Environmental information resources - Stakeholder/public engagement

Title

Greening regions  : the effect of social entrepreneurship, co-decision and co-creation on the embrace of good sustainable development practices

Reference

DOI:10.1080/09640568.2012.657298

Author(s)

Jose M. Barrutia & Carmen Echebarria

Study type

Peer Review Journal    

Abstract

Adoption of Local Agenda 21 (LA21) in Europe has been very uneven. However, the embrace (or eager adoption) of LA21-like tools by local governments is usually considered as a requisite to achieve the sustainable development (SD) global aims. This research analyses a successful networking practice in the Basque Country (BC) over an 8-year period in order to identify the main dimensions that explain the embrace of LA21 by Local Governments (LGs). The Basque experience is studied using a qualitative and a quantitative approach. Results show that the factors of entrepreneurial presence (at the regional and local levels), co-decision and co-creation have an effect on local government embrace of the LA21. We also study the motivational mechanisms underlying co-decision and co-creation.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

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http://www.tandfonline.com.ezproxy.uwe.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1080/09640568.2012.657298
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josemaria.barrutia@ehu.es
jose.barrutia@sant.ox.ac.uk

Title

Spatiotemporal Variation in Avian Migration Phenology: Citizen Science Reveals Effects of Climate Change

Reference

PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (2): e31662
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031662

Author(s)

Allen H. Hurlbert, Zhongfei Liang

Study type

Peer Review Journal    

Abstract

A growing number of studies have documented shifts in avian migratory phenology in response to climate change, and yet there is a large amount of unexplained variation in the magnitude of those responses across species and geographic regions. We use a database of citizen science bird observations to explore spatiotemporal variation in mean arrival dates across an unprecedented geographic extent for 18 common species in North America over the past decade, relating arrival dates to mean minimum spring temperature. Across all species and geographic locations, species shifted arrival dates 0.8 days earlier for every °C of warming of spring temperature, but it was common for some species in some locations to shift as much as 3–6 days earlier per °C. Species that advanced arrival dates the earliest in response to warming were those that migrate more slowly, short distance migrants, and species with broader climatic niches. These three variables explained 63% of the interspecific variation in phenological response. We also identify a latitudinal gradient in the average strength of phenological response, with species shifting arrival earlier at southern latitudes than northern latitudes for the same degree of warming. This observation is consistent with the idea that species must be more phenologically sensitive in less seasonal environments to maintain the same degree of precision in phenological timing.

Policy theme(s)

Biodiversity >> Threats to biodiversity >> Human impacts
Climate change and energy >> Climate change adaptation >> Biodiversity impacts
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

View this study at:

http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031662
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hurlbert@bio.unc.edu

Title

Exploring the relationship between public environmental ethics and river flood policies in western Europe

Reference

Journal of Environmental Management
Volume 93, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 1–9

Author(s)

Study type

Peer Review Journal   

Abstract

Two styles of river flood management can be distinguished: dike reinforcement and the more sustainable 'Room for River' option. This paper investigates public adherences to these two management styles and whether their adherence correlates with their Visions of Nature. The focus is especially on people's image of the appropriate human/nature relationship, i.e. Mastery over nature, Stewardship of nature, Partnership of nature or Participation in nature. Other variables that are part of the analysis are the respondents' sense of place, safety perception and background variables. The results of a written survey among riverside residents in France, Germany and the Netherlands (N = 1811) show high adherences to the Room for River style and a rejection of dike reinforcement. A regression analysis shows that adherence to the Room for River style correlates with adherence to the image of Stewardship, while adherence to dike reinforcement is predicted by Mastery over nature. Thus, according to the public a policy shift from dike reinforcement to a more sustainable style is seen as a fundamental one, connected to a change in environmental ethics.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Natural hazards >> Flooding
Water >> Flooding

Keywords

Visions of nature; Place attachment; Public perceptions; Public support;
River restoration; Flood risk management

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert 

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479711003197

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mirjam.degroot@wur.nl

Title

Exploring the middle ground between environmental protection and economic growth

Reference

Public Understanding of Science December 13, 2011

Author(s)

Michael D. Kaplowitz , Frank Lupi , Felix K. Yeboah, Laurie G. Thorp

Study type

Peer Review Journal    

Abstract

Public preference concerning the environment and the economy typically has been characterized as either pro-environmental protection or pro-economic development. Researchers and policymakers increasingly suggest that environmental protection and economic growth are not mutually exclusive. However, use of dichotomous-choice policy preference questions persists. This note empirically examines an alternative response format for the typical dichotomous-choice environmental/economic policy preference question and explores respondents' stated policy preferences in light of their support for recycling. We find that most respondents do not view environmental protection and economic development policy goals to be mutually exclusive. Most respondents view economic growth and environmental protection as compatible suggesting a more heterogeneous view of the environment–economic relationship than oft reported. Hence excluding a middle response choice to the standard environment/economic policy preference question may add measurement error, increase item nonresponse, and fail to account for the views of respondents who view these goals as complementary.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Sustainable development and policy assessment >> Sustainable economic development >> Green economy

Keywords

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

View this study at:

http://pus.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/11/15/0963662511424545.abstract?papetoc

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kaplowit@msu.edu

Title

Perception of risks in renewable energy projects: The case of concentrated solar power in North Africa

Reference

Energy Policy
Volume 40, January 2012, Pages 103-109
Part EU Funded

Author(s)

Nadejda Komendantova, Anthony Patt, Lucile Barras, Antonella Battaglini

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

The world needs to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to prevent climate change, while meeting the energy needs of developed and developing economies. Recent studies suggest that generation of electricity from concentrated solar power in North African countries and its transmission to Europe could provide European and North African partners with low-carbon electricity.The private capital will be likely required to achieve the scale of new investment and yet the North African region experience difficulties with sustaining high levels of foreign direct investment from the private sector. The literature identifies a number of risks as barriers to investment, and we examine these in the particular context of renewable energy development. We conducted three stages of interviews with stakeholders to learn their perceptions of the risks most likely to affect renewable energy projects. Three class of risks—regulatory, political, and force majeure (which includes terrorism)—stand out as being of high concern. Of these, regulatory risks are perceived as being the most consequential, and the most likely to occur. This suggests that attention to building the capacities of North African countries to develop, implement, and enforce sound regulations in a transparent manner could be an important step in promoting renewable energy cooperation with Europe.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy >> Climate change mitigation >> Low carbon and renewable energy
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Foreign direct investment; Political risks; Renewable energy sources

