Agency for statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina 

Business Statistics Sector – Department for Industry and Construction Statistics

Zelenih beretki 26, 71 000 - Sarajevo

Data on industrial turnover index are calculated for the section and division levels of economic activities in accordance with the Classification of Economic Activities of BiH 2010 (hereinafter: KD BiH 2010), for the Main Industrial Groups level (MIGs) and for total Industry, but also for both domestic and non-domestic markets. The data were collected on the basis of monthly survey on industrial turnover (M KPS IND-1). Data for BiH are published at the level of total industry, MIGs and total industrial turnover on domestic and total turnover on non-domestic markets.

• Classification of Economic Activities of BiH 2010 (KD BiH 2010) for enterprises and local units (fully harmonized with all levels of NACE Rev.2).

• Classification of Products and Services of BiH fully harmonized with all 6-digit levels of CPA 2.1.

• More detailed Nomenclature of Industrial Products of BiH (Monthly NIP BiH 2018) – 8 – digit levels, identical to CPA 6-digit levels (KPPD BiH 2010), and contains more detailed breakdowns at national aggregations of PRODCOM List 2010, updated with the EU PRODCOM List 2018
•  Main industrial groupings - MIGs 2009, in compliance with the definitions referred to in the Commission Regulation (EC) 656/2007)

Industrial coverage: An industrial turnover index covers the enterprises and their units employing at least 20 or more persons employed. Also, industrial turnover includes certain small industries with 10 or more persons employed within the industrial sector (sections B and C of the KD BiH 2010 (which is identical to NACE Rev.2)), mainly dealing with printing activities, bakeries, etc.). The units (parts of the enterprises) which perform industrial production (producing industrial products defined under the Monthly Nomenclature of Industrial Products of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2018 – Monthly NIP BiH 2018) and which operate within enterprises classified under the economic activities outside the referenced sections have also been covered. This index is calculated on the basis of the value of the realized turnover and the coverage of the reporting units representing approximately 90% of the value added at the 3-digit level (activity level) according to KD BiH 2010. This covered 1550 reporting units for BiH in the selected sample for 2021.

Coverage by size classes: this survey covers all enterprises, natural and legal persons with at least 20 persons employed within sections B and C in accordance with KD BiH 2010 (NACE Rev.2). Units are selected in the sample by using a cut-off sample. The threshold is lower for some groups of activities (with 10 or more persons employed) where the coverage would be lower than 90% in terms of the value added proportion based on data obtained from the survey for Structural Business Statistics. 

Indices are calculated by aggregating the turnover data obtained in the reference month. It is used to measure the monthly movements of industrial turnover realized by industrial enterprises/industrial local units on domestic and foreign markets. Domestic market turnover indices serve to measure the monthly turnover of sales of industrial products realized by industrial enterprises and/or industrial local units at the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while on the other hand, the industrial turnover indexes at the non-domestic market measure monthly turnover realized by industrial enterprises and/or industrial local units on the non-domestic market, or outside the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

For each enterprise or local unit, the following information is collected for each reference month:

- total revenue from sales (turnover);

- sales revenue (turnover) on the domestic market;

- sales (turnover) on the non-domestic market (export);

Accounting Convention: Industrial turnover realized during the reference (calendar) month. 

Currently, they are harmonised with the new European Business Statistics (EBS) Regulation no. 2019/2152 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 (Variable 140301 - Net turnover (value), Variable 140302 - Domestic net turnover (value), Variable 140303 - Non-domestic net turnover (value)). 

The value of total industrial turnover or sales revenue is the invoiced value of reporting local units for products and services sold during the reference month. It corresponds to the market value of goods and services sold and delivered to third parties on domestic and foreign markets in the reporting month. Value of sales revenue (turnover) includes all transportation and packaging costs as well as taxes on invoiced products and services of reporting units other than value-added tax (VAT). All price reductions, discounts, and the value of returned goods are excluded. Reduced prices, discounts and bonuses granted to customers later (for example at year's end) are also excluded.

Reporting unit: Enterprises and local units

Observation units are companies and local units that carry out industrial production and sell produced industrial products.

