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For any question on data and metadata, please contact: Eurostat user support |
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1.1. Contact organisation | INSEE - French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies - Business Statistics Directorate |
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1.2. Contact organisation unit | Business indices division |
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1.5. Contact mail address | INSEE - DSE / DSCT / Division ICA - Timbre E320 - 88 avenue Verdier - CS 70058 - 92541 Montrouge cedex - FRANCE |
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2.1. Metadata last certified | 16/05/2023 | ||
2.2. Metadata last posted | 15/06/2023 | ||
2.3. Metadata last update | 16/05/2023 |
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3.1. Data description | |||
The Turnover Indices (ICA) in Industry allow the monthly measurement of developments in the value of sales in the sectors concerned, including on the export market. Turnover indices are calculated thanks to administrative data, the CA3 declaration, a form which enterprises must fill in monthly or quarterly for the payment of VAT. |
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3.2. Classification system | |||
Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community rev2 / NACE rev 2 |
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3.3. Coverage - sector | |||
Sections B to E of NACE Rev. 2 2008. |
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3.4. Statistical concepts and definitions | |||
Turnover in industry as defined in European regulation 2019/2152. Turnover comprises the totals invoiced by the observation unit during the reference period, i.e. market sales of goods or services supplied to third parties. Turnover also includes all other charges (transport, packaging, etc.) passed on to the customer, even if these charges are listed separately in the invoice. Turnover excludes VAT and other similar deductible taxes directly linked to turnover as well as all duties and taxes on the goods or services collected by the company. Income classified as other operating income, financial income and extraordinary income in company accounts is excluded from turnover. |
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3.5. Statistical unit | |||
Legal unit |
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3.6. Statistical population | |||
Legal unit of Sections B to C of Nace Rev.2. |
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3.7. Reference area | |||
France |
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3.8. Coverage - Time | |||
All data series transmitted to Eurostat start in January 1999. This applies to both total turnover and turnover by type of market, for all aggregates disseminated. |
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3.9. Base period | |||
Reference year is 2015. |
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Index |
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Month |
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6.1. Institutional Mandate - legal acts and other agreements | |||
At national level Law No. 51-711 of 7 June 1951 on the obligation, coordination and secrecy of statistics. The statistics are based on tax information. Companies have to report their turnover to the tax authorities. At European level Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council on European business statistics (EBS-Regulation) and its General Implementing Act (Regulation (EU) 2020/1197). |
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6.2. Institutional Mandate - data sharing | |||
Under the terms of the agreement between INSEE and the DGFiP (the French tax administration) on the recurrent transmission of tax data, the Dgfip transmits VAT returns to INSEE every month. After data processing, INSEE sends aggregated data to Eurostat every month. |
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7.1. Confidentiality - policy | |||
At the national level, Article 6 of Act No. 51-711 of 7 June 1951, as amended, on the obligation, coordination and secrecy of statistics determines what statistical secrecy is, its limits and the conditions for its application. These rules apply to surveys conducted by the official statistical service (SSP) whether or not they are mandatory. The derogations provided for in this article are governed by the law. As it stands, the only exemptions that remain applicable are those relating to the status of public archives for surveys and censuses, which authorise the disclosure of individual information contained in the questionnaires and relating to personal and family life and, in general, to the information contained in the questionnaires. family life and, in general, to private facts and behaviour, after a period of 75 years for individuals and 25 years for legal entities. According to the Act, this communication may not be used for tax control or economic repression. The obligations relating to statistical confidentiality also apply to administrative data that INSEE or ministerial statistical services may have access to under the terms of Article 7 bis of the aforementioned Act, as well as to private data communicated under the terms of Article 3 bis. under the terms of Article 3 bis of the Act. Generally speaking, with regard to access to public data, confidentiality obligations relating to the protection of privacy or business secrecy and the protection of personal data are guaranteed by Act (Article 1 of the Act for a Digital Republic). At the European level, the confidentiality of statistical information is affirmed by Article 338 of the EU Treaty. < A Statistical Confidentiality Committee ensures that these statutory guarantees are maintained. Its powers are set out in Article 6 bis of Act No. 51-711 of 7 June 1951, as amended, on the obligation, coordination and secrecy of statistics and Chapter II of Decree No. 2009-318 of 20 March 2009 on the National Council for Statistical Information and the Statistical Confidentiality Committee. Statistical Confidentiality Committee. It is called upon to give its opinion on any question relating to statistical secrecy, and gives its opinion on requests for communication of individual data collected by means of a statistical survey or transmitted to the official statistical service, for the purpose of establishing a statistical report. for statistical purposes. Researchers can also ask the committee to give an opinion on access to various administrative data other than public statistics. Chaired by a State Councillor, it includes representatives of the National Assembly and the Senate. The composition and operating procedures of the committee are set by decree in the Council of State. The beneficiaries of data communications resulting from ministerial decisions taken after the opinion of the Statistical Confidentiality Committee undertake not to communicate these data to anyone. Any breach of the provisions of this paragraph shall be punishable by the penalties provided for in Article 226-13 of the Criminal Code. |