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509009458

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komendan@iiasa.ac.at

Title

Raising effective awareness for domestic water saving: evidence from an environmental educational programme in Greece

Reference

Water Policy Vol 13 No 6 pp 828–844 © IWA Publishing 2011 doi:10.2166/wp.2011.103

Author(s)

Kiriaki M. Keramitsoglou and Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

This paper looks into awareness of water saving amongst students and their parents, and how it interacts with their intentions to use water saving technology or to adopt water saving practices. To investigate this interaction, surveys were run through educational programmes aimed at eliciting both the intentions of students and the indirect effects of their parents; surveys were taken before and after the education programmes. The results show that parents have a more environmentally friendly approach towards water saving than their children. Furthermore, the educational programmes affected both students and their parents, though not for all actions investigated. Students and their parents seem to be willing to comply with water saving practices that require little effort, such as using an economy toilet flushing button, or fixing a tap when it leaks, but students were not willing to give up wasteful habits related to their body hygiene, such as leaving water running during a shower. The Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were employed to show statistically significant differences before and after the intervention, comparing the stated attitudes of students and their parents. An active participation by parents in school programmes could encourage effective interactions amongst people in the community, facilitating behaviour change towards sustainable use of local natural resources.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Resource efficiency >> Water efficiency
Water >> Water consumption >> Water scarcity

Keywords

Environmental education; Local action; Public attitudes; Water saving

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

View this study at:

http://www.iwaponline.com/wp/01306/wp013060828.htm 

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 johnkiki@hol.gr

Title

ICZM and coastal defence perception by beach users: Lessons from the Mediterranean coastal area

Reference

Ocean & Coastal Management
Volume 54, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 821-830

Author(s)

E. Koutrakis , A. Sapounidis, S. Marzetti, V. Marin, S. Roussel, S. Martino, M. Fabiano, C. Paoli, H. Rey-Valette, D. Povh, C.G. Malvárez

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Member States of the European Union and the Mediterranean Regional Sea need to elaborate national strategies for coastal management according to ICZM principles and to undertake national stock-taking, which must consider major actors, laws and institutions influencing the management of their national coastal zone. However, different approaches to coastal management and defence and various degrees of development and implementation of national ICZM strategies can be found. The research presented in this article aims to analyze the different situations and to contribute to the further development of a common approach in terms of methodology to establish stakeholder and users participation in ICZM. An extensive survey was conducted in five pilot sites along the European Mediterranean coastal zone (Greece, Italy and France) show beach visitors' perception of ICZM, coastal erosion and coastal defence systems, and beach visitors' Willingness To Pay (WTP) for beach defence. The survey yielded important information for coastal and beach managers. Surprisingly, the level of awareness about generic Coastal Zone Management was found to be rather low in all regions except Riccione Southern beach, Emilia-Romagna Region. In the Languedoc-Roussillon Region, this is justified by the fact that most of the respondents were not local people or beach visitors (other than recreational day-visitors). As regards coastal erosion it appears significant that, despite the lack of awareness demonstrated overall by stakeholders in the Region of East Macedonia and Thrace, visitors respond very positively to definitions and show awareness of the erosion process in their coastal system. In conclusion, in order to raise public awareness about ICZM, erosion and coastal defence systems, it is suggested that education, training and public awareness should be promoted as well as identification of local needs for the implementation of specific demand-driven studies.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Marine ecosystems >> Coastal management              

Keywords

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096456911100144X
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manosk@inale.gr

Title

Environmental citizens: climate pledger attitudes and micro-generation installation

Reference

DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2011.631991

Author(s)

Paul Upham

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

To date, the phenomenon of climate pledging has been little investigated. This paper describes the results of a questionnaire survey of 201 climate pledgers in Greater Manchester (UK), focusing on attitudes and behaviour relevant to environmental citizenship. In particular, attention is given to attitudes and behaviour related to renewable energy and micro-generation, selectively comparing with national UK data. The survey shows that installation cost and lengthy pay-back times have been major constraints on microgen installation not just for the general population, but also for those with a high degree of environmental commitment. Nonetheless, the microgen installation rate among the climate pledgers as of early 2011, before the introduction of feed-in tariffs, was at least 11 times higher than the national average. Using regression analyses, the best model that could be found for explaining installation of the most popular microgen technology, solar thermal, accounted for 27% of variance. Within this model, environmental commitment was of less importance than having given serious consideration to other microgen options. While this was possibly due to group homogeneity, in general, the results do emphasise the limits to environmental citizenship.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy >> Climate change mitigation >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

View this study at:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13549839.2011.631991
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p.upham@leeds.ac.uk

Title

Reference

Volume 13, Issue 2, 2011 pages 139-157
DOI:10.1080/1523908X.2011.573632

Author(s)

Ian Bailey, Jodie West & Ian Whitehead

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Public concern about the visual and environmental impacts of renewable-energy projects has been a major factor behind the stalling or rejection of many planning applications for on-shore renewables developments. Siting renewables facilities in off-shore locations would appear to reduce this tension but, as yet, limited research has been conducted on public attitudes to marine renewables—particularly tidal and wave power—to establish how genuinely 'out of sight and out of mind' such developments are in the public mind. This paper presents a quantitative study of public opinions on a test site for wave energy currently under construction near the coast of the Southwest UK. The findings suggest general public support for wave energy as an economically beneficial method of power generation with few adverse side-effects. The merits of quantitative and qualitative research on public attitudes towards renewable-energy technologies are then discussed and concepts of risk and reward perception are used to explore the possible future dynamics of public attitudes towards 'future' renewables technologies like wave energy. We conclude with reflections on risk and reward perceptions as a heuristic device for defining future directions for research on public attitudes towards different renewable-energy technologies.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy >> Climate change mitigation >> Low carbon and renewable energy
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Environmental technologies >> Climate change mitigation >> Low carbon technologies

Keywords

public perceptions, wave energy, quantitative and qualitative research, risk and reward perceptions

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjoe20
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Ian.bailey@plymouth.ac.uk