Targeted population covers all observation units, i.e. all active enterprises and their local units in sections B and C according to NACE Rev. 2 (KD BiH 2010) and amounts to 6,221 active enterprises and local units based on data available from the Statistical Business Register of BiH, SBR status 30.09.2021. (note: entrepreneurs are not included). Section B includes 252 units, section C includes 5,969 units. Approximately 3,940 enterprises are those with less than 20 employees in B and C sections by NACE Rev. 2, SBR status 30.09.2021.

Approximately 1,540 enterprises and KAUs are covered in the ITI survey based on a chosen cut-off sample by using at least 20 persons employed threshold and in exceptional cases smaller enterprises (with less than 20 persons employed) in order to fulfill criteria 90% of value added on group level of activity. The sample was drawn by using SBR in combination with data from PRODCOM and SBS surveys. 

Whole BiH territory (includes two entities – the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska) and the Brčko District. The turnover of the units located outside the Bosnia and Herzegovina territory is not included. 

Data on industrial turnover for BiH have been produced (by using unique methodology) and published since January 2017 in regular monthly periodicity. The monthly series covers the data since January 2010. They are available in the form of gross indices, calendar and seasonally adjusted indices and trend-cycle indices.

The base period is the average of the previous year (the average of 2021 for the calculation of ITI in 2022). Indices are published on the previous year (chain indices) and calculated to a common base year (2015 = 100) by chain linking. The original series, seasonally adjusted, calendar-adjusted and trend indexes are published in separate files available on web site of the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2015=100).

Indexes and rates of change

The reference period is a calendar month.

• Law on Statistics of BiH (Official Gazette of BiH No. 26/04 and 42/04), as well as laws on statistics of the entity statistical institutions. The Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina is responsible for data collection, data processing and data publishing for the state level (BiH level) as well as for the implementation of methodologies in all three statistical institutions in BiH in a unique way;
• EU legal act in particular the most recent “The legal basis for the short-term statistics is the European Business Statistics (EBS) Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 on 27 November 2019, followed by the Commission Implementing Regulation 2020/1197 laying down technical specifications and arrangements pursuant to the mentioned EBS Regulation (General Implementing Act)
• Multi-annual statistical work programs for BiH (2021 – 2024) and Annual work plans of BiH;
• Strategy for the Development of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina 2030

Data delivery/sharing between the Institutes of Statistics from the entities (Republic of Srpska Institute for Statistics and the Institute of Statistics of the Federation of BiH) and the Agency for Statistics of BiH is regulated by Laws on statistics as well as Agreement on data sharing between all three statistical institutions;

• Data sharing to external users -  state institutions in the country is regulated by Law on Statistics and other laws which regulate the work of state institutions (for example Directorate for Economic Planning of BiH, Ministry of Finance of BiH; Central Bank of BiH, etc.).
• Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat);
• External users – international organizations like UN Statistics Division (UNSD), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), etc. based on their requests and/or agreements signed;

Other users (students, academic community, individual users, etc. in accordance with special procedures defined by the Agency together with the individual agreements signed).

Confidentiality of statistical data has been regulated by law, and personnel conducting statistical surveys are obliged, under the same legislation, to protect confidentiality.  The Law on Statistics of BiH (Official Gazette of BIH 26/04 and 42/04 - Chapter XI - Articles 23-29) sets forth the principle of confidentiality as one of the main principles.  The Agency of Statistics of BiH distributes statistics in accordance with the principles of the European Statistics Code of Practice, and especially with the principle of statistical confidentiality.

The document titled “Book of Rules on Protection of Statistical Data in the Agency for Statistics” contains the procedure to secure confidentiality during data gathering, processing and dissemination - which includes protocols securing individual data to which access is allowed, rules defining confidential cells in the output tables and procedures for detection and prevention of subsequent disclosures, as well access to micro-data for the survey purposes.

Confidential data are not published and the minimum number of units for which data should be kept confidential in practice is less than three. In the case of ITI, this rule is not relevant because indices are only published.

