Protection of the ozone layer

Results achieved at EU level and ongoing efforts

The EU and its Member States have been ambitious in putting in place solutions to the problems caused by ozone-depleting substances (ODS), often going beyond the requirements of the Montreal Protocol. An early phase-out of CFCs, HCFCs, methyl bromide and other ODS have contributed significantly to the global phase out of the worst ozone depleting substances. The EU will continue to be at the forefront in negotiating a strengthened framework in light of the latest scientific knowledge.

At EU level Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the corresponding legal instrument. The provisions of this regulation are stricter than the Montreal Protocol. They set out controls for the production, trade, use, and recovery of ozone-depleting substances. They include detailed reporting requirements for these substances and a legal basis for inspections and penalties and the inclusion of new substances into the control scheme whilst bringing the phase out dates for certain uses and substances even more forward than in previous EU regulations.

The regulation includes an electronic licensing system for imports and exports of ODS, which also serves to prevent the illegal trade in ozone-depleting chemicals.

The EU legislation has not only been very effective in controlling ozone depleting substances but also acted as a driver for the development of innovative technologies such as the development of methyl bromide alternatives, new blowing agents for insulation foam, CFC-free metered dose inhalers for the treatment of asthma, and the creation of innovative fire fighting systems on board ships and airplanes which do not use halons.

Although most ODS are no longer produced and used in new equipment, thousands of tonnes of these substances are contained in existing equipment and buildings. In many cases, it is possible to recover and dispose of these “banks” of chemicals in a safe manner. This will require the recovery systems that have been developed in certain countries to be applied more widely and appropriate incentives to be put in place. Such actions will prevent the release of these chemicals into the atmosphere and avoid significant environmental damage that would reverse much of the good work done so far. Also, countries and customs authorities must make greater efforts in working together to prevent illegal trade and to close their borders for smugglers.