Title

Personally Relevant Climate Change: The Role of Place Attachment and Local Versus Global Message Framing in Engagement

Reference

Environment and Behavior October 20, 2011 0013916511421196

Author(s)

Leila Scannell & Robert Gifford

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

To help mitigate the negative effects of climate change, citizens' attitudes and behaviors must be better understood. However, little is known about which factors predict engagement with climate change, and which messaging strategies are most effective. A community sample of 324 residents from three regions in British Columbia read information either about a climate change impact relevant to their local area, a more global one, or, in a control condition, no message. Participants indicated the extent of their climate change engagement, the strength of their attachment to their local area, and demographic information. Three significant unique predictors of climate change engagement emerged: place attachment, receiving the local message, and gender (female). These results provide empirical support for some previously proposed barriers to climate action and suggest guidelines for effective climate change communication.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy >> Climate change mitigation >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://eab.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/10/20/0013916511421196.abstract?papetoc
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rgifford@uvic.ca

Title

National Journeys Towards Education for Sustainable Development

Reference

United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization Report 2011 

Author(s)

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

The UNESCO publication series National Journeys Towards Education for Sustainable Development aims at documenting the way societies engage in learning and education to address the sustainability challenges of our time. It gives concrete examples of entry points for progressing education and learning for sustainable development (ESD) across the sectors. Each issue will summarise findings and identify lessons learnt that will support other countries on their own journey towards ESD. A hard copy of the first issue was released in September 2011 and was edited by Ingrid Mulà and Daniella Tilbury, from the International Research Institute in Sustainability (IRIS), University of Gloucestershire (UK). It showcases national progresses in the area of learning and education for sustainable development from each of the five UNESCO world regions including case studies from: Chile, Indonesia, Kenya, the Netherlands and Oman. It presents how these countries have introduced ESD according to their environmental context, their national history and their own sustainability challenges. The collection seeks to be a source of inspiration for other actors working in Sustainable Development through education.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001921/192183e.pdf
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www.unesco.org

Title

Does belief matter in climate change action?

Reference

Public Understanding of Science August 23, 2011 0963662511410268

Author(s)

Annukka Vainio Riikka Paloniemi

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

We studied environmental action and its predictors in a multi-scalar context of climate change politics. We asked how belief in climate change, post-materialist values, trust and knowledge predict people’s engagement in environmental action by testing two alternative structural equation models (SEM). In one of these models all these factors directly predicted climate-friendly action, and in the other the effect of political trust, post-materialist values and climate change knowledge on climate-friendly action was mediated by belief in climate change. The models were tested with Eurobarometer 69.2 survey data of adult people living in Finland (N = 1,004). The SEM revealed that belief in climate change mediates the effect of post-material values, trust and knowledge on climate-friendly action. It is therefore important to recognize the role of belief in the public understanding of large-scale environmental problems. These results help political authorities to develop policies to encourage people’s engagement in climate-friendly action.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy >> Climate change mitigation >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://pus.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/08/20/0963662511410268.abstract?papetoc
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Annukka.vainio@helsinki.fi

Title

Impact of the European Water Framework Directive on local-level water management: Case study Oxunda Catchment, Sweden

Reference

Land Use Policy
Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 73-82

Author(s)

Ingela Andersson , Mona Petersson, Jerker Jarsjö 

Study type

Peer Review Journal 

Abstract

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union provides a common framework for water policy that focuses on holistic and integrated water management in river basins. In many member states, implementation of the WFD has shifted the main responsibility for local water issues from the municipal level to the regional or supra-regional levels. In this study, we investigated how the implementation of the WFD has influenced local-level water management including the interpretation of the new environmental quality standards. Specifically, we considered Sweden, which has traditionally had relatively strong governance at the municipal level. Because a sufficient amount of time has now passed for evaluation of WFD-related effects on operational water handling, we interviewed individuals directly involved in water planning and land use planning at the municipal level in one sub catchment in the Northern Baltic Sea River Basin District of Sweden, as well as representatives for superior levels and associations. Despite divergent views regarding the priority of water issues in physical planning among the local-level planners interviewed, they had all participated in successful inter-municipal pre-WFD collaboration projects. Although such collaborations could help increase the understanding and acceptance of WFD-related goals and costs, as well as facilitate conflict solving, as shown in the Oxunda Catchment, they have not gained much attention in the WFD implementation process. Additionally, physical planners have generally been reluctant to accept new environmental quality standards resulting from WFD implementation, in part because they lack precise definitions, but also because they could challenge the municipal routine of weighing various objectives against each other. Furthermore, despite WFD-related increases in ambition levels, lack of resource improvements at the municipal level were identified as potential problems by local environmental planners.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Water >> River basin management (WFD)

Keywords

WFD implementation; Environmental quality standards; Spatial fit; Horizontal integration; Municipal level; Interviews

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837711000470
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Ingela.anderson@sh.se

Title

Road, forestry and regional planners' work for biodiversity conservation and public participation: a case study in Poland's hotspot regions

Reference

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2011.575297

Author(s)

Malgorzata Blicharska, Per Angelstam, Hans Antonson, Marine Elbakidze & Robert Axelsson

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

We studied how regional, road and forestry planning sectors work to implement policies about biodiversity conservation and public participation. Evaluations were based on a normative model for planning derived from the existing international policies and relevant literature. Key planning actors were then interviewed with regard to their understanding of biodiversity and participation policies as well as ability to act and willingness to implement them. The results indicate several gaps in planning processes, for example, insufficient knowledge about biodiversity conservation and participation, limited resources and tools for planning of functional habitat networks and collaboration, poor connections between local and regional planning, and weakly developed public participation. The main problem for effective policy implementation seems to be related to planners' ability to act, which indicates that relatively low priority was given to provide resources for biodiversity conservation and public participation by the relevant units. We discuss our findings in relation to the implementation of environmental policies in the new EU countries of Eastern and Central Europe.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Forests >> Forest protection >> Forest biodiversity

Keywords

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09640568.2011.575297
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Contact the study author at:

Malgorzata.blicharska@slu.se

Title

Impact of the European Water Framework Directive on local-level water management: Case study Oxunda Catchment, Sweden

Reference

Land Use Policy
Volume 29, Issue 1, January 2012, Pages 73-82

Author(s)

