International Labour Organization, 2009, 103 pages

The report recognizes that many domestic workers, especially irregular migrants, are particularly exposed to exploitation and abuse. It argues that exploitation arises from factors that are only partially linked to the “vulnerabilities” of migrant women.

According to the report, European countries are developing an increasingly sophisticated approach to address human trafficking and modern forms of slavery and domestic servitude. However it highlights how the law generally tends to allow domestic workers lower levels of protection and recognition of labour rights than those granted to other categories of workers.