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    <title>Science for Environment Policy: Mobility</title>
    <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/index_en.htm</link>
    <description>Science for Environment Policy Mobility news feed</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
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      <title>Science for Environment Policy: Mobility</title>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/index_en.htm</link>
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      <title>Probability of rapid increase in trans-Arctic shipping routes is confirmed</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 May 2013 12:12:58 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/328na2rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New research on climate-driven reductions in Arctic sea ice has predicted that, by 2040 to 2059, new shipping routes will become passable across the Arctic, linking the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. An increase in traffic has implications for the ecosystems of this fragile area.

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      <title>Long-term exposure to railway noise linked to reduced cognitive performance</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 2 May 2013 12:55:31 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/326na2rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Residents living near a busy railway line in Strasbourg were found by researchers to have reduced cognitive function compared to residents in quieter areas, which may be the result of long-term exposure to night-time noise. Psychological tests suggested that they had not adapted to the noise over the years, and they did not become less affected with time.]]></description>
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      <title>Tourist cruise ships increase atmospheric pollution in the Arctic</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2013 12:05:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/322na4rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Levels of air pollution significantly increase on the island of Svalbard in the Norwegian Arctic when tourist cruise ships are present, according to a recent study. With shipping levels rising in the region, the researchers recommend that stricter emissions regulations are introduced in order to limit the impact of pollution on the Arctic environment. ]]></description>
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      <title>Ocean acidification reduces fishes' ability to respond to sound  </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 7 Mar 2013 12:54:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/320na2rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Researchers have found that ocean acidification leads to changes in the ways that clownfish normally respond to sound. As many species rely on hearing for orientation, habitat selection, avoiding predators and communication, ocean acidification could compromise auditory behaviour crucial for survival.

]]></description>
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      <title>Europe makes tentative progress in reducing transport’s environmental impact</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2013 11:51:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/318na3rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new report indicates that some progress has been made towards meeting key sustainable transport targets, but challenges remain. Improvements in passenger vehicle efficiency has led to reductions in emissions, however, reductions in oil consumption are not sufficient to meet targets, with more policy initiatives and continued monitoring needed to ensure that sustainability goals are achieved.

]]></description>
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      <title>Air traffic management to balance CO2 emissions and noise pollution</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 Jan 2013 12:01:52 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/314na1rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Speed constraints for aircraft are put in place,  at some airports, to minimise noise pollution in local areas, however, such practices can be very fuel-inefficient. New research has now shown that relaxing departure speed limits could substantially reduce CO2 emissions, while maintaining acceptable noise levels.]]></description>
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      <title>New generation diesel cars are likely to exceed emissions standards on the road</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 10 Jan 2013 10:25:21 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/312na4rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[More Europeans are driving diesel cars, with important implications for vehicle emissions. A new study suggests that diesel cars may emit nitrogen oxides (NOx) at levels far higher than emissions standards, even when considering the newest generation of diesel cars. Part of the problem is that tests of vehicle emissions in the laboratory do not accurately reflect on-road emissions.]]></description>
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      <title>Low emission zones may need complementary local traffic policies</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Dec 2012 11:01:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/311na4rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Low emission zones (LEZs) that restrict old vehicles in city centres may need implementation in combination with other traffic policies to have greater impacts on air quality, according to new research. A study that measured emission levels before and after the introduction of LEZs in five Dutch cities indicated that air pollution concentrations were reduced but not to a statisticallyl significant level.]]></description>
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      <title>EU ship emissions directive improves air quality in harbours</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Nov 2012 11:37:15 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/308na5rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[To reduce air pollution levels in harbours, EU Directive 2005/33/EC requires all anchored ships to use fuels with low sulphur content. A recent study of air quality in Mediterranean harbours shows that levels of sulphur dioxide have decreased significantly since the Directive was implemented in 2010.  ]]></description>
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      <title>What makes railway noise annoying? Research investigates</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2012 13:11:06 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/308na4rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new study into the impact of railway noise has revealed that it is not just the level of noise that contributes to annoyance for local residents, but also the number of trains and the vibrations they cause. As railway transport is likely to increase in coming years, plans are needed to reduce these effects.]]></description>
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      <title>Links between obesity, physical activity, transport and CO2 emissions</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 7 Nov 2012 14:58:37 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/304na4rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new UK study suggests that there are associations between obesity, physical activity, and levels of CO2 emissions from transport. These associations seem mostly to reflect the fact that obese people tend to travel longer distances by motorised forms of travel. They may also partly reflect less ‘active travel’ by bicycle or walking by obese people.]]></description>
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      <title>Greening the commute to work: best practices from company mobility policies identified </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 20 Sep 2012 12:07:36 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/298na2rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Many workplaces have developed mobility policies to reduce the number of staff commuting to work using single occupant vehicles (SOVs). A new study from Belgium reveals how companies can influence their employees' choice of transport to work and looks at the best ways to promote alternative means of commuting.]]></description>