Ingela Andersson , Mona Petersson, Jerker Jarsjö

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union provides a common framework for water policy that focuses on holistic and integrated water management in river basins. In many member states, implementation of the WFD has shifted the main responsibility for local water issues from the municipal level to the regional or supra-regional levels. In this study, we investigated how the implementation of the WFD has influenced local-level water management including the interpretation of the new environmental quality standards. Specifically, we considered Sweden, which has traditionally had relatively strong governance at the municipal level. Because a sufficient amount of time has now passed for evaluation of WFD-related effects on operational water handling, we interviewed individuals directly involved in water planning and land use planning at the municipal level in one sub catchment in the Northern Baltic Sea River Basin District of Sweden, as well as representatives for superior levels and associations. Despite divergent views regarding the priority of water issues in physical planning among the local-level planners interviewed, they had all participated in successful inter-municipal pre-WFD collaboration projects. Although such collaborations could help increase the understanding and acceptance of WFD-related goals and costs, as well as facilitate conflict solving, as shown in the Oxunda Catchment, they have not gained much attention in the WFD implementation process. Additionally, physical planners have generally been reluctant to accept new environmental quality standards resulting from WFD implementation, in part because they lack precise definitions, but also because they could challenge the municipal routine of weighing various objectives against each other. Furthermore, despite WFD-related increases in ambition levels, lack of resource improvements at the municipal level were identified as potential problems by local environmental planners.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Water >> River basin management (WFD)

Keywords

WFD implementation; Environmental quality standards; Spatial fit; Horizontal integration; Municipal level; Interviews

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837711000470
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Contact the study author at:

ingela.andersson@sh.se

Title

Public preferences for water quality improvements: implications for the implementation of the EC Water Framework Directive in Scotland

Reference

Water Policy Vol 13 No 5 pp 645-662

Author(s)

Klaus Glenk, Manuel Lago and Dominic Moran

Study type

Peer Review Journal / Report

Abstract

The EC Water Framework Directive (WFD) sets ambitious quality targets for member state water bodies by 2015. The provisions are being transposed predominantly using a cost-effectiveness criterion, which raises questions about the relative balance of costs [of reaching good status (GS)] and corresponding (non-)market benefits or the economic efficiency of the legislation. This study provides an insight into public perceptions of water quality improvements based on an application of national characterisation data on the state of the water environment in Scotland. A choice experiment approach is used to quantify non-market benefits of achieving GS across Scottish rivers and lochs over varying timescales and different geographical levels, with the aim of revealing willingness-to-pay data that is specifically relevant for WFD implementation. We find that the benefits of implementing the WFD are substantial. Results show that geographical differences in preferences for national improvements in the river and loch water quality in Scotland exist, both in terms of magnitudes of benefit estimates and time preferences for improvements. These differences need to be taken into account in analyses at the river basin district or national level in order to support policy options for the implementation of the WFD across the country.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement
Water >> River basin management (WFD)

Keywords

Choice experiment; Good status; Non-market benefits; Water framework directive; Water quality improvements

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.iwaponline.com/wp/01305/wp013050645.htm
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klaus.glenk@sac.ac.uk

Title

Building a model of commitment to the natural environment to predict ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice

Reference

Journal of Environmental Psychology
Volume 31, Issue 3, September 2011, Pages 257-265

Author(s)

Jody L. Davis, Benjamin Le and Anthony E. Coy

Study type

Peer Review Journal 

Abstract

We examined the connection between individuals’ relationships with the natural environment and their environmental behaviors with a focus on commitment to the environment, defined as psychological attachment and long-term orientation to the natural world. Commitment is theorized to emerge from structural interdependence with the environment and to lead to pro-environmental behaviors. Close relationships research has identified three key antecedents to commitment (satisfaction, alternatives, and investments). We developed environment-specific measures of these constructs, and factor analysis verified three distinct factors. A path analysis revealed that satisfaction with the environment and investments in the environment, but not alternatives to the environment, predicted commitment to the environment. Moreover, commitment mediated the effects of satisfaction and investments on general ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice for the environment. In regression analyses, commitment predicted general ecological behavior and willingness to sacrifice for the environment, even when controlling for ecological worldview, inclusion of nature in the self, connectedness to nature, and environmental identity. Individuals who are satisfied with and invested in the natural world are likely to be committed to the environment and act with the well-being of the environment in mind.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Ecological behavior; Investment model; Willingness to sacrifice; Conservation psychology; Commitment to the environment

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494411000077
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jldavis@vcu.edu

Title

Modeling farmer participation in agri-environmental nitrate pollution reducing schemes

Reference

Ecological Economics
Volume 70, Issue 11, 15 September 2011, Pages 2175-2180.

Author(s)

Eirini Giovanopoulou, Stefanos A. Nastis  and Evagelos Papanagiotou

Study type

Peer Review Journal 

Abstract

Why do farmers choose to participate in agri-environmental programmes and how do they choose the amount of land they allocate to such programmes? This paper examines the determinant factors influencing farmers' adoption of the EU-financed agri-environmental Nitrate Reduction Programme (NRP) in Greece and the extent of the programme's adoption, in terms of land allocation. The decision to adopt the NRP is modeled as a two-step procedure. First, farmers decide whether to participate in the agri-environmental programme and second, the extent of participation is determined. We employ Heckman's self-selection bias correction model to derive unbiased estimates. Based on farm level data, we develop the profile of farmers who choose to adopt the agri-environmental programme and the characteristics of their farms. The results of the analysis provide valuable policy insights decomposed into the main factors determining first, the adoption of the agri-environmental programme and second, the extent of adoption. By decomposing the determining factors, policy makers can employ this information to design effective agri-environmental programmes, desirable to farmers and more targeted towards specific environmental and agricultural development goals.

