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The European Union has a system of prior authorisation for shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel in order to provide greater protection against the dangers of ionising radiation. This system was established in 1992 and modified significantly in 2006.
The Directive concerns the Member States' application of a system of control and prior authorisation for shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel *It provides for a compulsory and common system of notification and a standard control document.
The Directive covers shipments of radioactive waste or spent fuel which have a point of departure, transit or destination in an EU Member State if the quantities or concentration are over certain limits fixed by Directive 96/29/Euratom, Article 3(2)(a) and (b). It does not apply to the following cases:
The Directive allows Member States to ship spent fuel to another Member State for reprocessing, organise the return of radioactive waste after treatment to the country of origin and return shipments of radioactive substances which do not comply with the Directive to the country of origin.
To send a shipment of radioactive waste or spent fuel the holder must submit an application to the competent authorities in the country of origin. A single application may cover several shipments if the substances involved share the same characteristics and if the route (countries and borders crossed) and the competent authorities are the same.
Where waste is to be imported into the EU, the consignee must submit this application to the competent authorities of the country of destination. Where a shipment is made from a Member State to a third country, the competent authorities in the Member State of origin must contact the relevant authorities in the country of destination.
The shipment cannot be made until the competent authorities of the country of destination and of any country of transit have notified the competent authorities of the country of origin of their approval. The Directive stipulates a period of two months after receipt of the application for notification of approval or refusal. Refusal from a Member State of destination or transit must be justified with regard to the legislation on the shipment and management of radioactive waste or spent fuel.
The competent authorities in Member States of transit or destination may add conditions to the shipment. Nevertheless, for shipments within the Community, it is not possible to lay down conditions which are more stringent than those laid down by the national law of a Member State on the shipment of radioactive waste on its own territory.
The Directive prohibits the export of radioactive waste to African, Caribbean or Pacific (ACP) countries, in line with the Cotonou Agreement, to a destination south of latitude 60 south or to a third country which does not have the resources to manage the radioactive waste safely.
If the conditions applying to the shipment are not complied with or the shipment cannot be completed, a competent authority may decide that the radioactive waste must be returned to the holder if no safe alternative can be found. A standard document is to be used for all shipments falling within the scope of the Directive.
Commission Recommendation 2008/956/Euratom of 4 December 2008 on criteria for the export of radioactive waste and spent fuel to third countries [Official Journal L338 of 17.12.2008].
The Commission makes recommendations relating to the main requirements applicable to the export of radioactive waste and spent fuel to third countries, concerning in particular radiological protection for workers and the general public, the preparation of emergency plans, the safety of waste management and the setting up of regulatory authorities being in charge of issuing licences and carrying out inspections.
The Commission also lists criteria that should be taken into consideration by Member States to evaluate whether the requirements have been met, including International Atomic Energy Authority (IAEA) membership, signature and ratification of conventions on radioactive waste and spent fuels and in particular the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, and compliance with the provisions of international instruments concerning transport safety of dangerous goods (the SOLAS and Chicago Conventions).
Commission Decision of 5 March 2008 establishing the standard document for the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel 2008/312/Euratom
[Official Journal L 107 of 17.4.2008].