The release calendar for Statistical Press Releases in BiH is published in advance for the entire year and it contains detailed information about all publications planned to be published. In December every year, the Agency for Statistics of BIH publishes on a website a calendar with accurate dates and time of publication of statistics for the next year.  The calendar is published on the website in four language versions (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian and English languages) and in pdf format. The deadline for publishing ITI – is 30^th day of a month for the previous (reference) month (for example, 30^th April for the March as reference month).

Release calendar for Statistical Press Releases in BiH for 2022 is available on the following link: https://bhas.gov.ba/Calendar/ 

All publications are published in accordance with the defined release calendar on exactly the specified date, at 11 o’clock, on the Agency’s website.  If the publishing of the press release will be delayed, the relevant information shall be posted on the website and a new date/time shall be announced.  All publications intended for users are available in 4 languages, that is, 3 local languages plus an English version.  Users shall not have access to new data prior to their official publication on the Agency’s website, nor is it possible for them to be granted access to data earlier. The principle that all users should have equal access to statistical data on an unbiased base is stipulated in Article 8, paragraph (2), subparagraph h) and Article 19, paragraph (2) of the Law on Statistics of BiH, and the Agency for statistics of BiH strictly comply with it in practice. Data are also transmitted to Eurostat, immediately after the publication for Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Agency's website.

The index of industrial turnover in BiH (ITI) is disseminated monthly.

Press releases of the ITI are published on 30^th of the current month for the previous month, in accordance with the defined dates of publishing in the Release calendar, at 11 o’clock, on the Agency’s website: https://bhas.gov.ba/Calendar/ in pdf format and also as a hard copy, upon request.  The following press releases are hereby published:

 -  Index of industrial turnover in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the month of ___ of the current year. 
https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2023/IND_04_2022_12_1_BS.pdf

Indices are presented as gross, calendar and seasonally adjusted as well as trend-cycle series for BiH for the Total Industry, MIGs, and industrial turnover indices for the domestic and non-domestic markets.

-  BiH in figures – Section “Industry” https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Bilteni/2023/NUM_00_2022_TB_1_EN.pdf

Online database in Excel is available at the following link: https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/VremenskeSerije/IND_02.xls

Micro-data is not disseminated and users have no access to them.

Data are transmitted to Eurostat which also publishes data for Bosnia and Herzegovina on its website.

Methodological explanations are available at the end of every ITI press release which is available on the Agency’s website:

https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Saopstenja/2023/IND_04_2022_12_1_BS.pdf

Development of the Quality Report is in progress.

The Agency for Statistics of BiH (BHAS) follows the recommendations for quality management provided in the European Statistics Code of Practice (CoP) and implements the guidelines provided in the European Statistics System Quality Assurance Framework (QAF).  More details about quality assurance and all procedures describing the BHAS’s quality policy are contained in the document:  BHAS Quality management policy and mechanisms available at website:

http://bhas.gov.ba/Content/Read/92?title=Kvalitet&lang=en

ITI importance is primarily relevant to domestic and international users in terms of the country economy quality assessment and it serves for GDP measurement in the National Accounts Statistics (internally).  Data on ITI are primarily the result of conducting the survey for which is received a high response rate from the reporting units, as well as consistency of data provided through monthly surveys.  ITI is calculated and published for BiH and transmitted to Eurostat in accordance with the methodology applied by all three statistics institutions in BiH in a harmonized manner.  Data are published on a regular monthly basis, accurately and on the same date, and are available to the users. ITI is also EU and internationally comparable because it is developed in accordance with the EU and international concepts, definitions and classifications.  Also, it is comparable from the time distance and frequency of publishing, and it is comparable with other surveys, with SBS, PRODCOM and National Accounts in particular.

Key users of the statistical survey data are:

- International main users: Eurostat, IMF, UN/UNECE, OECD, WB

- National main users: Directorate for Economic Planning of BiH with the Council of Ministers of BiH, Foreign Trade Chamber of BiH, Central Bank of BiH, Ministry of Finance of BiH, other bodies and institutions of the Government

-  Other users: business entities – enterprises, association of employers, researchers and students, media and general public.

Internally, these data are used for the National Account statistics for production of the Gross Domestic Product and for comparisons and controls in the Structural and Short-term Business Statistics. 