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7.2. Confidentiality - data treatment | |||
The main rules for turnover indices are : no dissemination of data if they are based on the compilation of less than 3 enterprises or if a single enterprise represents more than 85 % of the turnover of the field covered by the serie (dominance rule and p% rule). Confidential treatment through TAU ARGUS (software designed to protect statistical tables) and confidential indices are not disseminated. |
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8.1. Release calendar | |||
No later than 60 days after the end of the month under review. |
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8.2. Release calendar access | |||
Not available |
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8.3. Release policy - user access | |||
Internet users can find all the available statistical data free of charge on the INSEE website, as well as the information needed to interpret them correctly. The rules of access, particularly the embargo rules, are described on insee.fr. The transmission to Eurostat is made using the SDMX format, the day of the national release. |
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Monthly |
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10.1. Dissemination format - News release | |||
The latest results are published in the collection << Informations Rapides >>. This collection presents the latest indices and results of INSEE's business indicators. |
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10.2. Dissemination format - Publications | |||
10.3. Dissemination format - online database | |||
The results are available in the indices and time series category of the "services" section on insee.fr. The data can be downloaded in xlsx or csv format. They can also be retrieved via a web service, available on the api.insee.fr portal and compliant with the SDMX standard. |
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10.4. Dissemination format - microdata access | |||
The raw data are made available to researchers via the Secure Data Access Centre (SDAC), subject to the agreement of the Statistical Confidentiality Committee. |
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10.5. Dissemination format - other | |||
Data are transmitted to Eurostat via the Edamis portal both for use in European aggregates and for publication as national data. |
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10.6. Documentation on methodology | |||
Calculation of value indice: The gross turnover indices are calculated at the most detailed level of the French classification of activities : the NAF rev. 2 sub-classes. At this level, the index for month m is calculated by linking the index for month m-12 to the change in turnover between m-12 and m. Business demographics (start-ups, closures, entries and exits, changes in sector of activity) are taken into account on a continuous basis to accurately reflect the economic reality. Restructurings that may affect the sectoral outline of VAT returns are treated separately. The turnover indices change their base and reference every 5 years, except for the next reference year being 2021 in reason of the particularities of year 2020. The indices now published have a base and reference year of 2015. The average value of the indices is 100 in 2015 (previously 100 in 2010). Aggregation to upper levels: The estimation of annual weights is based primarily on output by industry at base prices per branch calculated by the annual national accounts. By definition, output by industry at basic prices excludes taxes on products but includes subsidies on products. It does not include transport services. At the finest levels of the classification, weights are also based on INSEE's Esane statistics (structural business statistics). The 2015 rebasing implements an innovation, with the introduction of a two-weighting system (instead of a constant-weight system) in order to better take into account the structural evolutions. Until now, aggregation of elementary indices was done on the basis of constant weights representing the reference year - i.e. 2010 previously. From now on, 2010 weights are used for the aggregation of elementary indices between 2005 (respectively 1999 for turnover indices) and 2012, whereas 2015 weights are used for the period after. The calculation on the whole period is then achieved by chaining both series (computation of a link coefficient on the year 2013). This change responds to a recommandation of Eurostat in order to increase the robustness of indices over a long period. |
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10.7. Quality management - documentation | |||
This quality report is published on the insee.fr website and is also available via the INSEE Metadata API. It is also transmitted to Eurostat via Edamis. |
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11.1. Quality assurance | |||
Since 2005, the European Statistics Code of Practice has been the reference for assessing the quality of the output of national statistical institutes. Periodic reviews by European peers are organised to ensure that the principles of this reference framework are implemented and to ensure that each institute is committed to continuous improvement. Within this framework, INSEE has adopted a process-based approach. A range of tools, pooled within the Official Statistical Service (SSP), has been created to describe statistical production processes, analyse their strengths and weaknesses, assess the risks involved, examine their documentation (metadata) or assess a particular stage (analysis of users' needs, data validation, etc.). The diagnoses resulting from these << quality approaches >> lead to the establishment of action plans that are regularly monitored in the context of << process reviews >>. In addition, INSEE regularly conducts satisfaction surveys on the indicators and data it produces. The results of these surveys are available on the insee.fr website. |
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11.2. Quality management - assessment | |||
Eurostat requirements are fulfilled and the variables used to calculate the indices are accurate and of good quality. |
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12.1. Relevance - User Needs | |||