Policy theme(s)

Agriculture >> Agricultural management >> Agri-environment schemes
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Nitrate Reduction Programme; Adoption; Agri-environmental programmes; Self-selection bias

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800911002692
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irgiova@agro.auth.gr

Title

Overcoming the Distance: Perspective Taking With Future Humans Improves Environmental Engagement

Reference

Environment and Behavior August 23, 2011 0013916511417618

Author(s)

Sabine Pahl & Judith Bauer

Study type

Peer Review Journal / Report

Abstract

The present research tested the effect of perspective taking with a human victim of environmental change on environmental engagement. Participants watched a slideshow portraying a future scenario of a young woman being affected by negative environmental changes. Taking the perspective of this individual increased a set of three behavior indicators (intentions, time spent engaging with information materials, and number of brochures collected) compared with two control groups. The present research provides evidence that perspective taking with other humans can be a powerful trigger of engagement with environmental issues. Thus, perspective taking could be used to engage people with psychologically distant issues such as climate change, for which the full consequences will only become visible at a much later point in time.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://eab.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/08/10/0013916511417618.abstract?papetoc
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sabine.pahl@plymouth.ac.uk

Title

One or Many? The Influence of Episodic and Thematic Climate Change Frames on Policy Preferences and Individual Behavior Change

Reference

Science Communication March 2011 vol. 33 no. 1 28-51

Author(s)

Philip Solomon Hart

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Drawing from framing theory, this study examines how describing the impact of climate change on polar bears with an episodic or thematic frame may affect predispositions for individual behavior change and support for policies to address climate change. The study finds that participants exposed to a thematic frame had more support for policies that address climate change than participants exposed to an episodic frame. There was no framing effect for predispositions for individual behavior change. Implications for communicating climate change to the general public are discussed.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy >> Climate change mitigation >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

environmental communication, risk communication, climate change, framing theory

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://scx.sagepub.com/content/33/1/28.abstract
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hart@american.edu

Title

A review of citizen science and community-based environmental monitoring: issues and opportunities

Reference

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Volume 176, Numbers 1-4, 273-291
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1582-5

Author(s)

Cathy C. Conrad and Krista G. Hilchey

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Worldwide, decision-makers and nongovernment organizations are increasing their use of citizen volunteers to enhance their ability to monitor and manage natural resources, track species at risk, and conserve protected areas. We reviewed the last 10 years of relevant citizen science literature for areas of consensus, divergence, and knowledge gaps. Different community based monitoring (CBM) activities and governance structures were examined and contrasted. Literature was examined for evidence of common benefits, challenges, and recommendations for successful citizen science. Two major gaps were identified: (1) a need to compare and contrast the success (and the situations that induce success) of CBM programs which present sound evidence of citizen scientists influencing positive environmental changes in the local ecosystems they monitor and (2) more case studies showing use of CBM.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Citizen science, Community-based monitoring, Social capital, Environmental democratization

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

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http://www.springerlink.com/content/e0j7551x56377450/
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cconrad@smu.ca/ hilchekg@gov.ns.ca

Title

Stakeholder perspectives on 'fair and efficient' benefit distribution along the C-redd value chain

Reference

World Agroforestry Centre report

Author(s)

World Agroforestry Centre

Study type

Report

Abstract

Local implementation of efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) can be analyzed to be part of a 'value chain'. The primary 'service' is a direct reduction of emissions and a medium-to-long term reorientation of development pathways towards the maintenance of high-carbon-stock landscapes. The ultimate 'service' for which there may be a market is a 'credible and creditable' quantification and documentation of emission reduction compared to an agreed (negotiated) baseline ('additionality' beyond reference emission levels) after corrections for leakage effects and risks of non-permanence. The steps of the value chain beyond the landscape where emission reduction takes place involve subnational + national + international levels that currently still have to operationalize rules that allow the value chain to work. In this process an external drive for efficiency (low cost emission reduction) interacts with the need for fairness (supporting conservation commitment, avoiding perverse incentives). The development of operational subnational REDD+ implementation rules involves a learning curve for all involved, the local stakeholders as well as the potential investors, regulators and facilitators of the process. Learning by the stakeholders might in future be facilitated by formal research results, but a more direct 'learning by doing' is needed at this stage. We report the development and use of a research tool FERVA for analysis of fairness and efficiency along REDD+ value chains, and its initial use in Indonesia and Peru. For Jambi province in Indonesia we also report further steps to engage potential REDD+ stakeholders in the design of subnational implementation mechanisms, including discussions with 'Orang Rimba' as the local forest dwellers are indicated. A simulation model that quantifies distributional effects ('equity') complements the 'perceived fairness' perspective that was expressed in the various focus group discussions. Vietnam is considering the coupling of REDD+ funding and an existing scheme of payment for watershed functions. This approach may reduce transaction costs, but brings its own challenges to both fairness and efficiency dimensions, as discussed here.

Policy theme(s)

Forests >> Forest protection >> Deforestation and degradation
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

N/A

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.asb.cgiar.org/PDFwebdocs/Stakeholder%20perspectives%20along%20the%20Credd%20value%20chain.pdf
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Contact the study author at:

www.worldagrofoorestrycentre.org/sea

Title

Acceptance, acceptability and environmental justice: the role of community benefits in wind energy development

Reference

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Volume 54, Issue 4 May 2011 , pages 539 - 557 DOI: 10.1080/09640568.2010.521047

Author(s)

Authors: Richard Cowell; Gill Bristow; Max Munday

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Conflict around wind farm development has stimulated interest in 'community benefits' - the provision of financial or material benefits by the developers to the area affected by these facilities. By and large, both policy makers and researchers have couched the rationale for community benefits in instrumental terms, i.e. that an increased flow of community benefits will improve the social acceptability of these facilities and thereby expedite planning consent. This paper questions this conventional rationale. Proponents of this rationale neglect the institutionally structured terrain of the planning process; the provision of community benefits can shift in significance depending on whether or not the 'affected community' has any significant influence over wind farm projects. Similarly, our discourse analysis conducted in Wales shows that community benefits are seen predominantly as compensation for impacts, without any clear implication that they should change social attitudes. Our conclusion is that the dominant, instrumental rationale for community benefits obscures other, equally important justifications: the role of community benefits in promoting environmental justice; and how flows of community benefits might better serve the long-term sustainability of wind farm development areas.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy >> Climate change mitigation >> Low carbon and renewable energy
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

renewable energy, community, compensation, justice, planning

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09640568.2010.521047
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cowellrj@cardiff.ac.uk

Title

Ex-ante institutional compatibility assessment of policy options: methodological insights from a case study on the Nitrate Directive in Auvergne, France

Reference

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management,
Volume 54, Issue 5 June 2011 , pages 661 - 684 DOI:10.1080/09640568.2010.527128

Author(s)

Laurence Amblard; Carsten Mann

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

The Procedure for Institutional Compatibility Assessment (PICA) has been developed as a formalised methodology to predict the compatibility between a policy option and the institutional context of its implementation. As a first empirical test of the tool, PICA was applied to the implementation of the EUNitrate Directive in Auvergne, France. Valuable insights were acquired on thecombination of experts and stakeholders' perspectives and the choice of qualitative methods for the collection of the information needed at each step ofthe assessment. Further, this procedure proved to be a valuable tool for the ex-ante identification of institutional factors affecting the implementation of policies.