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      <title>Developments in offshore wind industry highlighted </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 6 Sep 2012 11:47:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/296na3rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The energy output from offshore wind power has increased dramatically in recent years, and the costs of wind power are expected to fall, according to a recent analysis. The study reviews the global offshore wind sector, outlining the market’s current situation, costs and technology.]]></description>
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      <title>GHG policy should cover 'upstream' electric vehicle emissions</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Jul 2012 14:39:27 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/292na1rss.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Regulators should establish a process to consider the full lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electric vehicles, according to a new US study. This would help ensure that vehicle emissions regulations are placed on a sound scientific basis, manufacturers continue to improve the efficiency of electric vehicles, and the full benefit of regulations to limit GHG emissions from vehicles are realised, say the researchers.]]></description>
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      <title>Fuel options for greening public transport compared</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 24 May 2012 15:25:46 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/285na1.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A recent assessment of fuels used in public transport in Kaunas, Lithuania, has found that buses powered with locally-produced biogas and trolleybuses powered with electricity generated from natural gas cause the least environmental damage for the city.]]></description>
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      <title>Benefits to leaving the car at home quantified</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Feb 2012 14:17:49 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/274na5.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Relying less on cars and switching to walking and cycling improves both our health and the environment. A recent study quantifies these benefits in financial terms to inform active transport projects and policies. It demonstrates how benefits from increased physical activity outweigh any costs of increased exposure to air pollution. ]]></description>
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      <title>Light-duty vehicles exceed EU emissions limits during on-road driving</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:09:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/266na5.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The nitrogen dioxides (NOX) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of some light-duty petrol and diesel vehicles are higher during on-road driving than during standard laboratory tests, according to a new study. This means that in normal on-road driving, light-duty vehicles, which include passenger cars and light commercial vehicles, may exceed European emissions limits and could be having a greater impact on urban air quality than previously thought.]]></description>
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      <title>‘Effective mesh density’: a useful measure of landscape fragmentation</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 1 Dec 2011 15:21:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/264na2.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Transport infrastructure and urban sprawl are increasingly dividing up landscapes in Europe, threatening wildlife. A new report has quantified landscape fragmentation across 28 European countries. To prevent further negative environmental impacts, it recommends protecting unfragmented areas, monitoring fragmentation and applying fragmentation analysis in planning.]]></description>
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      <title>Environmental impacts of electric vehicle batteries weighed up</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 2011 16:24:26 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/257na2.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A recent study has assessed the lifecycle environmental impact during the production and use phase of three battery types for plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and full performance battery electric vehicles (BEV). The study indicates that newer lithium-ion (Li-ion) technologies outperform current nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries and identifies processes contributing to 13 environmental impacts.

]]></description>
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      <title>Fuel economy not the only influence on fuel consumption</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 May 2011 12:28:27 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/239na5.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Vehicle fuel economy has markedly improved, but there are other factors that influence fuel consumption and transport emissions, according to new research on the EU, USA and Japan. Changes in vehicle size and power also play a role indicating that, if fuel prices do not keep rising, policy focus may need to shift to managing vehicle use. ]]></description>
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      <title>Banning night flights could produce large financial savings</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 17 Mar 2011 11:09:10 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/233na5.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New research on a major UK airport (Heathrow) has estimated that a night-time ban on flights could produce up to £860 million (1 billion euros) in financial savings over a 20 year period. Economic costs caused by the ban could be outweighed by savings from reduced health costs of sleep disturbance and stress caused by the noise of night flights.]]></description>
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      <title>Survey explores what public really want from public transport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:30:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/226na2.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New research has explored public expectations of public transport. Surveys of Spanish citizens revealed that existing bus users have different expectations of transport quality compared to non- or “potential” users. The results may help to inform future public transport policy and campaigns which encourage more people to use public transport.]]></description>
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      <title>Do strict speed limits really reduce traffic emissions?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Jan 2011 14:30:18 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/226na5.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Environmental policy makers increasingly rely on computer models to test traffic policies. Researchers have investigated the impact of reducing speed limits on traffic emissions using two different models, but the models produced some contradictory results.  The researchers therefore warn policy makers to interpret model results very carefully and to avoid relying on simple 'macroscopic' models.]]></description>
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      <title>Policy, not market alone, must dictate future transport emissions</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Jan 2011 13:14:42 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/224na2.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Existing technologies could reduce emissions of CO2 and air pollutants from land transport by almost a third. But, reductions will not be delivered through markets alone, according to a recent assessment, particularly for CO2. The researchers argue that strong policy interventions will be essential to mitigating climate change caused by emissions from land transport.]]></description>