The Commission is regularly to present summary reports on the implementation of this Directive to the Council, the European Parliament and the European Economic and Social Committee based on the Member States' reports
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name(s) and address(es) of the competent authority or authorities:
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languages acceptable to the competent authorities Standard document |
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all general conditions and additional requirements, if any, necessary for the competent authorities to authorise a shipment |
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Belgium |
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Federal Agency for nuclear control (FANC) [Federaal Agentschap voor nucleaire Controle (FANC), Agence fédérale de contrôle nucléaire (AFCN)] Security and transport department Import and transport office Rue Ravensteinstraat 36 B-1000 Brussels Contact person: Ing. Martine LIEBENS tel: +32 2 289.21.83 fax: + 32 2 289.21.82 e-mail: martine.liebens@fanc.fgov.be |
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Dutch, French, German (official languages in Belgium) or English |
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Transport of the radioactive material in Belgian territory is subject to a license [issued by the FANC issued to the carrier(s)]. |
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Bulgaria |
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Nuclear Regulatory Agency (NRA) 69 Shipchenski prokhod Blvd. 1574 Sofia, Bulgaria Tel.: (+359 2) 94 06 800 Fax.: (+359 2) 94 06 919 Contact person: Dr. Sergey TZOTCHEV - Chairman: Tel.: (+359 2) 94 06 800; Fax.: (+359 2) 94 06 919 E-mail: S.Tzotchev@bnra.bg |
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Bulgarian or English |
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According to the “Act on the Safe Use of Nuclear Energy” (ASUNE/2002) the shipments of radioactive waste (RAW) and spent fuel (SF) are carried out after a permit for import/export and a permit for transport, granted by the NRA Chairman for each particular case. The applicant shall submit all necessary documents in accordance with the “Regulation on the Procedure for Issuing Licences and Permits for Safe Use of Nuclear Energy”, 2004. These documents are related to the “Regulation on the Conditions and Procedure of Transport of Radioactive Material”, 2005. This Regulation is based on the general conditions for safe transport, established in the IAEA Safety Requirements No. TS-R-1 and the Model Regulations ADR, RID, IMDG Code, ICAO-TI and AND. Additionally, according to the ASUNE:
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CzechRepublic |
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State Office for Nuclear Safety, Division of RAW and SF Management Senovážné nám. 9 CZ-110 00 Praha 1, Czech Republic Contact person: Peter LIETAVA Tel.: +420 221 624 763 Fax: +420 221 624 786 e-mail: peter.lietava@sujb.cz |
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Czech or English |
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In the Czech Republic, there are two additional requirements for shipment of radioactive materials.
According to Act No. 634/2004 Coll., on Fees of Proceedings, as Amended, the applicant has to pay a fee of 500 Kc for the shipment approval of the high activity package(s) and 2000 Kc for the shipment approval of the package(s) containing fissile material. This fee shall be paid to Czech National Bank not latter than applicant submits the application. |
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Denmark |
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National Institute of Radiation Protection Knapholm 7, DK-2730 Herlev (Denmark) Tel.: +45 44 54 34 54 Fax: +45 72 22 74 17 E-mail: sis@sis.dk Contact person: Kresten BREDDAM, Assistant Manager Tel.: +45 44 54 34 63 e-mail: krb@sis.dk |
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English or Danish |
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No additional requirements |
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Germany |
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Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA) Division 323 Frankfurter Straße 29-35 65760 Eschborn, Germany Phone: +49-6196-908-0 Fax:+49-6196-908-800 Email: poststelle@bafa.bund.de General information about BAFA Information about the implementation of Directive 2006/117/ Euratom Contact person: Dr. Michael GANZ Phone: +49-6196-908-628 Fax:+49-6196-908-859 e-mail:michael.ganz@bafa.bund.de |
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German or English |
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Prior to shipments, due to Germany’s federal structure, local authorities which are competent supervising offices will be additionally involved. |
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Estonia |
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Ministry of the Environment Narva Street 7a EE-15172 Tallinn (Estonia) Contact person: Ms Evelyn PESUR Tel.: +3726262982 e-mail: evelyn.pesur@envir.ee |
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Estonian or English |
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According to Estonia Radiation act the necessary documents for the import, export or transit of radioactive waste are: 1) application for transport permit; 2) authorization by competent authorities; 3) transport permit; 4) list of packaging; 5) notice on receipt of radioactive waste. A radiation practice license is not required for activities upon which the activity concentrations or total activity of used radionuclides is less than the exemption value. The bases for calculation of exemption values, and the exemption values for radionuclides shall be established by a regulation of the Government. |