Policy theme(s)

Agriculture >> Agricultural pollution >> Fertiliser pollution
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

ex-ante policy assessment, institutional compatibility, EU Nitrate
Directive, integrative methodology

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09640568.2010.527128  
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laurence.amblard@cemagref.fr

Title

A wish, a fear and a complaint: understanding the (dis)engagement of forest owners in forest management

Reference

European Journal of Forest Research 10.1007/s10342-009-0332-0

Author(s)

Gloria Domínguez and Margaret Shannon

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Inducing private forest owners to undertake any kind of forest management poses a challenge to policy makers. To gain a better understanding of the attitudes of forest owners, this study set out to describe, analyze, and interpret how forest owners engage (or fail to engage) in the management of their properties. A grounded theory approach Glaser and Strauss (The discovering of grounded theory, Aldine: Chicago, 1967); Charmaz (Constructing grounded theory. A practical guide through qualitative analysis, Sage publications, Ltd: London, 2006) was used to build an emergent theory through a descriptive and interpretational analysis of how forest owners get involved in forest management and the factors that influence their active decision-making process. The research was conducted in Catalonia. The main finding was that forest owners are more likely to engage in the management of their properties when they believe that through their actions they are fulfilling a moral norm, they are reducing the risk of forest fires, they have an archetypal image of what the forest should look like, and they can justify forest management as part of their economic strategy. These interdependent personal, social and cultural factors question the likely effectiveness of traditional economic policy tools.

Policy theme(s)

Forests >> Forest governance and management
Forests >> Forest services >> Forest industries/products
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

N/A

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.springerlink.com/content/jpg478536872x2h1/
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Gloria.dominguez@ctfc.es

Title

Sciences, knowledges, and the practice of forestry

Reference

European Journal of Forest Research 10.1007/s10342-009-0334-y

Author(s)

Louise Fortmann and Heidi Ballard

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

We address the question of how credible knowledge that will contribute to more effective forest policy and management can be produced. We argue that some forest-related knowledge-producing practices of professional scientists and of local people are similar, and given the differences in the knowledge they produce, we explore how they might be used productively together to create better understandings of forests with resulting better forestry practice and policy. Using a case study of participatory forest ecology research, we demonstrate that when professional (conventional) scientists do research in collaboration with local experts (civil scientists), the resulting knowledge can be more accurate and more policy relevant than they could produce doing research on their own or only with other conventional scientists.

Policy theme(s)

Forests >> Forest governance and management
Forests >> Forest services >> Forest industries/products
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Non-timber forest products, Forest understory, Gaultheria shallon,  Science and technology studies, Interdependent science, Civil science

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

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http://www.springerlink.com/content/l3154012858j2855/
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Hballard@ucdavis.edu

Title

Use of decision analysis interviews to support the sustainable use of the forests in Finnish Upper Lapland

Reference

Journal of Environmental Management
Volume 92, Issue 6, June 2011, Pages 1550-1563

Author(s)

Jyri Mustajoki , Heli Saarikoski, Mika Marttunen, Anssi Ahtikoski, Ville Hallikainen, Timo Helle, Mikko Hyppönen, Mikko Jokinen, Arto Naskali, Seija Tuulentie , Martti Varmola, Eero Vatanen and Anna-Liisa Ylisirniö

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Controversy between alternative uses of forests in Finnish Upper Lapland has been going on for decades, and in recent years it has been escalated to a serious conflict. The core of the conflict is the adverse impacts of forestry on old forests which are important grazing areas for reindeer and which are regarded as intact nature and wilderness areas. This paper describes the experiences of applying multi-criteria decision analysis interview approach on this conflict. The approach provides tools for structuring the problem and preferences of the stakeholders as well as for analyzing the effects of different alternatives in a common framework. We focus on the practical experiences gained from the application of this approach in this context. Multi-criteria decision analysis was found to be a useful approach to evaluate the economic, ecological and cultural aspects of this intense conflict. The obtained experiences also support the view that the approach works best when tightly integrated into the planning process

Policy theme(s)

Forests>>Forest governance and management
Environmental information services>> Environmental communication>> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Multi-criteria decision analysis; Decision analysis interviews; Environmental management; Forestry; Reindeer husbandry

Entry Source:

N/A

Referred to in EC doc:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479711000089  
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jyri.mustajoki@tut.fi

Title

2008-2011 Improving Knowledge and Communication for Decision Making on Air Pollution and Health in Europe

Reference

Summary report of the Aphekom project

Author(s)

Aphekom.

Study type

Report

Abstract

Much has been done in recent years to reduce air pollution and its harmful effects on the health of Europeans. Yet gaps remain in stakeholders' knowledge and understanding of this continuing threat that hamper the planning and implementation of measures to protect public health more effectively.
Sixty Aphekom scientists have therefore worked for nearly 3 years in 12 countries across Europe to provide new information and tools that enable decision makers to set more effective European, national and local policies; health professionals to better advise vulnerable individuals; and all individuals to better protect their health.

Policy theme(s)

Air pollution>> Impact of emissions >>Health impacts
Environment and health>> Health risks>> Air pollution
Environmental information services>> Environmental communication>>Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

N/A

Entry Source:

N/A

Referred to in EC doc:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

View this study at:

www.endseurope.com/docs/110302b.pdf
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Contact the study author at:

s.medina@invs.sante.fr
www.aphekom.org

Title

Urban wind power and the private sector: community benefits, social acceptance and public engagement 

Reference

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Volume 54, Issue 2 March 2011 , pages 227 - 244

Author(s)

Bob Evans; Judith Parks; Kate Theobald

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Given the ambitious government targets for renewable energy generation in the UK, there has been a push by government and industry towards various types and scales of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs). This paper explores the implications of commercial urban wind projects for local communities, drawing on a case study of proposals by ASDA to construct wind turbines in two semi-urban locations in the UK. The paper argues that community responses to the proposals were complex and varied and could not adequately be encapsulated by 'nimby' (not in my back yard) assignations. It concludes that while ASDA followed a process of consulting local people, this process highlighted the problems of the 'business as usual' approach to public engagement employed by ASDA, and assumptions made about public acceptance of RETs.