The Agency for Statistics of BiH is conducting a user satisfaction survey, carried out in 2020. This survey is conducted in 3-annual periodicity.  A total of 242 users were asked to respond to the questionnaire and 107 users provided their responses. Most interviewees visit the internet site and use the Agency’s statistical data occasionally (37.0%) or monthly (24.0%), at the same time, our website is daily visited by 7.0% of interviewees. Most interviewees are interested in the statistical field of population statistics (64.0%), employment and salaries (56.0%). Report on the survey conducted is posted on the Agency’s website and is available to the users:

https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Dokumenti/Kvalitet/AZK2020_BS.pdf

Users’ main needs for data pertaining to the website notification format. Namely, for the purpose of easier data management and analysis, pdf format of the notification does not suit the users’ needs and efforts are being made for Excel tables to also be posted.

The industrial turnover index in BiH is an important primary source of data to a large number of relevant authorities which are decision-makers for the public and private sectors. For example:
• enables the BiH authorities to prepare themselves for bilateral and multilateral negotiations within trade agreements,

• forms an important source of information for the Balance of Payments and National Accounts statistics and for economics studies,

• helps enterprises to conduct market surveys and develop their business strategy. 

Having in mind the requirements of EBS Regulation No 2019/2152 concerning the level of details for the ITI as well as length of time series, all these requirements have been met. Time series are available since January 2010 based on NACE Rev.2 (KD BiH 2010) for the Total Industry, MIGs and sections of activities, for the domestic and non-domestic markets also. The level of details for ITI time series is in line with the new European Business Statistics (EBS) Regulation no. 2019/2152 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1197 (Variable 140301 - Net turnover (value), Variable 140302 - Domestic net turnover (value), Variable 140303 - Non-domestic net turnover (value)).  

Considering a very high response rate, about 98%, overall accuracy is very good.  For all reporting units included in the sample, data must be completed before data compilation (reporting units are re-called or visited and, if even after re-calling it is not possible to obtain data from them, imputation shall be applied).  The exclusion of small enterprises shall not lead to an important bias in the series

There is no estimation available, nor has the sampling error been assessed, because it is very difficult to calculate it.  ITI results are calculated on volume data by applying cut-off sampling

For this statistics, coverage has been analyzed annually and is made for the next year based on such analyses.  It is not possible to quantify the coverage error because it concerns a sample that is not based on probability (random sampling).  Considering a high response rate (approximately 98%), there is a small number of enterprises (small-sized mainly), approximately 2% of them, which do not provide their answers (unit non-response).  In the case of unit non-response, the following imputation methods shall be applied:  Based on data from the previous month or based on data on the turnover trend of the most similar units.  In the case of non-response to certain items in the questionnaire (item non-response), reporting units shall be contacted by phone, until responses are obtained.  Data are verified through logical and mathematical controls during data entry process and after entering data into the IT application.  A sample of a large number of small businesses (less than 20 persons employed) was not applied because of the reporting units’ excessive workload and the high costs of the survey.

Micro data are checked automatically during the data entry into IT application with applying numerical and logical checking controls as well as comparing data with data provided for the previous month). For each enterprise data are compared with the previous month, the same month of the previous year in order to find possible discrepancies. For the Entity territories, data are controlled by the Entity Institute/Office for Statistics, while for the territory of the Brčko District, the control is performed by the Agency for Statistics of BiH.

For the aggregated data, checking is done by different persons, firstly by persons directly involved in the calculation of indices and then by their head responsible for ITI. A lot of tables are prepared in Excel every month in order to check the data for each particular Entity and then to check the data/indices calculated for the BiH level. 

Data collection has been done in a monthly frequency. Reporting units have the deadline for data delivery 15^th in the month for the previous (reference) month. Eventually, two more days are available for re-calling of reporting units which didn’t deliver the data in order to get the data from all surveyed reporting units. The deadline for data publishing is T+30 days (for the level of BiH) for the Preliminary results. Preliminary results shall become final on the date of publication of the press release for the next month

There is no difference between the announced and actual date of the publication (according to the Release Calendar).  All 12 press releases of the monthly surveys on ITI are published on the date of publication as foreseen in the Release Calendar

Considering that the ITI results are published in accordance with the EBS Regulation 2019/2152, the results are comparable with those of other countries (EU Member States primarily) which apply this Regulation, methodology, and relevant classifications.