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Ireland |
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Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland 3 Clonskeagh Square Clonskeagh Dublin 14, Ireland Contact person: Dr Tom RYAN, Director of Regulatory Services Ph: + 353 1 2697766 Fax: + 353 1 2697437 e-mail: tryan@rpii.ie |
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English |
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Adherence to European and international regulations in relation to the transport and packaging of materials Provision of a full risk assessment for the transport that takes account of all matters concerning the safe and secure transport of materials including the protection of workers and members of the public Adherence to national radiation protection and transport regulations as provided for in Irish Law including licensing provisions Any additional requirements identified in the course of the transposing process will be communicated in the draft text |
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Greece |
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Greek Atomic Energy Commission P.O.Box 60092 GR-153 10 Agia Paraskevi, GREECE Tel.: +302106506803 Fax: +302106506748 Contact person: Mrs. Stavroula VOGIATZI e-mail: sbogiatz@gaec.gr |
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Greek or English |
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As described in the existing International, European and National Legislation, relevant to the transport of radioactive materials, radioactive waste and spent fuel in general |
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Spain |
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Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio Dirección General de Política Energética y Minas Subdirección General de Energía Nuclear Servicio de Energía Nuclear (planta 6, despacho 41) Paseo de la Castellana 160 E-28070 Madrid, ESPAÑA Contact person: Mrs. Saleta GONZÁLEZ-ESCALADA MENA Tel.: (+34) 91 349 75 42 Fax: (+34) 91 349 75 29 e-mail: sgonzaleze@mityc.es |
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Spanish and English |
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Relevant Spanish pieces of legislation on transport |
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France |
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Ministre de l’écologie, de l’énergie, du développement durable et de l’aménagement du territoire Direction générale de l’énergie et du climat Direction de l’énergie Sous-direction de l’industrie nucléaire 61, boulevard Vincent Auriol – Télédoc 143 75703 Paris Cedex 13 – France Contact persons: • M. Jean JAVANNI Chef du bureau « Réglementation et affaires techniques » Tél. : + 33 1 44 97 06 06 Fax. : + 33 1 44 97 09 30 Courriel : jean.javanni@industrie.gouv.fr • Mme Anne Laget-GRAS Bureau « Réglementation et affaires techniques » Tél. : + 33 1 44 97 05 98 Fax. : + 33 1 44 97 09 30 Courriel : anne.laget-gras@industrie.gouv.fr |
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French or English |
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All transport operations and any kind of storage of RAW and/or SF need to be licensed by the competent authority. |
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Italy |
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Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico Dipartimento per la competitività Direzione Generale per l’Energia e le Risorse Minerarie Ufficio B6 Via Molise, 2 – 00197 Roma tel: + 39 06 4705 2641/2531/2693 fax: + 39 06 47052847 e-mail: dgerm.ufficiob6trasporti@sviluppoeconomico.gov.it
i) Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico Dipartimento per la competitività Direzione Generale per l’Energia e le Risorse Minerarie Ufficio B6 Via Molise, 2 – 00197 Roma tel: + 39 06 47052641 – 2531 – 2693 fax: + 39 06 47052847 e-mail: dgerm.ufficiob6trasporti@sviluppoeconomico.gov.it when the holder of the waste or the consignee has a licence issued by the Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico ii) the Prefect of the province (*) when the holder of the waste or the consignee has a licence issued by the Prefect of the province
Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico Dipartimento per la competitività Direzione Generale per l’Energia e le Risorse Minerarie Ufficio B6 Via Molise, 2 – 00197 Roma tel: + 39 06 47052641 – 2531 – 2693 fax: + 39 06 47052847 |
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Italian |
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No additional requirements |
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Cyprus |
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Radiation Inspection and Control Service Department of Labour Inspection Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance 12 Apellis Street 1493 Nicosia, CYPRUS Tel. +357 22405623 Fax: +357 22663788 e-mail: director@dli.mlsi.gov.cy Contact person: Panicos DEMETRIADES, Senior Labour Inspection Officer Tel.: +357 22405650/1/2/3/4 Fax: +357 22405651 e-mail: pdemetriades@dli.mlsi.gov.cy |
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Greek or English |
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Application in writing prior to shipment, including all information needed and using a special application form. Import of any kind of radioactive waste in Cyprus is prohibited by law. |
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Latvia |