Policy theme(s)

Climate change and energy>>Climate change mitigation>>Low carbon and renewable energy
Environmental information services>>Environmental communication>>Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

renewable energy, commercial urban wind, public engagement, public perceptions, social acceptance

Entry Source:

N/A

Referred to in EC doc:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

View this study at:

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09640568.2010.652829
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judith.parks@northumbria.ac.uk

Title

Universal criteria for species conservation priorities? Findings from a survey of public views across Europe The New Conservation Debate: Beyond Parks vs. People

Reference

Biological Conservation
Volume 144, Issue 3, March 2011, Pages 998-1007

Author(s)

Anke Fischer, Birgit Bednar-Friedl, Fransje Langers, Marta Dobrovodská, Nicoleta Geamana, Ketil Skogen and Myriam Dumortier

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Decisions on biodiversity management and conservation are increasingly based on indicators. These imply, explicitly or implicitly, a number of criteria such as nativeness, rarity, endangeredness and (economic) value. We investigated to which degree such criteria matter to members of the general public and conducted a survey in eight sites across Europe (n = 2378). We explored the relationships between perceived desirability of a species' population increase and six species-related attributes, including previous population change, rarity, vulnerability, harmfulness, value, attractiveness, and nativeness.
For all three species types investigated, previous population change, followed by perceived harmfulness and value, had the strongest relationship with desirability of future increase. Perceived nativeness played only a minor role in informing a species' desirability. A strong relationship between previous change and desirability of future increase could also be found in a number of additional species and six different habitat types, suggesting that previous change is a key criterion that the general public draws on to inform their attitudes towards biodiversity management.
We compare the roles of such criteria for the general public to those used in the scientific and political discourse, and draw conclusions for the use of indicators in the conservation debate, arguing that biodiversity management that is strongly focused on nativeness might fall short of the interests of the citizenship, whereas other criteria, such as population trends, harmfulness and role and value of a species in the ecosystem strongly resonate with the views of the general public.

Policy theme(s)

Biodiversity>>Threats to biodiversity>>Invasive species
Environmental information services>>Environmental communication>>Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Attitudes, Biodiversity, Conservation criteria, Species, Non-native, Invasive

Entry Source:

N/A

Referred to in EC doc:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

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http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320710004994
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a.fischer@macaulay.ac.uk

Title

Reference

Environment and Behavior
doi: 10.1177/0013916510397757

Author(s)

Stanley T. Asah, David N. Bengston & Lynn M. Westphal

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

A conceptual and operational model examined relationships among childhood participation in nature-based activities, motivations, constraints, mitigation of constraints, and adult visits to Minnesota State Parks. The results support a model in which (a) higher childhood participation in nature-based activities increased motivation and mitigation strategies, (b) constraints decreased state park visitation and also triggered the use of mitigation strategies that in turn increased state park visits, and (c) higher levels of motivation improved efforts to negotiate constraints and visit more. Consistent with the main hypothesis, the more nature-based activities people participate in during childhood, the more they desire such activities and are able to mitigate constraints to participation, and consequently, the higher the level of participation, as an adult. The results suggest a rather indirect association between childhood participation in nature-based activities and adulthood participation in such activities.

Policy theme(s)

Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Behavioural change
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

childhood participation, nature-based activities, motivations, constraints
mitigation

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://eab.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/02/08/0013916510397757.full.pdf+html
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stasah@uw.edu

Title

Evaluating citizen-based presence data for bird monitoring

Reference

Biological Conservation
Volume 144, Issue 2, February 2011, Pages 804-810

Author(s)

Tord Snäll, Oskar Kindvall, Johan Nilsson and Tomas Pärt

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Species monitoring is one key approach to assess human impact on nature. Four main approaches have been applied in bird monitoring: comparing distribution atlases from different times, repeated monitoring programmes, checklist programmes, and species-specific surveys. We evaluate the potential of another type of data for monitoring: presence-only data on species sightings reported voluntarily by the public to open-access internet platforms, here the Species Gateway (SG) in Sweden. We regressed data on the 242 bird species observed 2001-2009 in the Swedish Bird Survey (SBS) against the corresponding SG data. We also investigated the relationship for groups of species utilizing different habitats and displaying a significant inter-annual variation, a coefficient of variation >0.3 according to the SBS. We found support for a positive relationship in inter-annual variation in population level between the two datasets. However, the species subsets displayed variation from positive to negative correlations. Restricting the analysis to species with high inter-annual variation increased the positive correlation between the data sets. The reason for the mismatch between the two datasets may be explained by temporal changes in the willingness to report certain common species to the SG. Another reason may be an imbalance in the coverage of common versus uncommon species among the two datasets. The use of voluntary citizen-based data requires great care and good knowledge of the limitation of the data. If these requirements are fulfilled, we suggest that they may be a complement to standardised programmes, especially for assessing uncommon species of conservation concern.

Policy theme(s)

Biodiversity >> Threats to biodiversity >> Human impacts
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Presence-only, GBIF, Bayesian hierarchical model, Bird, Citizen science

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320710004805
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tord.snall@artdata.slu.se

Title

Back Where They Once Belonged? Local Response to Afforestation in County Kerry, Ireland

Reference

Sociologia Ruralis
Volume 51, Issue 1, pages 35-53, January 2011

Author(s)

Matthew S Carroll, Aine Ni Dhubhain, Courtney Flint

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Afforestation has many benefits at the local regional and global scale. The local social impacts of planting new forests, however, depend on a variety of contextual factors and other details including who is doing the planting, which species are being planted, the location of the planting and, perhaps most importantly, existing land uses and their linkage to social and economic circumstances. This article presents case study research into these issues in two places in County Kerry Ireland. Utilising the concept of the differentiated landscape, we examine the somewhat varying social responses to afforestation in the two study sites in light of the different environmental and social and economic circumstances in the two adjacent areas. We conclude that a more locally nuanced approach to forest planting than has been common in the past could well create greater social acceptance of future afforestation and benefits accruing from it.