The industrial turnover index for BiH has been calculated and published since January 2017 in monthly periodicity by using the NACE Rev.2 classification at the total industry level and MIGs, and the level of total domestic and total non-domestic markets.

Starting from 2018, all ITI series calculated on the base year 2010 (2010 = 100) are converted to the new base year 2015 (2015 = 100) to ensure comparability over time.

Consistency with the annual industrial turnover indicators is achieved with:

- the annual PRODCOM survey in which data have been collected from a larger number of reporting units (cut-off sample of reporting units – enterprises and KAUs with at least 10 persons employed), by using the NIP BIH/PRODCOM classification which is annually updated with the official PRODCOM List.  Currently, NIP BiH/PRODCOM 2021 is using EU PRODCOM List 2021. Monthly industrial turnover data are consistent with PRODCOM survey results (Sales value of products and services variable). 

- SBS survey data. SBS survey results are used for comparison of results at the annual level and for calculation of weighting structure at the group level (3-digit) level, divisions, sections and MIGs levels by NACE Rev.2 (KD BiH 2010). Consistency of ITI data with the SBS and PRODCOM survey data is verified every year

Approximately, it is also possible to compare this survey data with the National accounts and, in most cases, data are consistent. The Laspeyres index which is annually linked through the chain-linking is used for the calculation of the ITI BiH.  Higher levels of ITIs are annually linked by using annual overlapping, that is, an annual average of the year t-1.  ITI is calculated by applying the chain-linking method for the levels of the classes, groups, divisions, sections of economic activities, and also for the level of the Main Industrial Groupings (MIGs) as well as the total level of NACE Rev.2 Classifications (KD BiH 2010). Also, indices are calculated for domestic and non-domestic markets.

Seasonally adjusted ITI data for BiH were obtained by using the TRAMO-SEATS method based on the ARIMA model and by using JDemetra+ software. Seasonal and calendar adjustments have been obtained for the level of total industry, sections and MIGs, both for domestic and non-domestic markets, which are coherent with data from the original (gross).

Currently, data on industrial turnover used for ITI calculation are collected by using paper questionnaires which requires a lot of money and human resources. Data are collected by three statistical institutions: Republic of Srpska Institute of Statistics for the territory of Republika Srpska, Federal Institute of Statistics of FBIH for the territory of Federation of BIH and the Agency for Statistics of BiH for the Brcko District of BiH territory. Approximately, 23 people are involved in data collection process and data compilation process on an annual basis in full-time equivalent. In addition, one IT expert per institution is responsible for the development and maintenance of IT application (30% of their working time). All three statistical institutions have very high costs of printing the questionnaires, postal and telephone costs.

The response burden is not very high, with approximately 25 minutes for fulfilling the questionnaires per respondent.

There is no official revision policy adopted by the Agency for statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the case of an error, wherein the corrected data shall be marked as "corrected data" and accompanied by an explanation to all users of the reasons for the data correction. This is published in official publication as well as on the web site of the Agency. The same revision is applied both to data released nationally and to data transmitted to Eurostat

Usually, big revisions are done in a way that representatives of all three statistical institutions have to discuss together and agree about new proposed Statistical Standards/methodologies which will require data revision. Main changes in the methodology, a change of the base year and similar shall be published on the Agency’s website.  All methodology changes are thoroughly explained in the Press release, in section Methodological notes.

Data revision, occurred by publishing seasonally adjusted data for the previous months, is not published to users, except in the Methodological notes in ITI Press release. These notes contain a description of applied method of seasonal adjustment (the scope of the data revision incurred by applying seasonal adjustment are not measured). Corrections of Press releases resulting from errors shall be published automatically by releasing a revised/corrected Press release including a note and explanation to users concerning the reason of the revision/correction. ITI data are published every month for the previous (reference) month as preliminary data, including a note that, when publishing ITI data for the next month, preliminary ITI data from the previous month shall become final.  ITI is published on the 30^th day of a month, unless the 30^th day falls on a non-working day or weekend days.  In such a case, ITI data shall be published on the first working day to follow, as defined in the Release Calendar. Regarding the level of revision, gross (unadjusted) and calendar adjusted indices are revised rarely with minor changes in level of indices in last 36 months. Seasonally adjusted indices are regularly monthly revised due to seasonal effect with no significant influence on level of revision. Agency for statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina doesn't calculate quantitative indicators of revisions yet.   