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Radiation Safety Centre 165 Maskavas iela, LV-1019 Riga, Latvia Telephone: +371 67032660, Fax: +371 67032659 e-mail: pasts@rdc.gov.lv Contact person: Andrejs DREIMANIS phone: +371 67032676 fax: +371 67032659 e-mail: A.Dreimanis@rdc.gov.lv |
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English or Latvian |
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The carriers of radioactive waste and/or spent fuel shall be authorised in its respective country to accomplish practices with radioactive materials, radioactive waste and/or spent fuel. |
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Lithuania |
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Radiation Protection Centre (radioactive waste) Kalvarijų St. 153, LT-08221, Vilnius Tel. 00370 5236 1936 Fax. 00370 5276 3633 E-mail: rsc@rsc.lt State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (spent fuel) A.Goštauto str. 12 LT-01108 Vilnius Tel. +370 5 262 4141 Fax +370 5 261 4487 E-mail: atom@vatesi.lt |
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Lithuanian or English |
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General requirements in Lithuania for the authorization of the shipments between Member States are implemented according to the Council Directive 92/3/EURATOM. There are no other additional requirements. |
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Luxembourg |
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Ministère de la Santé (Ministry of Health) Division de la Radioprotection de la Direction de la Santé (Department of Radiation Protection) Villa Louvigny - Allée Marconi L-2120 Luxembourg Contact Person: Patrick MAJERUS phone: 00352 247 85670 fax: 00352 467 522 e-mail: patrick.majerus@ms.etat.lu |
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French, German, English or Luxembourgish |
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All transport operations and any kind of storage of RAW and/or SF need to be licensed by the competent authority (Ministry of Health) |
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Hungary |
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Hungarian Atomic Energy Authority P.O. Box 676 Fényes A. u. 4 H-1539 Budapest (Hungary) Phone: +36 1 4364800 Fax: +36 1 4364843 Contact person: Dr. Kristof HORVATH Head, Department of Nuclear and Radioactive Material Phone: +36 1 4364911 Fax: +36 1 4364843 e-mail: horvathk@haea.gov.hu |
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Hungarian or English |
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According to the provisions of the Decree of Minister of the Interior No. 47/1997 (VIII. 26), whenever the activity of the transported radioactive material is greater than 3000A1 or 3000A2 as appropriate, or 1 PBq, whichever is lower, our National Police is authorized to decide on routing. The corresponding application shall be sent to: H-1903 Budapest, P.O. Box 314/15, Hungary Fax: +36 1 4435512 |
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Malta |
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Malta Environment and Planning Authority St Francis Ravelin, Floriana P.O. Box 200, Marsa, MRS 1000, Malta Tel: +356 2290 7200 Fax: +356 2290 2281 E-mail address: contact.TFS@mepa.org.mt Contact person: Mr Kevin MERCIECA (Unit Manager) |
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Maltese and English |
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No additional requirements |
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Netherlands |
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Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer Directie Stoffen, Veiligheid en Straling / IPC 645 Afdeling Straling, Nucleaire en Bioveiligheid [Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment Directorate Chemicals, Safety and Radiation Protection / IPC 645 Radiation Protection, Nuclear and Biosafety Division] P.O. Box 30945 NL-2500 GX Den Haag Contact persons: Mr. Mathieu G. ter MORSHUIZEN Tel.: + 31 703394910 Fax: + 31 703391286 e-mail: mathieu.termorshuizen@minvrom.nl Mrs. Mithra GOPAL-KALI Tel: 0031703394986 Fax: 0031703391286 e-mail: Mithra.GopalKali@minvrom.nl |
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Dutch or English |
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No additional requirements |
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Austria |
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Bundesministerium für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Umwelt und Wasserwirtschaft Federal ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management Abt. V/7 Strahlenschutz/Division Radiation Protection Radetzkystraße 2 A-1031 Wien AUSTRIA Tel.: +43 (0)1 71100-4194 Fax: +43 (0)1 7122331 e-mail: Strahlenschutz@bmlfuw.gv.at |
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English or German |
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No additional requirements |
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Poland |
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National Atomic Energy Agency Krucza 36 00-522 Warsaw, Poland Tel.: +48 22 695 9800 Fax: +48 22 629 0164 Contact person: Tadeusz DZIUBIAK Tel.: +48 22 676 9707 Fax: +48 22 614 4252 E-mail: tadeusz.dziubiak@paa.gov.pl |
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Polish or English |
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Appropriate license for transport radioactive waste or license for transport spent nuclear fuel issued by the President of the National Atomic Energy Agency. |
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Portugal |
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Romania |