Policy theme(s)

Forests >> Forest governance and management
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

N/A

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2010.00523.x/abstract
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carroll@wsu.edu

Title

Turning back the tide of American mink invasion at an unprecedented scale through community participation and adaptive management

Reference

Biological Conservation
doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.10.013

Author(s)

Rosalind Bryce, Matthew K. Oliver, Llinos Davies, Helen Gray, Jamie Urquhart and Xavier Lambin

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

Successful eradications of harmful invasive species have been mostly confined to islands while control programs in mainland areas remain small, uncoordinated and vulnerable to recolonisation. To allow the recovery of threatened native species, innovative management strategies are required to remove invasives from large areas. We took an adaptive approach to achieve large scale eradication of invasive American mink in North East Scotland. The project was centred on the Cairngorms National Park (Scotland), with the primary aim of protecting endangered water vole populations. The project was initiated by scientists and supported and implemented through a partnership comprising a government agency, national park authority and local fisheries boards. Capitalising on the convergent interests of a diverse range of local stakeholders, we created a coordinated coalition of trained volunteers to detect and trap mink. Starting in montane headwaters, we systematically moved down river catchments, deploying mink rafts, an effective detection and trapping platform. Volunteers took increasing responsibility for raft monitoring and mink trapping as the project progressed. Within 3 years, the project removed 376 mink from 10570 km2 with the involvement of 186 volunteers. Capture rate within sub-catchments increased with greater connectivity to mink in other sub-catchments and with proximity to the coast where there is more productive habitat. The main factor underpinning the success of this project was functional volunteer participation. The project is a reason for optimism that the tide of invasion can be rolled back on a large scale where the convergent interest of local communities can be harnessed.

Policy theme(s)

Biodiversity >> Threats to biodiversity >> Invasive species
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

American mink, Invasive alien species, Eradication, Volunteer participation,
Adaptive management, Community conservation

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320710004568
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X.lambin@abdn.ac.uk

Title

Long-term approaches to native woodland restoration: Palaeoecological and stakeholder perspectives on Atlantic forests of Northern Europe

Reference

Forest Ecology and Management
Volume 261, Issue 3, 1 February 2011, Pages 751-763

Author(s)

Althea L. Davies

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

The long timeframes involved in woodland regeneration and adaptation introduce considerable uncertainty into management and conservation planning as most ecological datasets span only a small part of ecosystem dynamics. This is a particular concern in vulnerable habitats, such as Atlantic birch-oak woods in north-western Britain, where range edge populations are at risk from herbivory and climate change. This study combines historical palaeoecology and stakeholder observations to assess how multiple perspectives can inform existing models, expectations and goals for Atlantic woodland management. Long-term evidence for changing woodland composition addresses stakeholder uncertainties over the currently restricted distribution of oak, alder and hazel. Oak has remained a secondary component of birch-dominated woods and habitat definitions based on oak are too narrow to ensure sustainability. Birch has survived numerous periods of climatic and biotic adversity and shows the strongest positive response to historic reductions in grazing pressure. This has led to a pulse of regeneration since c. AD 1900, so current restoration efforts are taking place within the strongest period of woodland expansion in the last c. 500 years. Positive and negative cultural legacies are evident and intervention is considered a necessary restoration tool. Managed grazing at key stages of habitat development can support continued recruitment and regeneration. A more flexible and integrated management approach is recommended. Long-term ecology can provide direction and address uncertainties, while ecological and stakeholder evidence provide the detail necessary to develop effective management that incorporates ecosystem perspectives. This can help shape management strategies that balance possible conflicts over perceived short-term 'damage' to secure longer-term processes. Learning based on multiple temporal perspectives has the potential to contribute to conservation and restoration planning and practice. These principles are more widely applicable in adaptive management.

Policy theme(s)

Forests >> Forest protection >> Forest biodiversity
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Long-term ecology, Western oakwood, Stakeholder perspectives, Paleoecology,
Adaptive management

Entry Source:

Shortlisted for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112710007061
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a.davies@macaulay.ac.uk

Title

The SAFE FOODS Risk Analysis Framework suitable for GMOs? A case study

Reference

Food Control
Volume 21, Issue 12, December 2010, Pages 1662-1676

Author(s)

Harry A. Kuiper and Howard V. Davies

Study type

Peer Review Journal

Abstract

This paper describes the current EU regulatory framework for risk analysis of genetically modified (GM) crop cultivation and market introduction of derived food/feed. Furthermore the risk assessment strategies for GM cropsand derived food/feed as designed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) are described on which international agreement exists. Existing flaws in the EU regulatory framework for GMOs have been identified and proposals are put forward to improve current risk analysis procedures for GMOs by taking the SAFE FOODS Risk Analysis Framework into account. The SAFE FOODS framework describes an iterative decision-making process with four distinct stages i.e. framing, risk-benefit assessment, evaluation, and risk management which includes decision-making, and implementation, and a final review stage. Three major changes compared to current risk analyses practices are proposed, i.e. (i) the addition of a formal framing stage, during which problem formulation and the objectives of the risk analysis are established, (ii) enlargement of the scope of the risk assessment, by including the assessment of potential benefits, and an impact analysis of social and economic aspects, and (iii) addition of a formal evaluation stage, in order to weigh risks, costs and benefits and their distribution. Furthermore a broader participation of certain entities, organisations and individual citizens in specific segments of the risk analysis process, in particular in the framing and evaluation stage, is proposed. The proposed changes in current risk analyses practises may contribute to restore consumer confidence in risk analysis process of GMOs in the EU.

Policy theme(s)

Biotechnology >> GMOs
Risk assessment >> Risk assessment methodologies
Environmental information services >> Environmental communication >> Stakeholder/public engagement

Keywords

Risk analysis, Risk-benefit assessment, Risk management, Foods, Genetically modified crops and derived, foods and feed, EU regulatory framework, Social- and economic impact analysis, Stakeholders participation

Entry Source:

Selected for Science for Environment Policy News Alert

Referred to in EC doc:

N/A

View this study at:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713510000721
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Contact the study author at:

harry.kuiper@wur.nl