-off sample). The producer price indices for services used as deflators are composed by NA. They are compiled on product basis, irrespective of the main industry of the enterprise, and describe the price development of services to all end users, Business to All (BtoAll). Imputation is used for the part of the data that is missing. Unit non response is corrected by following one of five simple imputation rules, and imputed values are then included into calculations only when the individual imputation can be considered as reliable. The turnover and price indices used in ISP formation are predicted for the most recent month. In the first sampling, the coverage of the turnover VAT data is on average of 40 percent, measured by the turnover of the companies. In the second sampling, the data is almost completely accumulated. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
The index of services production does not collect data of its own. Administrative tax data is collected monthly for enterprises whose annual turnover is more than EUR 100,000, quarterly for enterprises whose annual turnover is EUR 30,000 - 100,000 and yearly for enterprises whose annual turnover is less than EUR 30,000. The reporting units should file their declarations to the tax authorities within 1 month and 12 days from the end of the reference period. Statistics Finland receives the preliminary VAT data within 20 days after the end of the reference period. Statistics Finland receives the data within 1 month and 20 days after the end of the reference period. The sales inquiry of Statistics Finland collects sales data monthly. The inquiry starts in the beginning of each month concerning the past month. The first deadline of the inquiry is approximately the 15th day of each month. Price data collection is described in its own metadata file. |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
A web questionnaire is used to collect the sales inquiry data. E-mail reminders are sent twice and thereafter the remaining non respondents are contacted by phone. Information of the data collection of the price indices used in deflation can be found in their own metadata files. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
Data validation is done for the source statistics during their own production processes. The production system of the volume indices contains information about the stage of data validation the source statistics are in. Concerning turnover indicators, the production system of volume indices has information whether the turnover indices are ready for publication or not. For securing the quality, price indices are not brought into the system unless they are ready to be published. Once turnover and price indices are available, volume indices are calculated. All the individual time series for each section are visually validated one by one. If the results seem unusual or there are major revisions, the issue is investigated further, and corrections are made if needed. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
Type of index: Data editing: Estimates for non-response: Method of weighting: |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
Gross, working day adjusted, seasonally adjusted and trend series with TRAMO/SEATS-method. The index of services production follows a similar seasonal adjustment template as the index of services turnover (see Annex: Service production metadata template 2023). - Software used is JDemetra+ 2.2.2. Information of seasonal adjustment policies in Statistics Finland is available in a document Seasonal adjustment with the Tramo/Seats method. |
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No comment. |
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Service production metadata template 2023 |