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      <title>The future of fuel cells in civil aircraft?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 9 Dec 2010 11:44:09 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/221na1.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Fuel cells could have several efficiency-enhancing applications in civil aircraft according to new tests in the laboratory and on research aircraft. As well as providing auxiliary and emergency power, the by-products of fuel cells could have useful applications, for example, the water produced could be used for toilets and cooling.]]></description>
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      <title>RSS Feed survey - please tell us your thoughts on our RSS feeds</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Nov 2010 13:30:05 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/VMHTCLQ</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Do you find the Science for Environment Policy RSS feeds useful? Could they be improved? We would be grateful if you could spare a few moments to provide some feedback on the feeds with our short online survey for subscribers:<a href="http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/VMHTCLQ">http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/VMHTCLQ</a>. Thank you for your time.]]></description>
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      <title>Improving the environmental performance of cars</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Oct 2010 13:50:42 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/215na6.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New research has compared life cycle environmental impacts of new petrol and diesel cars and highlighted options for improvement. It indicates that the greatest improvements are achievable through more efficient power trains and lightweight cars. However, these technological solutions come at a financial cost whereas other improvement options, such as behavioural changes, provide a win-win solution.]]></description>
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      <title>Global footprint of commercial aviation emissions</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Sep 2010 11:49:39 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/209na4.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New research has estimated the global footprint of emissions from commercial aircraft. In 2006 nearly 190 million tonnes of fuel were burnt and 162 million tonnes of carbon from CO2 were emitted. The vast majority of the fuel was burned in the Northern hemisphere and half the emissions were over the US, Europe and East Asia. ]]></description>
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      <title>How to increase bicycle use: key policies identified</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Jul 2010 11:40:12 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/205na1.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Researchers have identified policies in Denmark, Germany and The Netherlands that have made cycling safe, convenient and mainstream in these countries. Coordinated transport, educational and land use measures have increased the popularity of this sustainable mode of transport over recent decades.]]></description>
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      <title>Cyclists inhale high levels of traffic pollution</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jul 2010 12:05:08 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/204na6.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One of the benefits of cycling is improved physical health. However, recent research suggests that cyclists inhale more air pollutants than motorists in traffic, mainly due to faster, deeper breathing. This suggests that town planners should carefully consider cycle routes.]]></description>
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      <title>Predicting effects of electric vehicles on the electricity grid</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 8 Jul 2010 15:01:43 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/203na1.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Recent research suggests that increasing the number of private electric vehicles would have very little impact on electricity consumption in Milan, Italy. However, unless there are suitable regulations, the daily demand for power to recharge the vehicles at peak times could overload the capacity of the electric supply system.]]></description>
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      <title>Technological advances in transport need policy back-up</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 3 Jun 2010 11:58:32 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/198na2.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The environmental benefits of cleaner, more efficient transport may be offset by increasing distances travelled by passengers and goods, according to a new report by the European Environmental Agency (EEA). The report suggests that technology needs to go hand-in-hand with a policy package that improves, avoids and shifts transport emissions.]]></description>
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      <title>What is the best 'school run' for the environment?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 14:32:15 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/188na5.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[New research indicates that educational policies can affect the environmental, health and financial impacts of school commuting.  It found that the most effective school-enrolment policy for reducing traffic emissions is to send children to the school closest to where they live.]]></description>
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      <title>A hydrogen future: clean and cool?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Feb 2010 16:39:46 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/185na2.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new study suggests that widespread adoption of hydrogen fuel could have major benefits for tackling climate change and air pollution. The researchers modelled the impacts of replacing petrol with hydrogen as a fuel for cars and claim their methods, which employ a new modelling tool, could be useful in planning and policymaking. ]]></description>
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      <title>Modelling marine exhaust emissions in the Baltic Sea</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Feb 2010 16:17:16 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/184na6.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new tool used to investigate exhaust emissions of marine vessels has been developed and applied to shipping in the Baltic Sea.]]></description>
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      <title>Sustainable transport survey identifies five types of travellers</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 28 Jan 2010 14:02:25 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/182na2.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A new study of attitudes towards transport and mobility has identified five groups of travellers. The groups differ significantly in their choice of transport, distance travelled and the impact their transport choices have on the environment in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.]]></description>
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      <title>New model for estimating ship emissions to guide policy</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 21 Jan 2010 12:59:56 GMT</pubDate>
      <link>http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/181na1.pdf</link>
      <description><![CDATA[EU-supported research has established a new model to calculate air pollution emissions from ships. Its calculations could create a database that lists emissions per ship type and size as well as by country. ]]></description>
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