Mean Revision (MR) and Mean Absolute Revision (MAR) and are used as revision indicators. They are calculated on year-on-year growth rates for original data. The calculated values for the last 36 months monthly ITI are: MR= 0.004 and MAR=0.082.

Monthly statistical survey: Monthly survey on Industrial Production (M KPS IND-1) is the main data source for ITI calculation, which is conducted in a traditional way by sending out paper questionnaires to the field by mail. The survey covers approximately 90% of the total Value Added of the industry on 3-digit levels of NACE Rev.2 (KD BiH 2010). 

Data collection frequency is monthly, with deadlines 15^th day in the current month for the previous (reference) month during 2022.

ITI data for BiH are collected through the monthly M KPS IND-1 statistical survey conducted by mail and using paper questionnaires. Data are collected by cantonal/regional offices of the Entities – for the Entity level and through the Brčko District Branch Office of the Agency for statistics of BiH for the territory of the Brčko District

The Entity Institutes/Offices for Statistics perform entry and validation of data for their Entity territory, while the Agency performs that for the territory of the Brčko District.  The Entity Institutes/Offices provide the Agency with all data required for the ITI compilation at the BiH level, in agreed formats.

Data cross-checking controls are applied. If “Suspicious” data are found, they are sent back to the Entity statistical institutions for checking and verification.  The Entity Institutes/Offices for Statistics recheck data and, if required, a phone call-back procedure is applied or pays a visit to them, if it is necessary.  This is a standard procedure that has been applied for a long period of time, enabling the Industry Statistics departments to obtain data of good quality.  Data validation is done automatically by applying predefined data controls through IT applications. The validation process includes the following: cross-cutting, comparison with previous data sets, etc.  Afterwards, indices are produced and results are also cross-checked with historical data.  All verifications are performed through the IT application for Industry.  For the data transmission to Eurostat, a file format has been developed in IT application. A new SDMX-ML format is used for data transmission to Eurostat. No validation controls and checking are applied to this file because the national validation rules have already been applied. No validation controls and checking are applied to this file because the national validation rules have already been applied.  

ITI for BiH is the Laspeyres chain index that is obtained by using annual overlap. The previous year's average is used as a chain and base period. As weights for calculating ITI, we use the share of turnover (sales) from the SBS survey, but also the PRODCOM survey to verify data consistency. Chain linkage is done by aggregation levels, namely: class, group, division, section, MIGs and total Industry according to NACE Rev.2 classification (KD BiH 2010) both for domestic and foreign markets. The turnover data (for domestic and non-domestic markets) are aggregated from the class level to the group level for which ITI is calculated as the first index (for the domestic and non-domestic markets), then the ITI indexes of larger aggregation levels are calculated by multiplying the group index with corresponding weights (share of group turnover value in the relevant division), both for the domestic and non-domestic markets and thus for the section level, the MIGs and the total domestic and non-domestic markets. For the total market, at all aggregation levels, ITI is calculated by multiplying the ITI indexes of the domestic and ITI non-domestic market indexes with corresponding weights (share of these markets in the overall market). MIGs indices are calculated in the same way. The share (weights) of turnover values ​​for 2020 was calculated using the latest available SBS data and corrected for the available PRODCOM results. The share for the domestic and non-domestic markets is obtained from PRODCOM survey data.

Seasonal adjustment of gross ITIs has been done by using an automated model through software JDemetra+, version 2.2.3 and TRAMO/SEATS methods (regression method), which are based on the ARIMA models, and indices are published as gross, seasonally and calendar adjusted and trend indices. The direct method is used in the Entity statistical institutes while for the BiH level, adjusted indices from the entities are used and multiplied with fixed weights over five years (share of each Entity in the total BiH value).

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