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Environmental economics

Structural Change and the Resource Efficient Economy

Transition Costs (2011)

This paper provides a basis for discussion on structural change and the transition to a resource-efficient economy. It examines the process of economic growth and structural change at a macro-economic and a micro-economic scale so that the costs and benefits of transition can be assessed. It points out that there is no fixed 'status quo' in the economy compared to on-going structural change. It looks at the factors resulting in higher or lower costs of structural change, whether induced by policy or economic conditions. As a result, it provides a basis for reconsidering how to look at the costs and benefits of policy change - suggesting that the costs of transition to a green economy are best compared to alternative scenarios of transition costs, rather than to a 'no cost' scenario.

Lags in the EU Economy's response to change (2011)

This study examines why economies do not always respond optimally to changing economic conditions. In particular, it identifies reasons why the EU economy may be slow in its response to changes in resource scarcity to the detriment of its competitiveness. The analysis of lags to the spread of innovation suggests that some of the existing literature is too simplistic, that the considerations involved are complex, and that smart policies which seek to influence consumer behaviour through differentiated, non-traditional approaches may be needed.

Economic Analysis of Resource Efficiency Policies (2011)

This study identifies existing policies that have successfully optimised the use of resources and estimates their current net benefits to the EU. Based on a literature review and stakeholder consultations, 120 resource efficiency policies were identified in 23 countries. Most policies address either material efficiency of specific resources, such as water and aggregates, or material efficiency in industrial production at a general level. The scope of such policies ranges from improving material efficiency in SMEs through dissemination of information on best practices. A number of projects and schemes were identified in the UK, Germany, Belgium, Finland and the US. The study assesses their value and their potential economic benefits for the EU if applied more widely.

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