The turnover indices and associated volume indices are meant to be used by many clients (i.e. users) including Eurostat, the official statistical service (INSEE and the SSM) and the general public (inseenauts, private or public institutions, media). Different types of products are produced by the team on tunover and volume indices:
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12.2. Relevance - User Satisfaction | |||
This process is not subject to a specific satisfaction survey for external users but internal users are satisfied with the quality and punctuality of indices. |
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12.3. Completeness | |||
This process complies with the regulatory requirements specified in the << Institutional Mandate >> section. |
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13.1. Accuracy - overall | |||
Monthly tax returns cover about 97% of the returns. |
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13.2. Sampling error | |||
not applicable |
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13.3. Non-sampling error | |||
Late responses may lead to small revisions even though there is no particular bias. There are no actions to speed up or increase the response rate as this is a near exhaustive administrative source. Coverage error The indices are calculated on the basis of all monthly VAT returns of enterprises. Legal units declaring annually or quarterly are therefore excluded, but these represent a marginal share in most economic sectors. Businesses that declare VAT on a monthly basis are those that are subject to the normal real tax regime. The coverage rate (share of monthly declarations/total declarations) is over 97%. The indices cover the whole of France, including the overseas departments with the exception of French Guiana and Mayotte, which are not subject to VAT. Measurement error The measurement error is small: this would be due to inaccurate reporting not identified in the data clearance process. Non response error The non-response error is negligible. Processing error The process is robust and uses cross-validations methods. |
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14.1. Timeliness | |||
Results are published 60 days after the end of the reference period. Twenty-four months after the first release, the raw series are final. |
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14.2. Punctuality | |||
Deadlines are respected and data have so far always been published on time. |
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15.1. Comparability - geographical | |||
Methods are comparable to those of other European countries using administrative tax data. They are compliant with the european regulation (EBS). |
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15.2. Comparability - over time | |||
Consistency over time is ensured through the use of stable methods. In the case of methodological changes, or change of base period, past indices are backcast to ensure comparability over time. |
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15.3. Coherence - cross domain | |||
A benchmarking with other STS data, structural data or national accounts can be carried out. In addition, national accountants use turnover indices for quarterly estimates or provisional annual estimates and provide feedback on consistency with past account data. |
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15.4. Coherence - internal | |||
Internal consistency is ensured through the aggregation method. |
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Burden on INSEE: 5,000 hours Companies do not bear any additional burden since the tax data are transmitted by Dgfip to Insee. This transmission is not subject to any financial transaction. |
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17.1. Data revision - policy | |||
The same revision policy is applied to STS data published at national level and transmitted to Eurostat. All revisions are taken into account (routine revisions, major revisions, unscheduled revisions). Routine revisions are mainly due - for raw data - to late respondents. The really late data replace the old forecasts. For the SA-WDA data, there is also the new calculation of the SA-WDA coefficients. These revisions are taken into account monthly. There is no revision calendar. |
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17.2. Data revision - practice | |||
A paragraph dedicated to revisions of variations is published in the << Informations Rapides >>publication. Warnings are also published in this publication and on the insee.fr website when the revisions are major (e.g. revisions after rebasing or changes in methodology). The raw data are final twenty-four months after the first release. The average revision (MR) and the average absolute revision (MAR) are given below for the overall index. They are calculated for the year-on-year growth rates for the calendar adjusted data for the last three full years. • MR = 0,59 • MAR = 0,90 |
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18.1. Source data | |||
The main source data are the monthly tax returns of VAT-registered businesses. |
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18.2. Frequency of data collection | |||
Monthly |
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18.3. Data collection | |||
The monthly VAT returns are provided by Dgfip to INSEE according to the terms defined in the agreement signed between the two parties. |
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18.4. Data validation | |||
The data are validated before being sent to Eurostat. This validation is done in two stages: the checking (and if necessary correction) of individual data and then the checking of the aggregated indices. This second check may lead to further corrections of the individual data. |
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18.5. Data compilation | |||
The elementary (sub-class S) index of the month is calculated by applying the change in turnover (TO) of the companies between the month m and the same month one year before to the index value of the same month one year before: I(m) = I(m-12) * TO(m, S)/TO(m-12, S), S is the sector of legal units (cf. documentation on methodology). Aggregated indices are calculated as Laspeyres indices with a two-weighting system (cf. methodology). |
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18.6. Adjustment | |||
The raw indices are seasonnaly and working-day adjusted (SA-WDA) using the X13 ARIMA program available in JDemetra +. The WD adjustment (trading days, leap year) and the seasonal adjustment decomposition are calculated at the 4-digit level of the NACE Rev. 2. The upper levels are obtained by aggregating the series (indirect method), in the same way as the agregation of raw data. |
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