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National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control 14 Libertatii, 5 Bucharest, Romania 050706 e-mail address: office@cncan.ro Contact person(s): Ms. Vajda BORBALA, President of CNCAN telephone: +4021 317 05 72 fax: +4021 316 38 87 e-mail: vajda.borbala@cncan.ro |
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Romanian or English |
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Slovenia |
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Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration Železna cesta 16, P.O. Box 5759, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia Phone: +386 1 472 11 00 Fax: +386 1 472 11 99 E-mail: gp.ursjv@gov.si Contact person: Polona TAVČAR Phone: +386 1 472 11 25 Fax: +386 1 472 11 99 E-mail: polona.tavcar@gov.si |
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Slovenian |
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Currently for the transit of radioactive waste and spent fuel across Slovenia the license issued by the SNSA is mandatory. In the above licensing process the facts and evidence provided within the authorization process set in the Council Directive 2006/117/EURATOM of 20 November 2006 on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel, shall be dully considered. |
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Slovakia |
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For shipment of spent fuel and radioactive waste from nuclear installations: Úrad jadrového dozoru (Nuclear Regulatory Authority) Bajkalská 27 P. O. Box 24 820 07 Bratislava Slovakia For shipment of institutional radioactive waste including disused sealed sources and radioactive substances other than above: Úrad verejného zdravotníctva (Public Health Authority) Trnavská cesta 52 826 45 Bratislava Slovakia |
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Slovak |
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All general conditions as well as requirements which are necessary to authorise shipment are given in national legal documents depending on type of material to be shipped. For shipment of spent fuel and radioactive waste from nuclear installations: Atomic act No. 541/2004 Coll. as amended and Regulation No. 57/2006 Coll. For shipment of institutional radioactive waste including disused sealed sources and radioactive substances other than above: Public health act No. 355/2007 Coll. and respective regulations based on it. With regard to legislative provisions also special additional safety requirements might be put in place by regulatory body if necessary. |
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Finland |
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Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) Laippatie 4 / P.O. BOX 14 00881 Helsinki, Finland Telephone +358 9 759 881 Telefax +358 9 759 88 500 e-mail: stuk@stuk.fi |
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Finnish, Swedish and English |
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No shipment of nuclear or radioactive waste of non-Finnish origin for the purpose of its disposal in Finland shall be authorized because such imports/transfers to Finland are prohibited by national legislation. A separate licence is required for transport of nuclear waste (including spent fuel) in Finland and through Finnish territory (Article 2 of the Nuclear Energy Act). The licensing authority is STUK. The licence procedure and other requirements are presented in the Nuclear Energy Degree (Article 17 and Section 8) and in the Regulatory Guides YVL 6.4 (Transport packages and packaging for radioactive material) and 6.5. (Transport of nuclear material and nuclear waste).The above mentioned regulations are available in English at STUK’s website http://www.stuk.fi/julkaisut_maaraykset/en_GB/ |
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Sweden |
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Swedish Radiation Safety Authority SE-171 16 Stockholm Telephone: +46 8 799 40 00 Fax: +46 8 799 40 10 e-mail: registrator@ssm.se |
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Swedish or English |
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Foreign nuclear waste - as defined in the Swedish Nuclear Activities Act - has to be returned at the latest two years after the day of receiving the waste, i.e. processing of a specific batch of foreign nuclear waste in Sweden has to be performed within that time-frame. |
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United Kingdom |
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The Environment Agency Radioactive Substances Regulation Block 1, Government Buildings Burghill Road Westbury-on-Trym Bristol BS10 6BF United Kingdom Tel. (44) 117 914 2977 Fax. (44) 117 914 2734 Email: bob.russ@environment-agency.gov.uk The Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) Radioactive Substances Unit Manager Environmental Protection and Improvement Directorate Corporate Office Erskine Court Castle Business Park Stirling FK9 4TR Scotland United Kingdom Direct Line: (44) 1786 455 989 Office Reception: (44) 1786 457 700 Fax: (44) 1786 446885 E-mail : byron.tilly@sepa.org.uk The Chief Inspector Industrial Pollution & Radiochemical Inspectorate Northern Ireland Environment Agency Klondyke Building Cromac Avenue Gasworks Business Park Belfast BT7 2JA United Kingdom Tel. (44) 2890 569299 Fax. (44) 2890 569263 Email: ipri@doeni.gov.uk |
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English |
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An authorisation under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 to accumulate or dispose of radioactive waste may also be required. Contact the relevant competent authority for more information. |